1,721,037 research outputs found
Therapeutic Potential of Targeted Nanoparticles and Perspective on Nanotherapies
No full textEngineered nanoparticles (NPs) to specifically deliver payload therapeutics to target cells involved in pathophysiological processes seem to offer a powerful strategy to overcome intrinsic limitations of drugs. In this Viewpoint we disclose the synergistic potential between medicinal chemistry and nanomedicine to exploit the "targeting concept"in developing effective nanotherapeutics, as well as the challenges and limitations that should be considered in pursuing their clinical translation, especially toward precision medicine
PROVVEDIMENTI PUBBLICI, COLERA E SOLIDARIETÀ NEL XIX SECOLO. L’EPIDEMIA DEL 1855 NELLA CITTÀ REGIA DI ALGHERO (SARDEGNA)
No full textIl colera si può definire come una malattia tipica del XIX secolo. L’infezione
colpì la popolazione italiana, in diverse ondate, dal 1835 per un
ottantennio, mietendo numerosissime vittime tanto da riportare alla memoria
e nell’immaginario collettivo la supposizione che il morbo «resuscitasse
l’antico terrore della peste» (Forti Messina 1984, p. 431). Alla vigilia
dell’Unità d’Italia la rinnovata paura dell’arrivo della «malattia della
rivoluzione commerciale» (Tognotti 2000, p. 19) portò anche le municipalità
sarde ad adottare una politica sanitaria «per rintuzzare i micidiali
effetti nel caso d’invasione del cholera asiatico» (Archivio Storico del Comune
di Alghero, d’ora in poi ASCAL, B 19, 204, pp. 91-92v) ed «impedire
la invasione del Morbo Micidiale nella nostra Isola» (ASCAL, B 19,
204, pp. 99-99v).
Le misure adottate vennero affiancate alle esigue conoscenze mediche,
alla scarsa presenza su tutto il territorio di medici frequentemente
sostituiti da personale non specializzato come i barbieri e i flebotomi, alle
precarie condizioni di vita, alla coabitazione spesso anche con animali,
alla malnutrizione, alla mancanza delle infrastrutture necessarie alla
vita comunitaria, alla viabilità interna ed esterna piena di «immondizie,
letamai e acque luride» e alla rassegnazione degli abitanti all’arrivo di
una malattia contagiosa alimentata da astruse combinazioni planetarie e
metereologiche a cui erano predestinati per castigo divino ci portano a
supporre ed ipotizzare diversi problemi ambientali ed igienico-sanitari
all’interno delle mura delle città regie sarde ed in particolare di Alghero (SS),(SS), per lungo tempo trascurati.Cholera may be defined as a
typical XIX-century disease. From 1835 and for about eight decades, cholera stuck
Italy a number of times, causing several deaths among its population. This
brought back memories of past epidemics resulting in a collective fear that the
black death would soon spread again. In preunitarian years, the dreaded ‘return
of the disease of the commercial revolution’ led the Sardinian municipalities,
among others, to the adoption of a health policy that would ‘tame the potentially
devastating consequences of an Asian cholera epidemics’ as well as ‘preventing
the deadly disease from reaching the Island’. Such measures, however, met with
an evident lack of medical competence and of skilled medical staff, usually replaced
with non-trained personnel such as barbers and phlebotomists, but also
with poor sanitation – people living with their livestock, malnutrition, insufficient
infrastructures for the community, roads piled ‘with garbage, dung and foul waters’
– and the strong belief among the local communities that a mysterious combination
of divine and meteorological agents would bring cholera back and punish
them. This all suggests that a number of environmental and sanitary issues had
long been neglected within the walls of many Sardinian towns, and in the town of
Alghero especially
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Synthesis and evaluation of substituted 2-phenylpirrole-4-carboxamides for in vitro dopamina D2 receptor binding affinity
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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