18 research outputs found
Partition of respiratory mechanics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and association with outcome: a multicentre clinical study
No full textPURPOSE: In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), physiological parameters associated with outcome may help defining targets for mechanical ventilation. This study aimed to address whether transpulmonary pressures (P(L)), including transpulmonary driving pressure (DP(L)), elastance-derived plateau P(L), and directly-measured end-expiratory P(L), are better associated with 60-day outcome than airway driving pressure (DP(aw)). We also tested the combination of oxygenation and stretch index [PaO(2)/(FiO(2)*DP(aw))]. METHODS: Prospective, observational, multicentre registry of ARDS patients. Respiratory mechanics were measured early after intubation at 6 kg/ml tidal volume. We compared the predictive power of the parameters for mortality at day-60 through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and assessed their association with 60-day mortality through unadjusted and adjusted Cox regressions. Finally, each parameter was dichotomized, and Kaplan–Meier survival curves were compared. RESULTS: 385 patients were enrolled 2 [1–4] days from intubation (esophageal pressure and arterial blood gases in 302 and 318 patients). As continuous variables, DP(aw), DP(L), and oxygenation stretch index were associated with 60-day mortality after adjustment for age and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, whereas elastance-derived plateau P(L) was not. DP(aw) and DP(L) performed equally in ROC analysis (P = 0.0835). DP(aw) had the best-fit Cox regression model. When dichotomizing the variables, DP(aw) ≥ 15, DP(L) ≥ 12, plateau P(L) ≥ 24, and oxygenation stretch index < 10 exhibited lower 60-day survival probability. Directly measured end-expiratory P(L) ≥ 0 was associated with better outcome in obese patients. CONCLUSION: DP(L) was equivalent predictor of outcome than DP(aw). Our study supports the soundness of limiting lung and airway driving pressure and maintaining positive end-expiratory P(L) in obese patients. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00134-022-06724-y
Discourses of Exclusion: A Contemporary Racial Capitalism Analysis of Haitian-Dominican Border Relations
No full textThis thesis examines how Dominican President Luis Abinader discursively constructs Haitian migration as a threat to national sovereignty and economic stability. Using Critical Discourse Analysis, specifically van Dijk’s Ideological Square, it analyzes five presidential speeches (2021–2025), transcribed and translated by the author, to explore how language legitimizes exclusionary migration policies such as deportations, militarized borders, and legal reforms. Guided by the theoretical lens of racial capitalism, the study argues that political discourse reinforces historical hierarchies of race and labor rooted in colonialism. Within this framework, three interlinked discursive mechanisms are analyzed: securitization, which frames Haitian migration as an existential threat; neocolonialism, which portrays Haiti as institutionally failed and in need of external governance; and paternalism, which constructs the Dominican state as a stabilizing force acting in humanitarian interest. By focusing on political discourse in a South–South migration context, this thesis challenges the Global North-centric orientation of much migration scholarship, and it contributes a geographically and theoretically distinct analysis of how language operates as a tool of racialized governance. Ultimately, the study shows how political speech in post-colonial Hispaniola reproduces systems of exclusion under the guise of security, order, and humanitarian concern
Caracterización molecular de Cryptosporidium parvum aislado en bovinos con diarrea neonatal en dos regiones de Chile usando el gen gp60
No full textTesis para optar al Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Animales y Veterinarias mención Ciencias AnimalesLa diarrea neonatal bovina provocada por Cryptosporidium parvum, es una enfermedad parasitaria que produce grandes pérdidas económicas en los rebaños lecheros del mundo. Su principal signo es la presentación de diarrea en bovinos neonatales. menores a 30 días de edad y se caracteriza a una profusa eliminación de ooquistes. El descubrimiento del gen que traduce para la glicoproteína de 60 kDa (gp60) de C. parvum que posee dentro de su genoma un segmento polimórfico hipervariable de codones que traducen para el aminoácido serina, ha servido para el desarrollo de herramientas de epidemiologia molecular por su utilidad para caracterizar distintas subpoblaciones a través de la caracterización de distintos subtipos. En Chile no existen investigaciones basadas en esta glicoproteína y por lo tanto resultó interesante para este trabajo, determinar el o los subtipos presentes en una muestra de heces de bovinos neonatales que presentaron diarrea. Se utilizaron 36 muestras de heces pertenecientes a dos regiones biogeográfica del país: Región Metropolitana (RM) y Región de Los Ríos (RR); previamente diagnósticas como positivas a Cryptosporidium spp mediante tinción de Zielh-Neelsen modificado (ZNm). Las muestras presentaban distinto grado de parasitosis y fueron sometidas a una prueba de Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa convencional (PCR) del gen SSU 18S rDNA (18S) para confirmar su positividad. Veinte y nueve (29/36) muestras resultaron positivas a 18S. Las muestras negativas fueron sometidas a una PCR control de amplificación que resultó en la presencia de 5/7 muestras no amplificadas. Las 29 muestras positivas a 18S fueron sometidas a una PCR para amplificar un fragmento del gen gp60, la cual resultó en 15/29 muestras positivas a este gen. Los amplicones producidos en la PCR gp60, fueron secuenciados y analizados mediante programas bioinformáticos. La caracterización molecular dio como resultado la presencia de un reducido número de subtipos de C. parvum: IIaA15G2R1 (13), IIaA17G2R1 (1) y IIaA17G4R1 (1). La presencia del subtipo IIaA15G2R1 concuerda con la literatura internacional en ser el mayormente representado, siendo el único subtipo presente en las muestras de la RR y estar presente en 3/5 de las muestras de la RM. El subtipo IIaA17G2R1 solo ha sido
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mencionado en dos oportunidades en la literatura internacional en bovinos neonatales, haciendo que esta descripción sea la tercera a nivel mundial. El subtipo IIaA17G4R1 solo ha sido descrito en humanos en la literatura revisada y, por lo tanto, este trabajo haría su primera descripción en bovinos neonatales. Ambos subtipos solo se presentaron en la RM (2/5). Además este estudio confirma la utilidad de la técnica de ZNm al ser más sensible que la PCR 18S en detectar la presencia de Cryptosporidium spp. El presente trabajo fue el primero en determinar el subtipo de C. parvum mediante el secuenciamiento de fragmentos de gp60 en el país y caracterización molecular a través de técnicas bioinformáticas.Neonatal calf diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium parvum, it is a parasitic disease that produce mayor economic loses in worldwide dairy herds. The principal sign is diarrhea in preweaned calves accompanied with profuse oocyst shedding. The discovering of the gene that traduce for the 60 kDa glycoprotein of C. parvum which have a polymorphic hypervariable serine codon fragment, has served for the development of molecular epidemiology tools because the utility in the characterization of subpopulations using different subtypes. There are not such investigations in Chile based in this gene and that was interesting for the author of this work to determine different subtype presents in a small sample of feces from neonatal calves. Using 36 samples from two biogeographical districts: Región Metropolitana (RM) and Región de Los Ríos (RR), previously modified Ziehl Neelsen (mZN) positive, distinct parasitic level was present in the samples and a conventional SSU 18S rDNA (18S) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was made to confirm Cryptosporidium spp. Twenty nine (29/36) samples was 18S positive. Negative samples was submitted to PCR amplification control that turned out in 5/7 not amplified samples. 18S positive samples, was submitted to gp60 PCR that result in 15/29 positive samples. Amplicons produced, were sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics suites. Molecular characterization of the amplicons shows a reduced number of C. parvum subtypes in the samples: IIaA15G2R1 (13), IIaA17G2R1 (1) y IIaA17G4R1 (1). Presence of the IIaA15G2R1 subtype it is accord with de international scientific communications, the most representative C. parvum subtype. This was confirming in RR, which was the unique subtype describe and in RM was present in 3/5 samples. Subtype IIaA17G2R1 only has mentioned twice in neonatal calf, turning this investigation in the third description of the subtype worldwide. Subtype IIaA17G4R1 only been divulgated once in humans, therefore, this investigation would be the first characterization in bovines worldwide. Both subtype was presents in RM but not in RR. Further, this scientific work confirms the utility of mZN over 18S in terms of sensibility. This actual investigation was the first in it type
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to characterize C. parvum subtypes in Chile by the sequencing and analyzing of gp60 gene fragments amplicons.Financiamiento: Proyecto Fondecyt 1121035
Teaching values in the school classroom using Edgar Allan Poe's "The black cat"
No full textSeminario de título (Licenciado en Educación. Profesor de Enseñanza Media en Inglés) -- Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez, 2011It has been observed that the classes of English in the schools attended by the participants in this seminar were frequently and basically related to the teaching of some contextualized grammatical structures, including basic oral practice with a limited participation of all the students. Occasionally, the classes included the revision of some cultural material related to one or two of the most referred to English-speaking countries, namely England and the United States. Most of the time, these three elements are revised as the consequence of using the textbooks supplied or suggested by the Chilean Ministry of Education. Additionally, it has been usually argued by teachers of English that the little time, the number of students per class, the students‘ motivation and the usual preference that high school students show for other subjects, such as Spanish and Mathematics –mainly motivated by their interest in the preparation for the University Standardized Entrance Test or ―Prueba de Selección Universitaria‖, PSU- do not allow a more profound dedication to the teaching of all English abilities as one would expect. It is in this context that the teaching of literary pieces, whether poetry, drama or prose, represents a usually disregarded aspect in the conventional English class. And when it does have a chance to be included in a plan, it is typically seen in a rather superficial manner, where the piece of literature is usually abridged or simply partially studied (i.e., the teacher chooses a stanza, a scene, a chapter or an act to be analyzed by the students). Furthermore, the emphasis in the teaching of the piece of literature being studied is usually placed on the structural analysis and on general comprehension questions and exercises. This is what is described as the Story Grammar Approach (Amer, Ally Anwar, 2003, p. 63), in which ―…The reader interacts with the text and relates ideas from the text to prior experiences to construct meaning. A part of this process requires the reader understands how the author has organized his ideas, i.e. the text structure. ‗Text structure‘ is a term used to describe the various patterns of how concepts within text are related‖. On the other hand, there is a rather new system to get the reader more ―involved‖ in the piece of literature in front of him: the Reader Response Approach (Carlisle, 2000, p.12). What is intended with this approach is to change the perspective of the usual reading and instead of asking typical questions such as ―What is the theme of the story?‖ It would be better to ask about the feelings of the reader when reading a specific section or line of the story. By doing this, there should be a closer relationship between the story and the reader and, probably, some learning might arise from the story. However, neither of these approaches stimulates the use of highschool ESL literature to promote the teaching of values to the students. Although the Reader-Response theory is closer to what this seminar group will propose, it seems interesting to make an attempt to provide the students with a chance to analyze a piece of literature from a deeper point of view, i.e. the study of values and anti-values as a way to help the reader gain not only in the academic aspect but also in his or her growth as a person. In this context, it becomes necessary that the programs and plans of the Chilean educational system, include the appropriate awareness and appreciation of literature as a resource to achieve the ―Transversal Fundamental Objectives” (TFO‘s) proposed by the Ministry of Education; this means that, according to the opinion of the group, it is essential to make an effective and ample use of literary pieces to teach values in the classrooms. The thesis below is an attempt to prove the real effectiveness of using a literary work, to accomplish the values that should be acquired by the students
Topographic Arrangement of the Rotundo-entopallial Projection in the Pigeon (Columba livia)
No full textThe tectofugal pathway (retina – optic tectum – nucleus
rotundus – entopallium) is a prominent route mediating
visual discrimination in diurnal birds. Several lines of
evidence have shown that at the tecto-rotundal stage
this pathway is composed of multiple parallel channels.
Anatomical studies show that the nucleus rotundus is
composed of at least four subdivisions, according to differences
in cytoarchitectonic, histochemical, and hodological
properties. Each of these subdivisions is in
receipt of a highly convergent, nontopographic tectal
projection, originating from a distinct subset of tectorotundal
neurons. Physiological studies show that neurons
of different subdivisions respond specifically to different
visual dimensions, such as color, luminance, twodimensional
motion, and in-depth motion. At present it
is less clear whether or to what extent this channel
segregation is preserved at the telencephalic stage of
the tectofugal pathway. The entopallium shows no
obvious subdivisions or laminations. Nevertheless, tracttracing
experiments show that separate portions of the
entopallium receive efferent projections from different
rotundal subdivisions, in a way that maintains the rostrocaudal
order of these subdivisions. In the present
study we investigate in detail the topography of the
rotundo-entopallial projection by means of anterograde
and retrograde neuronal tracers. Our results confirm
the zonal topography proposed by previous studies and
indicate that each zone in the entopallium receives a
direct and topographically organized projection from its
corresponding rotundal subdivision. These results suggest
that the spatial arrangement of the different rotundal
functional modules is preserved at the entopallial
level.Fondecyt; Grant numbers: 1030522, 1080094, 1080220
A data monitoring strategy based in snapshots for the score calculation in the housing distribution
No full textDuelo por enfermedad terminal
No full textConocer cómo las personas que cuidan y acompañan a pacientes con enfermedad terminal en la vejez, viven el duelo examinando las reacciones según la teoría de Worden (2013) y cómo interactúan con cada una de las tareas descritas por el mismo autor. Además, se mencionarán las reacciones normales y anormales, los tipos de duelo complicado que pueden manifestarse en este contexto, los determinantes, los mediadores, los principios de asesoramiento propuestos por el mismo autor y dos técnicas que pueden ser útiles a la hora de acompañar un proceso de duelo por enfermedad terminal.To know how people who care for and accompany patients with terminal illness in old age experience grief by examining their reactions according to Worden's theory (2013) and how they interact with each of the tasks described by the same author. In addition, normal and abnormal reactions will be mentioned, the types of complicated grief that can manifest in this context, the determinants, the mediators, the counseling principles proposed by the same author and two techniques that can be useful when accompanying a grieving process due to terminal illness.Introducción --
Metodología --
Ensayo --
Conclusiones generales.PregradoPsicólog
Automatic detection of reverse-triggering related asynchronies during mechanical ventilation in ARDS patients using flow and pressure signals
No full textLas emergencias espirituales como experiencias de transformación personal
No full textEn este trabajo se presenta el tema de las emergencias espirituales a partir del relato personal. Comenzando por referentes teóricos relevantes sobre las emergencias espirituales y los estados expandidos de consciencia y continuando por una autoetnografía que se sumerge a un viaje interno de descubrimiento. En el presente trabajo se exploran las diferentes etapas de la emergencia espiritual, desde la confusión inicial hasta la aceptación y la integración de nuevas perspectivas y creencias. A partir de experiencias místicas y reflexiones profundas la autora logra trascender sus propias
limitaciones y consigue abrazar una comprensión más amplia de sí misma y el mundo que le rodea, logrando una transformación en la identidad y en el propósito de vida. Esta autoetnografía ofrece una visión íntima y reflexiva de cómo una emergencia espiritual puede ser un catalizador poderoso para el desarrollo personal y espiritual.This paper presents the topic of spiritual emergencies from a personal account. Beginning with relevant theoretical references on spiritual emergencies and expanded states of consciousness, and continuing with an autoethnography that delves into an internal journey of discovery.
This paper explores the different stages of spiritual emergency, from initial confusion to acceptance and integration of new perspectives and beliefs. Through mystical experiences and deep reflections, the author manages to transcend her own limitations and embrace a broader understanding of herself and the world around her, achieving a transformation in identity and purpose in life. This autoethnography offers an intimate and reflective view of how a spiritual emergency can be a powerful catalyst for personal and spiritual development.Introducción / Capítulo 1. Problematizando las emergencias espirituales / Planteamiento del problema / Justificación / Objetivos de investigación / Objetivo general / Objetivos específicos / Pregunta de investigación / Capítulo 2. Referentes conceptuales / La experiencia / Las emergencias espirituales / Causas de las emergencias espirituales / Categorías principales de emergencias espirituales / Posibles problemas durante las emergencias espirituales / Recomendaciones y estrategias frente a una emergencia espiritual / Prácticas de transformación / Capítulo 3. Referentes metodológicos / Metodología / Método / Estrategia de recolección de datos / Descripción del innacer / Capítulo 4. Inmersión en campo / Contexto e inmersión al entorno / Explorando el origen. Epifanías / Concretando lo vivido / La experiencia trascendental. Momentos de conexión profunda y revelación / El llamado interior. Reconociendo la importancia de las emergencias espirituales para el desarrollo personal / Capítulo 5. Reflexiones y análisis de la información / Capítulo 6. Conclusiones y recomendaciones / BibliografíaMaestríaLa metodología que he empleado para este estudio es de enfoque cualitativo, el cual, según Hernández-Sampieri y Mendoza Torres (2018), se basa en áreas o temas significativos
y no necesariamente requiere preguntas de investigación e hipótesis claras antes de la recolección y análisis de los datos. El objetivo principal en esta metodología es descubrir y perfeccionar las preguntas de investigación más importantes y responderlas. De esta manera, la presente investigación cualitativa, implicó una interacción dinámica entre los hechos y su interpretación. Se centró, especialmente en la comprensión profunda y detallada del fenómeno social a través de la propia interpretación de mis perspectivas y experiencias.Magister en Culturas y Drog
