1,720,960 research outputs found
El impacto del TLCAN en el sector agroalimentario: Evaluación a 10 años
No full textIntroducción El tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá (TLCAN) cumplió el 31 de diciembre de 2003 su décimo años de vigencia, lo que significa que prácticamente todos los productos agropecuarios quedaron libres de una protección arancelaria en el comercio entre los tres países; únicamente el maíz, el frijol y la leche cuentan con esquemas de defensa negociados. Estos hechos hacen urgente una evaluación de los impactos y resultados del TLCAN para los sectores productivos en México, en este caso del sector agroalimentario. El presente texto tiene la inteción de documentar y precisar los impactos económicos y sociales, presentes y futuros, del TLCAN- Capítulo VII. Agropecuario con la finalidad de justificar con datos objetivos la emergente necesidad de su revisión para negociar y establecer mecanismos de protección de algunos productos agropecuarios
El impacto del TLCAN en el sector agroalimentario: Evaluación a 10 años
No full textIntroducción El tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte entre México, Estados Unidos y Canadá (TLCAN) cumplió el 31 de diciembre de 2003 su décimo años de vigencia, lo que significa que prácticamente todos los productos agropecuarios quedaron libres de una protección arancelaria en el comercio entre los tres países; únicamente el maíz, el frijol y la leche cuentan con esquemas de defensa negociados. Estos hechos hacen urgente una evaluación de los impactos y resultados del TLCAN para los sectores productivos en México, en este caso del sector agroalimentario. El presente texto tiene la inteción de documentar y precisar los impactos económicos y sociales, presentes y futuros, del TLCAN- Capítulo VII. Agropecuario con la finalidad de justificar con datos objetivos la emergente necesidad de su revisión para negociar y establecer mecanismos de protección de algunos productos agropecuarios
Agroecological production experiences in four agricultural regions of Mexico
Get PDFObjective: Analyze the experiences of various activities and practices that are carried in different agroecological regions of Mexico, in various crops and without, and use of chemicals.
Design/methodology/approach: Surveys were conducted in four agricultural regions of Mexico (Texcoco, State of Mexico, Vicente Guerrero, Tlaxcala, Michoacán, and Tetela del Volcan, Morelos); related to the general description, antecedents, inputs, and agroecological practices, which allowed a descriptive analysis to be carried out.
Results: 60.00% of the agroecological units belong to the common land tenure system and 40.00% to the small property. The producers are between 25 and 68 years old. The plots are from 0.50 to 20.00 ha. Of surface. The main crops were corn (Zea mays ssp. Mays) and avocado (Persea americana Mill.). 45.00% is temporary and 36.00% is irrigated / temporary. Half carry out crop rotation and 40.00% crop association. In more than 15 years of experience, they went from 59.00% using chemicals to 95.00% without using chemical herbicides. Crop nutrition is based on elements such as compost (27.00%), manure (23.00%). 50.00% manage pests and diseases through agroecological practices. 68.18% have technical advice, and 77.27% know the decree to reduce the use of glyphosate.
Limitations on study/implications: 13.60% are in transition, and still carry out chemical control of pests and diseases, as well as chemical fertilization.
Findings/conclusions: It is possible to grow crops with respect for biodiversity, use of local resources, be friendly to the environment, soil conservation, and obtain healthy food.Objective: To analyze experiences with various activities and practices carried out in different agroecologicalregions of Mexico, involving diverse crops, but excluding the use of chemicals.Design/Methodology/Approach: Surveys were conducted in four agricultural regions of Mexico (Texcoco,Estado de México; Vicente Guerrero, Tlaxcala; Michoacan; and Tetela del Volcán, Morelos); they tackled abroad description, background, inputs, and agroecological practices, in order to enable a descriptive analysis.Results: Out of all the agroecological units, 60% are ejidos and 40% are small private properties. Producersare between 25 and 68 years old. Plots range from 0.50 to 20 ha. The main crops are corn (Zea mays ssp. mays)and avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Forty-five percent of the crops are rainfed and 36% are irrigated/rainfed.Half of the producers perform crop rotation, while 40% prefers crop association. After 15 years of experience,the number of producers who did not use chemical herbicides increased from 59% to 95%. Crop nutrition isbased on such elements as compost (27%) and manure (23%). Fifty percent of the producers manage pests anddiseases through agroecological practices. Sixty-eight-point-two percent receive technical advice, while 77.3%are familiar with the decree to phase out the use of glyphosate.Study Limitations/Implications: Currently, 13.6% of producers are still transitioning and continue toperform chemical control of pests and diseases, as well as chemical fertilization.Findings/Conclusions: It is indeed possible to produce crops and obtain healthy food while caring forbiodiversity, making use of environmental-friendly local resources, and achieving soil conservation
Agroecological production experiences in four agricultural regions of Mexico
Get PDFObjective: To analyze experiences with various activities and practices carried out in different agroecological regions of Mexico, involving diverse crops, but excluding the use of chemicals.Design/Methodology/Approach: Surveys were conducted in four agricultural regions of Mexico (Texcoco, Estado de México; Vicente Guerrero, Tlaxcala; Michoacan; and Tetela del Volcán, Morelos); they tackled a broad description, background, inputs, and agroecological practices, in order to enable a descriptive analysis.Results: Out of all the agroecological units, 60% are ejidos and 40% are small private properties. Producers are between 25 and 68 years old. Plots range from 0.50 to 20 ha. The main crops are corn (Zea mays ssp. mays) and avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Forty-five percent of the crops are rainfed and 36% are irrigated/rainfed. Half of the producers perform crop rotation, while 40% prefers crop association. After 15 years of experience, the number of producers who did not use chemical herbicides increased from 59% to 95%. Crop nutrition is based on such elements as compost (27%) and manure (23%). Fifty percent of the producers manage pests and diseases through agroecological practices. Sixty-eight-point-two percent receive technical advice, while 77.3% are familiar with the decree to phase out the use of glyphosate.Study Limitations/Implications: Currently, 13.6% of producers are still transitioning and continue to perform chemical control of pests and diseases, as well as chemical fertilization.Findings/Conclusions: It is indeed possible to produce crops and obtain healthy food while caring for biodiversity, making use of environmental-friendly local resources, and achieving soil conservation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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