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Large-scale geomorphological mapping as a tool to detect structural features: the case of Mt. Prinzera ophiolite rock mass (Northern Apennines, Italy)
Get PDF<p>This paper presents a geomorphologic map of the Mt. Prinzera ultramafic rock complex (Parma Province, Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy) mapped at large scale (1:2500). The map is the first contribution to the detailed geomorphologic knowledge of the area within the framework of a multidisciplinary approach used to analyse Mt. Prinzera as a hard rock aquifer case study. The geomorphologic mapping was carried out by field survey and aerial photograph analysis. All the surface processes and landforms were considered, with particular attention to structural geomorphologic features. The mapping of linear morphologic features was considered useful for revealing the presence of sets of joints otherwise difficult to detect due to surface weathering. Sets of rock discontinuities are important for water seepage and percolation and their identification is crucial for developing the hydrogeological conceptual model of the aquifer.</p
Hydrogeological and isotopic characterization of an ophiolite aquifer (Monte Zirone, Northern Apennines, Italy)
No full textIs there an ideal protocol for sampling macroinvertebrates in springs?
Get PDFSampling in springs has several technical problems due to their reduced dimensions and habitat heterogeneity. A standardized quantitative method for sampling crenic macroinvertebrates has never been proposed. The aim of this study was to compare different sampling methods and consider their environmental impacts. First, we present a review of sampling methods found in the literature and discuss their advantages and disadvantages with respect to selective collection of the target community and habitat disturbance. Altogether, 10 different methods have been reported, the use of nets being the most common protocol. Second, we report the results of macroinvertebrate samplings performed in three springs, each surveyed twice, using three different methods (multi-habitat proportional hand net, baited traps, and vegetation washing), in order to compare their effectiveness in collecting macroinvertebrates. Overall, 32 macroinvertebrate taxa, mostly identified at family level, were collected in the sampled springs. Significant differences in abundances were found using different methods, while results for community structure were comparable between the hand net sampling and the combined use of the other two methods, notwithstanding slight differences in the composition of Coleoptera and Diptera assemblages. The hand net, with a multi-habitat proportional approach, yielded more thorough results, making it suitable for biodiversity inventories but having some potentially negative effects on spring habitats. Traps and vegetation washing are also reliable methods with negligible impacts on spring ecosystems that can be conveniently used in ecological studies
Depositional environment of shallow-marine arenites in the Northern Apennines (Italy) affects aquifer performance: an interpretive key to groundwater management in a climate change scenario
Get PDFStudy Region: The Pantano Formation arenitic aquifer, in the Northern Apennine chain between Modena and Bologna (Italy). Study Focus: through an array of geological, hydrogeological and geochemical investigations across distinct members of the Miocene Pantano Formation, this study aims at assessing the influence of depositional environments on aquifer performance (i.e., recharge and storage capacity, spring discharge). As the investigated aquifer represents a key resource for drinking water in the Northern Apennines, interpreting depositional environments might drive future applications in areas understudied from a hydrogeological viewpoint. New Hydrological Insights for the Region: this study emphasizes the critical role of depositional environments in shaping the aquifer characteristics of the Pantano Formation. Sedimentary facies formed in relatively proximal environments, close to the paleo shoreline, exhibit higher bulk hydraulic conductivity, recharge potential, and storage than those formed in a more distal (open shelf) position, resulting in discharge through larger springs more resilient to droughts. These differences are attributed to depositional factors, such as textural heterogeneity and carbonate content facilitating karst dissolution. Moreover, numerical modeling indicated the feasibility of sustainable groundwater withdrawal though pumping, especially in nearshore sediments, offering a mitigation measure for future water supply challenges during droughts. Therefore, nearshore deposits cropping out in other sectors of the Northern Apennines hold a great potential to mitigate groundwater shortages during droughts and should be the object of further hydrogeological investigations
Protezione idrogeologica di sorgenti in acquiferi fratturati non carsici
Get PDFThe paper deals about the
mapping of contribution and well-head protection areas for springs discharging out from non karstic
fractured aquifers. In the specifi c case we refer to mainly sedimentary hard rock aquifers occurring
in Northern Apennines (Italy): they are represented by turbidites and arenites, and by ophiolites at a
lower extent, characterized by high heterogeneity and anisotropy in the hydraulic conductivity distribution.
Groundwater fl ow numerical modeling, by the adoption of Equivalent Porous Medium (EPM)
approach, is presented as the most suited and robust tool in order to locate, according to a physically
based approach, contribution and protection areas of springs; the main mandatory prerequisites
are the availability of a reliable geological model derived from a detailed geological survey of the
area and the occurrence of multi-year time series of continuous monitoring of spring discharge. The
presented case study is about a main public water supply spring and, at the same time, a Groundwater
Dependent Ecosystems (GDE) of paramount importance in the area. The application is preceded
by a review of different methodologies employed to map non karstic spring contribution and
protection areas, updated with recent references. The recharge area derived by numerical modeling
has an extension of about 2.40 km2, this area produces an average spring fl ow rate of 12.43 l/s.
Spring protection areas were defi ned by the envelop of the 60 days and 365 days travel times. Their
extensions are, respectively, 1.6% and 11.4% of the recharge area. Finally, the infi ltration coeffi cient,
above the contribution area, resulted equal to 17%. At the end of the article a hybrid methodology to
map contribution and protection areas of springs in a mountainous non karstic setting is proposed
The geomorphological map of the floodplain of the River Taro (Northern Apennines) as tool for flood hazards assessment.
No full textIn the last years, the northern Apennines have been stricken by some extreme meteorological events characterized by intense rainfalls fallen in few hours. These events caused a large number of debris flows and small landslides in the higher part of hydrographic basins (1st to 3rd order streams) while the flood plain of the major torrents (4th to 7th order streams) underwent bank erosion and flooding processes damaging buildings, bridges and roads. The integrated use of classic geomorphologic tools, like a geomorphological map and aerial photographs, together with high resolution LIDAR allowed us to recognize and mapping the parts in the plain of River Taro subject to flood hazards. The floodplain of Taro River is an intense populated area with many settlements, human structurers and craft areas. The flooding areas with different recurrent time (floods with a time of recurrence of 30-50, 100-200 and 500 years) were recognized mainly with a geomorphological and hydraulic integrated approach. This work is a contribution for the definition of flooding areas of the rivers combining high resolution hydraulic and geomorphologic dat
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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