1,720,979 research outputs found
Flexibility policies in the Italian labour market: some effects of the Treu reform
Full text linkIn last two decades, countries characterized by high levels of employment protection legislation (EPL) have introduced flexibility policies, in order to reduce elevated and persistent unemployment rates. European policy makers implemented reforms "at the margin", allowing for reduced protection only for some new contractual forms (called atypical contracts), characterized by lower firing costs. In Italy the first reform "at the margin" was implemented with the introduction of the Treu Law (L. 196/97), which introduced temporary contracts and made fixed-term contracts more widely allowed, in order to make the labour market more dynamic and to decrease the unemployment rate. To best of my knowledge, my thesis represents the first attempt to evaluate the
effects of the Treu Reform on the Italian labour market. It is constituted by three chapters.
The first of them consists in a survey in which I present a summary of framework approaches to analyse these policies and the more important implication of them for the labour market. Theoretical studies predict and the empirical studies show that the reforms affected various dimensions of the labour markets. In general, flexibility policies seem to fail their main aims. Effects were unclear with respect to unemployment rate, they were substantially negative on career development, and an increased duality arose in terms of wage and probability of leaving unemployment. The second and third chapters consist of two empirical frameworks that analyse
some effects of the larger use of atypical contracts on various dimensions of the labour market. Both papers use micro-data for young individuals drawn from WHIP (Work Histories Italian Panel, Laboratorio R. Revelli) dataset. WHIP provides monthly information on job relationships and allow me to distinguish among three possible states: permanent contracts (PC), atypical contracts (AC), and non working state (NW)
Aspetti socioeconomici della disabilità: lavoro, reddito e politiche. Il caso italiano nel contesto internazionale
Full text linkLa condizione di disabilità è un fenomeno rilevante che determina una varietà di ricadute negative sulla vita di individui e famiglie. Partendo dalle evidenze emerse dalla letteratura scientifica nazionale e internazionale, la presente monografia analizza gli effetti della disabilità sulla condizione lavorativa e reddituale e evidenzia il ruolo svolto dalle politiche di supporto.
La monografia, “Aspetti socioeconomici della disabilità: lavoro, reddito e politiche”, nell’inquadrare lo svantaggio connesso alla condizione di disabilità, descrive i meccanismi alla base di tale svantaggio e sottolinea pregi e difetti delle politiche adottate.
Successivamente, si concentra sulla situazione italiana, tenendo in considerazione gli sviluppi istituzionali e legislativi collegandosi anche alle disposizioni degli organismi internazionali. La monografia, pur preservando un linguaggio tecnico, espone i propri risultati in una modalità accessibile anche all’ambito non accademico. Essa, quindi, costituisce un elemento di consultazione per coloro che, nell’assumere decisioni di ordine pratico-applicativo, volessero avere conoscenza del background teorico e dei risultati empirici che emergono dalla ricerca scientifica socioeconomica in tema di disabilità
Primary-school class composition and the development of social capital
Full text linkWe study the development of social capital through adult civic engagement, in relation to social capital exposure having occurred during childhood based on experiences outside the family at primary school. We assume that the types of classmates in attendance at a child's school would have influenced her/his social capital. To identify the types of classmates, we take advantage of the heterogeneity in the ability levels of British primary-school classes during the 1960s. At that time, some schools were practicing a method of streaming, whereas others were not. Using British National Child Development data, we construct a single score of civic engagement and evaluate the effect on adult civic engagement of attending homogeneous-ability classes versus nonhomogeneous-ability classes and being in high-, average- or low-ability classes when enrolled in streamed schools. Our results show that children who were grouped in homogeneous-ability classes developed a lower interest in civic engagement than their peers who attended mixed-ability classes (nonstreamed schools). Moreover, among children who attended streamed schools, a lower attitude toward civic engagement was observed among low-ability students. Thus, streaming appears to be detrimental to social capital development, especially for low-ability individuals
Disability, life satisfaction and social interaction in Italy
Full text linkThis paper will focus on the living conditions of disabled people with different degree of limitations as regards to daily activities. In a first step of analysis we focus on the predictors of four specific domains of life satisfaction. In a second step, we attempt to define the different well-being dimensions of disabled people by using the indicators available in the 2011 ISTAT Survey on social inclusion of people with disabilities and by comparing the well-being attainments with respect to the different levels of functional limitations. Given the relevance of social interaction in the life satisfaction of individuals, we focus on this dimension of well-being by analysing the effect of functional limitations on its development, measured by using the observable indicators on the satisfaction of interaction with friends and relatives, the extent of this interaction, and frequency and satisfaction on internet use
Skill Mismatch of Graduates in a Local Labour Market
Full text linkIn this paper we first review the (potential and actual) role of the Universities for the local economies
in which they operate, especially considering the implications deriving from the degree of skill mismatch
(over-education) in a local labour market. Then, in the second part of the paper, we realise an empirical investigation
based on administrative information of an Italian University matched with the data of the job
centres of the local (provincial) labour market in order to reconstruct the characteristics of the university-to-work
transitions of graduates. Our results have important policy implications, since for local development
it is crucial, among other things, to make the best use of all human resources and especially those with
the highest educational level
Characteristics of parents and the unemployment duration of their offspring. Evidence from Italy
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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