1,720,956 research outputs found
Translation Techniques in the English-Kiswahili Translation of Agro-Pesticide Texts in Tanzania: Relevance to the Farmers
Full text linkThis qualitative study investigated the translation techniques used in the English-Kiswahili translation of agro-texts in Maswa District of Simiyu Region-Tanzania. The subjects for this study were translators, cotton farmers, farm input vendors, and agricultural extension officers. Through text analysis and interviews, the study revealed that transference, naturalization, descriptive equivalence and reduction are used as translation techniques. Other techniques include expansion, compensation, modulation, paraphrase, transposition and calques. The information translated through transference, calques, reduction and expansion could not easily be understood by the farmers. The rest of the techniques convey information in a manner that suits the farmers’ common understanding. The Kiswahili equivalent formation processes such as compounding and borrowing produced words that could easily be understood by the farmers. However, the equivalents formed through compression and coinage did not satisfy the needs of the farmers. To some extent, the translation techniques used in the sampled texts seemed relevant to the farmers. It is recommended that the impact of loan words or transferred words from the source language to the message in the target language and the way the readership perceives them should be examined
Mdhihiriko wa Kilongo cha Wanawake katika Jukwaa la Instagramu: Je, ni Mikakati ya Kujikomboa?
Full text linkMakala hii inabainisha namna kilongo cha wanawake katika jukwaa la Instagramu kinavyotumika kimkakati kuhamasisha wanawake kujikwamua kiuchumi, kijamii, na kielimu nchini Tanzania. Makala imeongozwa na mkabala wa kitaamuli kwa kutumia matini zilizochaguliwa kimakusudi kutoka katika jukwaa la Instagramu. Uchunganuzi wa data umeongozwa na Nadharia ya Uchanganuzi Tunduizi Kilongo. Data kutoka jukwaa la Instagramu zilikusanywa kwa njia ya uchanganuzi matini, ambapo sentensi, maneno, virai, tamathali za semi, semi mbalimbali, na kaulimbiu zilikusanywa kadri zilivyotumiwa na wanawake. Matokeo ya utafiti yanaonesha kuwa uteuzi wa mtindo, ruwaza za kiisimu, na mada unaendana na mabadiliko ya shughuli mbalimbali zinazofanywa na wanawake. Aidha, wanawake wanateua misamiati, sentensi, viambishi vya viwakilishi, tamathali za semi, kuchagiza umuhimu wa elimu kwa wanawake, ushujaa, uhuru wa kifedha, kujenga urafiki, na kuhamasisha mapambano dhidi ya hali zao duni. Pendekezo la makala hii ni kwamba, kwa vile utafiti huu ulihusisha wanawake tu, tafiti zingine zinaweza kufanywa zikijumuisha matumizi ya lugha kwa wanawake na wanaume katika mitandao ya kijamii
Linguistic Difficulties of Using English as a Language of Instruction: A Reflection on Tanzanian University Lecturers
Full text linkThis paper investigates the linguistic difficulties faced by the University lecturers who teach science subjects using EMI in Tanzanian Universities particularly the University of Dodoma (UDOM) and St. John’s University of Tanzania (SJUT) of Dodoma Region - Tanzania. Data were collected through questionnaires, observation and interviews from a sample drawn from the College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences (CNMS) and the Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences (FANAS) of UDOM and SJUT, respectively. The study revealed that lecturers face linguistic difficulties, namely tense confusion, code-switching between English and Kiswahili, grammatical errors such as spelling and poor pronunciation, missing important vocabulary which leads into hesitation, difficulties in elaborating some scientific terms to students in Kiswahili since Kiswahili is lacking equivalents of some of these scientific terms; poor response from conversation counterparts as students cannot speak and write confidently and effectively in English. These difficulties are attributed to inadequate exposure to English, the influence of Kiswahili and ECLs and poor educational language policies. This study, therefore, recommends to the policy making stakeholders on declaring English as LoI from nursery school to tertiary levels so as to expose our children to English (FL) earlier at a younger age
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A morphosyntactic and semantic description of augment in Kipangwa
Full text linkhis paper describes the morphosyntactic and semantic meaning of augments in Kipangwa (G64), the pre-prefix that precedes the noun. The main objective was to describe the morphosyntactic and semantic properties of the augment in the Kipangwa. The study was conducted in Ludewa District of Njombe Region in Tanzania. With regard to the research approach, the study employed a qualitative approach. The data for this study were collected through the text collection method. Using this method, the researchers collected sentences with NPs from 18 informants and three storybooks in Kipangwa. These informants were sampled through snowball sampling, while the storybooks in Kipangwa were purposefully sampled. The study reveals that there are augments in Kipangwa, specifically in vowel forms. It also exposes that syntactic and semantic factors mainly trigger the occurrence of augments in Kipangwa nouns. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the specificity and topicality of the noun can influence the function of the augment in Kipangwa. Finally, the study recommends further research into other aspects of augments in Kipangwa
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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