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Examining the Polarity and Convergence of Transcultural Encounters in Gurnah’s Admiring Silence
Full text linkGuided by the post-colonial theory, this study focused on Abdulrazak Gurnah, the Tanzanian novelist’s Admiring Silence (1996). It examined the characters’ cultural polarity and convergences occasioned by transcultural encounters. Being a purely library-based study, it purposively sampled the novel. It was revealed that Gurnah’s Admiring Silence presents cultural encounters among the transcultural characters whose interactions are characterised by both negative and positive aspects. The findings further revealed that where characters find it too difficult to relate with each other due to cultural differences, they resort to silence as a coping mechanism. Despite the interaction imperfections shown by the transcultural characters, this study argues that in a multipolar world, all cultures exist as both divergent and convergent entities, that allow characters to forge meaningful interactions albeit their differences. Despite these cultural differences, they cultivate complementarity or mutual dependability expressed in shared world view for continued interactions. These findings highlight transcultural encounters as a preoccupation in some of Gurnah’s novels. The study concludes that more studies should be conducted on Gurnah’s other novels for the way they treat the reality of interactions in transcultural encounters which characterise the current world with multipolar cultural realities
Uchambuzi wa Matumizi ya Usimulizi kama Mbinu ya Kisanaa katika Vibonzo Jongevu vya Watoto
Full text linkMakala hii inajadili mbinu mbalimbali za usimulizi zinazotumika katika vibonzo jongevu na sababu za kutumika kwake. Makala inabainisha kuwa watunzi hutumia mbinu zifuatazo za usimulizi: usimulizi wa moja kwa moja, usimulizi wa kuhamahama, usomaji wa kitabu, usimulizi wa ndotoni, pamoja na mbinu za kisasa kama usimulizi wa kiteknolojia na matumizi ya ujumbe mfupi. Aina hizi za usimulizi zinasaidia kuunganisha matukio, kusisitiza maudhui, ujenzi wa taharuki, kuhamasisha watoto kupenda kusoma, na kuendeleza utamaduni. Kupitia mifano mbalimbali kutoka katika vibonzo jongevu, makala imebainisha kuwa matumizi ya usimulizi katika vibonzo jongevu hutumika kufafanua hisia na matukio yasiyoelezwa na wahusika, kuunganisha na kusimamia mtiririko wa hadithi, kuelekeza tafsiri ya matukio kwa watazamaji, kutoa mtazamo mpana kwa kueleza hali na mawazo ya wahusika wote, pamoja na kuunda mtindo na utambulisho wa kipekee wa kazi husika. Data zilizozaa makala hii zimepatikana maktabani, ambapo mwandishi alitazama kazi mbalimbali za vibonzo jongevu na kuzifanyia uchambuzi kulingana na mahitaji yake. Nadharia ya Usimulizi wa Fasihi Simulizi imemwongoza mwandishi katika kukusanya na kuchambua data zake. Makala inahimiza ubunifu zaidi katika matumizi ya mbinu hizi kwa maendeleo ya watoto, hasa katika zama hizi za kidijiti ambapo teknolojia ni nyenzo muhimu ya uwasilishaji wa fasihi ya watoto
Re-thinking the Human Security Concept in the Post-Independence Tanzania
Full text linkIn recent decades, the concept of human security has attracted increasing attention from scholars and practitioners. While there is broad agreement on its normative goals, such as the protection and empowerment of individuals, significant disagreements persist regarding the social realities it addresses, its conceptual evolution, and the conditions under which it becomes institutionalised. Drawing on a literature review, this article examines the multiple meanings attributed to the concept of human security and its evolution in Tanzania’s policy domains. It argues that, while human security gained international recognition in the 1990s, it resonates strongly with Tanzania’s historical and policy experiences
Toni Inavyoathiri Urefu wa Irabu za Viambishi-Awali vya Nomino za Kiswahili
Full text linkMakala hii inachunguza kwa nini baadhi ya nomino za Kiswahili zina viambishi-awali vyenye irabu ndefu ilhali viambishi-awali hivyohivyo vikisikika kuwa na irabu fupi kwenye nomino zingine. Irabu ndefu za viambishi-awali si jambo geni kwenye nomino za Kiswahili. Zinaweza kusababishwa na milolongo ya konsonanti au kuungana kwa irabu. Hata hivyo, si kila irabu ndefu kwenye viambishi-awali vya nomino hutokana na michakato hiyo. Utafiti ulifanywa ili kujua sababu zingine za kutokea irabu ndefu kwenye viambishi-awali vya baadhi ya nomino za Kiswahili. Data zilikusanywa kutoka maandikoni na uwandani, zikiwa nomino zenye viambishi-awali vilivyo na irabu. Nomino hizo zilitamkwa na wasemaji wa Kiswahili wa Zanzibar. Matamshi yao yalichakatwa kwa programu ya kompyuta ili kubainisha nyakaa za irabu zinazotokea kwenye viambishi-awali. Uchanganuzi wa data uliongozwa na dhana ya urefu, urefushaji, na ufupishaji. Matokeo ya uchanganuzi yanaonyesha kuwapo kundi dogo la nomino za Kiswahili zenye viambishi-awali vyenye irabu ndefu. Inadhaniwa kuwa irabu hizo ndefu zilisababishwa na ruwaza za toni zilizokuwapo katika Mame-Bantu. Ingawa Kiswahili kimeshapoteza ruwaza za toni kilizozirithi kutoka Mame-Bantu, inadhaniwa kuwa nacho kilikuwa kikirefusha irabu za viambishi-awali vya baadhi ya nomino ili zitangamane na ruwaza za toni kwenye maumbo ya baadhi ya nomino za lugha hiyo ya kale. Kuwapo kwa nomino hizi chache zenye viambishi-awali vyenye irabu ndefu ni ushahidi mmojawapo uliobaki wa kuwapo kwa ruwaza za toni katika Kiswahili baada ya kutokea mabadiliko ya kihistoria katika lugha hii
The Fragility of Ethnic Bloc Voting: Patronage, Populism, Clientelism, and Voter Agency in Mt. Kenya GEMA Region in 2022 Elections
Full text linkKenya’s August 2022 general election marked an unprecedented political moment, as the sitting President Uhuru Kenyatta campaigned against his own deputy, William Ruto, in favour of a long-time opposition leader, Raila Odinga. Focusing on the Mount Kenya (Mt. Kenya) region, this article examines the fragility of ethnic bloc voting and the role of voter agency in shaping electoral outcomes. Drawing on a qualitative case study of the Gikuyu-Embu-Meru (GEMA) counties, the analysis shows that, despite sustained elite pressure and direct appeals from the sitting President Kenyatta, voters overwhelmingly rejected his preferred successor, Odinga of the Azimio la Umoja Coalition Party, and delivered decisive support to Ruto’s United Democratic Alliance (UDA), under the Kenya Kwanza Coalition. The findings demonstrate that this outcome reflected neither automatic ethnic loyalty nor elite orchestration, but deliberate voter calculations informed by economic grievances, perceptions of elite exclusion, and evaluations of competing political narratives. Ruto’s “hustler versus dynasty” populist frame resonated by enabling voters to reinterpret patronage politics and assert autonomy against perceived elite imposition. The article argues that the 2022 Mt. Kenya vote exposes the limits of ethnic headcounts and highlights voters’ capacity to defect and strategically realign. While ethnic identity remains politically salient, the case underscores how voter agency can disrupt elite expectations within historically cohesive ethnic blocs
Political Party Crises and the Implications for Democratic Governance in Nigeria
Full text linkWhereas institutions and structures of governance in Nigeria have the features and capacity to function according to democratic processes and norms, their outputs over the years have been far below expectations, hence the persistent cry by people for tangible dividends of democracy from successive governments. This situation is linked to several factors, including corruption and government waste, which have been widely discussed in prior research. This study examines how internal party crises have contributed to the challenges Nigeria has faced in democratic governance. It adopts a qualitative research design involving secondary data sources, which are content analysed. It argues that persistent internal party crises distract ruling political parties from performing their core functions of governance and fulfilling campaign promises, while weakening opposition parties, rendering them incapable of effectively holding the government accountable. The study contributes to the burgeoning literature on party politics in Nigeria by showing why political parties have yielded few democratic dividends despite decades of the country’s uninterrupted democratic experience since 1999
Tathmini ya Tafsiri ya Majina ya Pekee ya Watu kutoka Kiswahili kwenda Gᴉrᴉmi: Mifano kutoka Agano Jipya
Full text linkTafsiri ni muhimu sana kwa sababu inaunganisha watu wanaozungumza lugha tofauti. Majina ya pekee ya watu ni kipengele muhimu pia cha kutafsiriwa kwa sababu humbainisha mwenye jina na kuwasilisha ujumbe unaobebwa na mwenye jina hilo. Makala hii inatathmini tafsiri ya majina ya pekee ya watu kutoka Agano Jipya la Kiswahili kwenda Agano Jipya kwa Gᴉrᴉmi. Nadharia ya Ulinganifu wa Kimawasiliano imetumika katika tathmini hiyo. Data zilizotumika kwenye makala hii zimekusanywa kwa njia ya uchambuzi matini na usaili. Makala inaonesha kwamba mikakati inayotumika kutafsiri majina katika matini teule ni miwili ambayo ni unakilishaji na utohozi wa majina. Hata hivyo, unakilishaji sauti una dosari kadhaa kwa sababu ya kuhamishia fonolojia na mofolojia ya Kiswahili katika Gᴉrᴉmi. Pia, kuna upungufu katika tafsiri ya majina hayo ambao unatokana na kubadilishwa kwa sauti kusikotabirika, tafsiri kuegemea zaidi katika Kiingereza badala ya Kiswahili ambayo ni matini chanzi mama, na kukosekana kwa urari katika kutafsiri jina moja. Makala hii inapendekeza tafsiri ya majina ya pekee ya watu kutoka lugha moja kwenda nyingine kufanyika kwa usahihi na urari ili dhima inayobebwa na majina hayo iweze kuakisiwa katika matini lengwa
Terrorism and Violations of Women’s Rights in Mali (2015-2020)
Full text linkGlobally, terrorism has constituted a threat to human rights in different dimensions. Mali is no exception, and women have become more vulnerable to this threat. Drawing from desktop research and feminist security theory as its explanatory framework, this article argues that terrorism in Mali exacerbates women's vulnerabilities, limiting their access to fundamental rights and services. Under siege of terrorism, women are reportedly subjected to sexual assault, enslaved and used as instruments of suicide bombing and weapons of war. Equally, terrorism has affected fundamental comforts of life such as access to good health care, education, and employment opportunities, thus subjecting women to the violent extremist Islamic ideologies perpetuated by the terrorist groups. From the unfolding, the article concludes that failure in combating terrorism risks sustained infringement on women’s rights. It recommends gender-based counter-terrorism strategies in addition to enhancing ongoing government efforts to combat terrorism in the country
Mdhihiriko wa Kilongo cha Wanawake katika Jukwaa la Instagramu: Je, ni Mikakati ya Kujikomboa?
Full text linkMakala hii inabainisha namna kilongo cha wanawake katika jukwaa la Instagramu kinavyotumika kimkakati kuhamasisha wanawake kujikwamua kiuchumi, kijamii, na kielimu nchini Tanzania. Makala imeongozwa na mkabala wa kitaamuli kwa kutumia matini zilizochaguliwa kimakusudi kutoka katika jukwaa la Instagramu. Uchunganuzi wa data umeongozwa na Nadharia ya Uchanganuzi Tunduizi Kilongo. Data kutoka jukwaa la Instagramu zilikusanywa kwa njia ya uchanganuzi matini, ambapo sentensi, maneno, virai, tamathali za semi, semi mbalimbali, na kaulimbiu zilikusanywa kadri zilivyotumiwa na wanawake. Matokeo ya utafiti yanaonesha kuwa uteuzi wa mtindo, ruwaza za kiisimu, na mada unaendana na mabadiliko ya shughuli mbalimbali zinazofanywa na wanawake. Aidha, wanawake wanateua misamiati, sentensi, viambishi vya viwakilishi, tamathali za semi, kuchagiza umuhimu wa elimu kwa wanawake, ushujaa, uhuru wa kifedha, kujenga urafiki, na kuhamasisha mapambano dhidi ya hali zao duni. Pendekezo la makala hii ni kwamba, kwa vile utafiti huu ulihusisha wanawake tu, tafiti zingine zinaweza kufanywa zikijumuisha matumizi ya lugha kwa wanawake na wanaume katika mitandao ya kijamii
Responsiveness of the Exemption Measure in Providing Healthcare Services among Older Persons in the Lindi Region, Tanzania
Full text linkThis study assessed the responsiveness of the exemption measure in providing healthcare services among older persons in the Lindi region. A cross-sectional research design using a mixed approach was conducted among 369 older persons (60+) living in Nachingwea and Kilwa districts. Data were collected through a questionnaire covering seven non-health aspects of care, based on the WHO responsiveness assessment framework. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the variable distribution, while binary logistic regression analysed the association between variables and Health Systems Responsiveness. The strength of association was determined using an adjusted OR (AOR) with a 95% CI, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. The overall responsiveness of the exemption measure was 60% poor. The choice (94.3%) and autonomy (70.8%) domains performed poorly, whereas confidentiality (84.7%) and dignity (54.7%) showed good performance. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that sex (AOR 0.578, 95% CI: 0.358-0.931), education (AOR 2.313, 95% CI: 1.116-1.549), specialists (AOR 1.614, 95% CI: 1.339-2.448), and place of residence (AOR 6.195, 95% CI: 3.591-10.687) were significantly associated with the responsiveness performance. Based on the findings, the exemption measure performed poorly in service provision to more than half of older persons. The Ministry of Health should expand geriatric services in public facilities and improve the choice of care and autonomy in healthcare provision