1,720,989 research outputs found
Pay as You Throw Threshold Tariff: Evidence on the Incentive to Recycle
No full textWe study the impact of the introduction of a pay as you throw tariff in Ferrara which presented a low status-quo level of waste recycling. We find that it increased the waste recycling share by 40 % points and decreased the total waste per capita by 30 % points. Our dataset allows the split of the overall effect on waste recycling, finding that 63 % of recycling is due to organic material and 37 % to multimaterial (paper, glass, and plastic). This result suggests that packaging does not constitute the major waste recycling collection. Moreover, we find both an increase in waste recycling and a decrease in total waste, contrary to other case studies with a higher starting level of waste recycling. This leads to the important conclusion that pricing waste is effective in reducing pollution if the waste recycling level is sufficiently low
La finanza locale decentrata nelle Regioni e Province autonome del Nord Italia
No full textThe coordination of public finance and the tax system is one of the subjects requested by ordinary-statute Regions advocating for differentiated regionalism. This paper analyzes how the autonomous Regions of Valle d’Aosta and Friuli-Venezia Giulia, as well as the autonomous Provinces of Trento and Bolzano, manage local public finance and local taxation based on the powers granted to them by their respective special statutes. Specifically, three topics are examined. The first concerns local property taxation, where the Provinces of Trento and Bolzano and the Region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia have each replaced the national IMU tax with their own local tax. The second topic is the tourist tax, where each autonomous Region and Province has introduced its own tax on tourist stays, addressing some of the drawbacks of the national tourist tax. Finally, the third topic is local public finance, where the autonomous Regions and Provinces allocate transfers for current and investment expenditures to their municipalities according to their own criteria and mechanisms
Pay as you throw: evidence on the incentive to recycle
No full textThe Pay as you throw (PAYT) system implies that people pay according to the unsorted waste they produce. Its impact has been studied with mixed results on total waste and recycling because the estimates refer to different socio-economic contexts and so do not take into account all time-varying effects of unobservables. A way out of this problem is to use the Synthetic Control Method (SCM), which is a data driven impact evaluation. In particular, in our work we apply the SCM to the municipality of Ferrara where users pay a fee up to a given number of bags produced, after this number they are charged for every additional bag. We test the impact of the introduction of this system in the municipality of Ferrara in July 2017, by using a sample of municipalities of the same region served by the same firm. We find that the introduction of the new tariff strongly increased waste recycling and strongly decreased Ferrara’s total waste with respect to its synthetic counterfactual. In fact, after one year of the implementation of the new tariff, Ferrara has increased its waste recycling percentage of total waste by 40% and decreased the total per capita waste by 30% with respect to what its synthetic counterfactual has done
Lo stock di capitale comunale: indicazioni per le politiche di intervento infrastrutturale in Lombardia [The stock of communal capital: Political indications of infrastructural partic-ipation in Lombardia]
No full textA partire dal 2016 gli investimenti comunali sono in continua crescita e si prospetta nei prossimi anni una grande quantità di progetti infrastrutturali, finanziati dal PNRR, che le amministrazioni comunali dovranno gestire. Tuttavia, non tutti i Comuni partono dalla stessa dotazione di infrastrutture sul loro territorio, quindi per un adeguato riparto delle risorse occorre stimare il capitale fisso attualmente a disposizione degli enti locali. Utilizzando il metodo dell’inventario permanente e le spese per investimento dei comuni lombardi nel periodo 2000-2019, si è quindi ricostruito lo stock di capitale pubblico a livello comunale per la Lombardia. Attraverso un modello di regressione semplice, mostriamo come lo stock di infrastrutture sia fortemente determinato dalla popolazione e da alcune caratteristiche socio-economiche e territoriali dei comuni, quali il reddito pro capite, l’altitudine, i chilometri di strade comunali e la presenza di aree ad alta pericolosità idraulica o di frane. Infine, stimiamo lo stock di infrastrutture standard e mettiamo in evidenza come i comuni di piccolissime dimensioni (<1.000 abitanti) e di grandi dimensioni (>20.000 abitanti) presentino un deficit di infrastrutture rispetto allo standard.
The 'Great Lockdown' and its determinants
No full textSince COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, countries on the same pandemic trajectory have adopted very different lockdown strategies. Using data for over 132 countries, and employing an event-study design, this paper identifies the role of political, economic and institutional factors in explaining the differential timing and intensity of stringency measures undertaken
Waste recycling and yardstick competition among Italian provinces after the EU Waste Framework Directive
No full textRecycling and the recovery of waste are crucial waste management strategies. In light of the new European Union (EU) circular economy approach, these strategies remain core pillars of a competitive and sustainable waste value chain. Local governments have an important role in controlling and checking the implementation of waste management policies. We study the spatial determinants of waste recovery using a dataset of 102 Italian provinces from 2001 to 2014. To induce a possible source of exogenous variation, we exploit the political cycle of the provinces to isolate the impact of waste recovery in neighbouring provinces on its own province’s waste recovery. We find that after the transposition of the 2008 EU Waste Framework Directive, provinces mimic their own neighbours in the separate collection of waste aimed at recycling and recovery. This effect is more pronounced during pre-electoral years than non-pre-electoral ones, and fully guided by provinces where the president can run for re-election.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Has COVID‐19 vaccination success increased the marginal willingness to pay taxes?
Full text linkThe COVID-19 vaccination campaign can be regarded as a public-sector success story. Given the shock caused by the pandemic, the highly visible and successful response of the public authorities in rolling out the vaccination might have elicited an increase in public trust. We test whether the
vaccination process increased the marginal willingness to pay taxes (MWTP). Taking advantage of the different paths taken by the vaccination roll-out in Spain, we employ a differencein- differences empirical strategy, complemented by an event study, to infer causality running from vaccination coverage to MWTP. We find an increase in MWTP caused by the good governance of the vaccination campaign
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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