7 research outputs found
Superconductor spintronics: Modeling spin and charge accumulation in out-of-equilibrium NS junctions subjected to Zeeman magnetic fields
No full text20 pages, 11 figures, new sections added, title, abstract, and introduction fully rewritten, new author added to the collaborationWe study the spin and charge accumulation in junctions between a superconductor and a ferromagnet or a normal metal in the presence of a Zeeman magnetic field, when the junction is taken out of equilibrium by applying a voltage bias. We write down the most general form for the spin and charge current in such junctions, taking into account all spin-resolved possible tunneling processes. We make use of these forms to calculate the spin accumulation in NS junctions subjected to a DC bias, and to an AC bias, sinusoidal or rectangular. We observe that in the limit of negligeable changes on the superconducting gap, the NS dynamical conductance is insensitive to spin imbalance. Therefore to probe the spin accumulation in the superconductor, one needs to separate the injection and detection point, i. e. the electrical spin detection must be non-local. We address also the effect of the spin accumulation induced in the normal leads by driving a spin current and its effects on the detection of the spin accumulation in the superconductor. Finally, we investigate the out-of-equilibrium spin susceptibility of the SC, and we show that it deviates drastically from it's equilibrium value
Strategy for the Management of Uncomplicated Retinal Detachments
No full textObjective: To study success and failure in the treatment of uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs). Design: Nonrandomized, multicenter retrospective study. Participants: One hundred seventy-six surgeons from 48 countries spanning 5 continents provided information on the primary procedures for 7678 cases of RRDs including 4179 patients with uncomplicated RRDs. Methods: Reported data included specific clinical findings, the method of repair, and the outcome after intervention. Main Outcome Measures: Final failure of retinal detachment repair (level 1 failure rate), remaining silicone oil at the study's conclusion (level 2 failure rate), and need for additional procedures to repair the detachment (level 3 failure rate). Results: Four thousand one hundred seventy-nine uncomplicated cases of RRD were included. Combining phakic, pseudophakic, and aphakic groups, those treated with scleral buckle alone (n = 1341) had a significantly lower final failure rate than those treated with vitrectomy, with or without a supplemental buckle (n = 2723; P = 0.04). In phakic patients, final failure rate was lower in the scleral buckle group compared with those who had vitrectomy, with or without a supplemental buckle (P = 0.028). In pseudophakic patients, the failure rate of the initial procedure was lower in the vitrectomy group compared with the scleral buckle group (P = 3×10-8). There was no statistically significant difference in failure rate between segmental (n = 721) and encircling (n = 351) buckles (P = 0.5). Those who underwent vitrectomy with a supplemental scleral buckle (n = 488) had an increased failure rate compared with those who underwent vitrectomy alone (n = 2235; P = 0.048). Pneumatic retinopexy was found to be comparable with scleral buckle when a retinal hole was present (P = 0.65), but not in cases with a flap tear (P = 0.034). Conclusions: In the treatment of uncomplicated phakic retinal detachments, repair using scleral buckle may be a good option. There was no significant difference between segmental versus 360-degree buckle. For pseudophakic uncomplicated retinal detachments, the surgeon should balance the risks and benefits of vitrectomy versus scleral buckle and keep in mind that the single-surgery reattachment rate may be higher with vitrectomy. However, if a vitrectomy is to be performed, these data suggest that a supplemental buckle is not helpful. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. © 2013 American Academy of Ophthalmology
Strategy for the Management of Complex Retinal Detachments
No full textObjective: To study the outcome of the treatment of complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs). Design: Nonrandomized, multicenter, retrospective study. Participants: One hundred seventy-six surgeons from 48 countries spanning 5 continents reported primary procedures for 7678 RRDs. Methods: Reported data included clinical manifestations, the method of repair, and the outcome. Main Outcome Measures: Failure of retinal detachment repair (level 1 failure rate), remaining silicone oil at the study's conclusion (level 2 failure rate), and need for additional procedures to repair the detachments (level 3 failure rate). Results: The main categories of complex retinal detachments evaluated in this investigation were: (1) grade B proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR; n = 917), (2) grade C-1 PVR (n = 637), (3) choroidal detachment or significant hypotony (n = 578), (4) large or giant retinal tears (n = 1167), and (5) macular holes (n = 153). In grade B PVR, the level 1 failure rate was higher when treated with a scleral buckle alone versus vitrectomy (P = 0.0017). In grade C-1 PVR, there was no statistically significant difference in the level 1 failure rate between those treated with vitrectomy, with or without scleral buckle, and those treated with scleral buckle alone (P = 0.7). Vitrectomy with a supplemental buckle had an increased failure rate compared with those who did not receive a buckle (P = 0.007). There was no statistically significant difference in level 1 failure rate between tamponade with gas versus silicone oil in patients with grade B or C-1 PVR. Cases with choroidal detachment or hypotony treated with vitrectomy had a significantly lower failure rate versus treatment with scleral buckle alone (P = 0.0015). Large or giant retinal tears treated with vitrectomy also had a significantly lower failure rate versus treatment with scleral buckle (P = 7×10-8). Conclusions: In patients with retinal detachment, when choroidal detachment, hypotony, a large tear, or a giant tear is present, vitrectomy is the procedure of choice. In retinal detachments with PVR, tamponade with either gas or silicone oil can be considered. If a vitrectomy is to be performed, these data suggest that a supplemental buckle may not be helpful. Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. © 2013 American Academy of Ophthalmology
Strategy for the management of complex retinal detachments: the European vitreo-retinal society retinal detachment study report 2
No full textOBJECTIVE:
To study the outcome of the treatment of complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRDs).
DESIGN:
Nonrandomized, multicenter, retrospective study.
PARTICIPANTS:
One hundred seventy-six surgeons from 48 countries spanning 5 continents reported primary procedures for 7678 RRDs.
METHODS:
Reported data included clinical manifestations, the method of repair, and the outcome.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Failure of retinal detachment repair (level 1 failure rate), remaining silicone oil at the study's conclusion (level 2 failure rate), and need for additional procedures to repair the detachments (level 3 failure rate).
RESULTS:
The main categories of complex retinal detachments evaluated in this investigation were: (1) grade B proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR; n = 917), (2) grade C-1 PVR (n = 637), (3) choroidal detachment or significant hypotony (n = 578), (4) large or giant retinal tears (n = 1167), and (5) macular holes (n = 153). In grade B PVR, the level 1 failure rate was higher when treated with a scleral buckle alone versus vitrectomy (P = 0.0017). In grade C-1 PVR, there was no statistically significant difference in the level 1 failure rate between those treated with vitrectomy, with or without scleral buckle, and those treated with scleral buckle alone (P = 0.7). Vitrectomy with a supplemental buckle had an increased failure rate compared with those who did not receive a buckle (P = 0.007). There was no statistically significant difference in level 1 failure rate between tamponade with gas versus silicone oil in patients with grade B or C-1 PVR. Cases with choroidal detachment or hypotony treated with vitrectomy had a significantly lower failure rate versus treatment with scleral buckle alone (P = 0.0015). Large or giant retinal tears treated with vitrectomy also had a significantly lower failure rate versus treatment with scleral buckle (P = 7×10(-8)).
CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with retinal detachment, when choroidal detachment, hypotony, a large tear, or a giant tear is present, vitrectomy is the procedure of choice. In retinal detachments with PVR, tamponade with either gas or silicone oil can be considered. If a vitrectomy is to be performed, these data suggest that a supplemental buckle may not be helpful.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S):
The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article
A Collaborative Retrospective Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant (Ozurdex) in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema The European DME Registry Study
No full textInternational audienc
Clinical Variables Associated with Failure of Retinal Detachment Repair
No full textObjective To identify risk factors associated with failure of anatomic reattachment in primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair. Design Nonrandomized, multicenter, collaborative study. Participants Primary procedures for 7678 rhegmatogenous retinal detachments reported by 176 surgeons from 48 countries. Methods We recorded specific preoperative clinical findings, repair method, and outcome after intervention. We performed univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses to identify variables associated with surgical failure. Main Outcome Measures Final failure of retinal detachment repair (level 1), remaining silicone oil at study conclusion (level 2), and need for additional procedures to repair the detachment (level 3). Results We analyzed 7678 cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair. Presence of choroidal detachment or significant hypotony was associated with significantly higher level 1 failure rates when grade 0 or B proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was present and higher level 2 failure rates, regardless of PVR status (P<0.05). Excluding cases with choroidal detachment or hypotony, increasing PVR was associated with increasing level 1 failure rates. The difference between grade B and C-1 PVR was significant (P = 2 × 10-6). No difference was observed in level 1 failure rates when operated eyes were phakic versus pseudophakic. Level 1 failure was significantly higher when all 4 quadrants of retina (4.4%) were detached than when only 1 quadrant (0.8%) had subretinal fluid. With grade B or C-1 PVR, cases with large or giant tears had significantly higher level 1 failure rates. No association was observed between number of retinal breaks and failure rates. Multivariate analysis showed grade C-1 PVR, 4 detached quadrants, and presence of choroidal detachment or significant hypotony were independently linked with a greater level 1 failure rate; the presence of a smaller retinal break was associated with a lesser level 1 failure rate. Conclusions Choroidal detachment, significant hypotony, grade C-1 PVR, 4 detached quadrants, and large or giant retinal breaks were independent explanatory variables of retinal detachment repair failure. In contrast to earlier studies, the significance of phakic versus pseudophakic status was not confirmed. © 2014 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology
NARRATIVE OF VICTIMS, IMPUNITY AND RELIGIOSITY OF THE MIDDLE SECTORS IN URUGUAY: POSSIBLE CHALLENGES TO THE FIELD OF MEMORY AND HUMAN RIGHTS.
No full textEste artículo profundiza en algunos aspectos de las relaciones entre impunidad, sectores medios y religiosidad en Uruguay a partir de la narrativa pública de un hijo de detenidos desaparecidos, autor best seller, terapeuta gestáltico y neochamán uruguayo. Interesa su producción de carácter autobiográfico, porque permite adentrarse en algunos aspectos dilemáticos que impugnan el sentido común en torno a los conceptos de memoria y justicia, compartidos en el campo de la memoria y los derechos humanos, desde una perspectiva que advierte sobre cómo puede impactar en diversos ámbitos el ethos del confort individual. Escrito en un contexto de pandemia mundial, este texto contribuye a la reflexión sobre las potenciales consecuencias del desarrollo de universos de sentido sobre los pilares del individualismo y la autonomía, y su potencial oposición a la universalidad de los derechos humanos. Al mismo tiempo, evidencia el entrecruzamiento entre religiosidad y política en el Cono Sur a través de la narrativa de una víctima -integrante de la segunda generación-, que construye un proyecto biográfico que hace posible la formación de una familia feliz.Este artigo aprofunda alguns aspectos das relações entre impunidade, setores médios e religiosidade no Uruguai a partir da narrativa pública de um filho de desaparecidos políticos, autor best seller, terapeuta gestáltico e neoxamã uruguaio. Interessa sua produção de caráter autobiográfico porque permite adentrar-se em alguns aspectos dilemáticos que contestam o senso comum em torno dos conceitos de memória e justiça, compartilhados no campo da memória e dos direitos humanos, de uma perspectiva que alerta sobre a forma em que o ethos do conforto individual pode impactar em diversos âmbitos. Este texto, escrito no contexto de uma pandemia mundial, contribui para a reflexão sobre as potenciais consequências do desenvolvimento de universos de sentido sobre os pilares do individualismo e a autonomia, e sua potencial oposição à universalidade dos direitos humanos. Ao mesmo tempo, ele evidencia o entrecruzamento entre religiosidade e política no Cone Sul através da narrativa de uma vítima, integrante da segunda geração, que constrói um projeto biográfico que torna possível a formação de uma família feliz.This article delves into some aspects of the relationship between impunity, middle sectors and religion in Uruguay, based on the public narrative of a group of disappeared detainees, bestselling author, gestalt therapist and Uruguayan neochamán. Its production of an autobiographical nature is of interest, because it allows us to enter into some dilemmatic aspects that challenge the common sense around concepts of memory and justice, shared in the field of memory and human rights, from a perspective that provides insight into how it can impact in different areas the ethos of individual comfort. Written in the context of a world pandemic, this text contributes to a reflection on the potential consequences of the development of universes of meaning on the pillars of individualism and autonomy, and their potential opposition to the universality of human rights. At the same time, it highlights the intersection between religion and politics in the Southern Cone through the narrative of a victim -member of the second generation-, who builds a biographical project that makes possible the formation of a happy family
