14 research outputs found
Supercontinuum generation via <i>in-situ </i>femtosecond-laser-induced filamentation for ultrabroadband femtosecond/picosecond coherent Raman spectroscopy: MSc Thesis
No full textFor thermometry and concentration measurements in the gas-phase two-beam hybrid femtosecond/picosecond (fs/ps) coherent Raman spectroscopy (CRS) is the benchmark. To acquire additional information on major combustion species like for example carbon dioxide, oxygen and molecular hydrogen a supercontinuum is required. In this work in-situ femtosecond-laser-induced filamentation is proposed. This is a non-linear optical process where the pulse self-focusses. Through self-phase modulation and non-linear dispersion in the plasma medium a supercontinuum is created. In-situ generation of the supercontinuum allows for a great simplification of the experimental setup as no additional chirped mirrors are required to deliver a near-transform-limited ultrabroadband pulse to the probe volume. The work presents an experimental campaign split into three phases to characterise the filamentation process, the probe volume dimensions, and the effects of the filamentation process on thermometry.Aerospace Engineerin
De noordsche weereld : vertoond in twee nieuwe, aenmercklijcke, derwaerts gedaene reysen : d'eene, van de heer Martiniere door Norweegen, Lapland, Boranday, Siberien, Samojessie, Ys-land, Groenland en Nova-Zembla ... : dandre, van de Hamburger Frederick Martens, verright nae Spitsbergen of Groenland, in't jaer 1671 ... /
No full textIncludes index.Signatures: *⁴ 2*² A-2X⁴.Added etched t.p. Etched and engraved plates by Cornelis Decker and Jacobus Harrewijn. Woodcut in-text map of Novai︠a︡ Zemli︠a︡.De La Martinière's Voyage des pais septentrionaux first published Paris, 1671. Martens' Spitzbergische oder Groenlandische Reise-Beschreibung first published Hamburg, 1675.Mode of access: Internet.Bookplates of G.J. Honig, of Zaandyk. Inscription by Honig giving auction record: Muller, May 1911, f. 5. Another inscription with auction record: Koch, 1974, fl. 2300. John Landwehr's printed label.Binding: mottled calfskin. Double fillets in gilt along margins of boards, fleurons at corners. Spine tooled in gilt, author & title on red label
Coherent Raman spectroscopy on hydrogen with in-situ generation, in-situ use, and in-situ referencing of the ultrabroadband excitation
No full textTime-resolved spectroscopy can provide valuable insights in hydrogen chemistry, with applications ranging from fundamental physics to the use of hydrogen as a commercial fuel. This work represents the first-ever demonstration of in-situ femtosecond laser-induced filamentation to generate a compressed supercontinuum behind a thick optical window, and its in-situ use to perform femtosecond/picosecond coherent Raman spectroscopy (CRS) on molecular hydrogen (H2). The ultrabroadband coherent excitation of Raman active molecules in measurement scenarios within an enclosed space has been hindered thus far by the window material imparting temporal stretch to the pulse. We overcome this challenge and present the simultaneous single-shot detection of the rotational H2 and the non-resonant CRS spectra in a laminar H2/air diffusion flame. Implementing an in-situ referencing protocol, the non-resonant spectrum measures the spectral phase of the supercontinuum pulse and maps the efficiency of the ultrabroadband coherent excitation achieved behind the window. This approach provides a straightforward path for the implementation of ultrabroadband H2 CRS in enclosed environment such as next-generation hydrogen combustors and reforming reactors. Flight Performance and Propulsio
Identification and stage-specific association with the translational apparatus of TbZFP3, a CCCH protein that promotes trypanosome life-cycle development
Get PDFThe post-transcriptional control of gene expression is becoming increasingly important in the understanding of regulated events in eukaryotic cells. The parasitic kinetoplastids have a unique reliance on such processes, because their genome is organized into polycistronic transcription units in which adjacent genes are not coordinately regulated. Indeed, the number of RNA-binding proteins predicted to be encoded in the genome of kinetoplastids is unusually large, invoking the presence of unique RNA regulators dedicated to gene expression in these evolutionarily ancient organisms. Here, we report that a small CCCH zinc finger protein, TbZFP3, enhances development between life-cycle stages in Trypanosoma brucei. Moreover, we demonstrate that this protein interacts both with the translational machinery and with other small CCCH proteins previously implicated in trypanosome developmental control. Antibodies to this protein also co-immunoprecipitate EP procyclin mRNA and encode the major surface antigen of insect forms of T. brucei. Strikingly, although TbZFP3 is constitutively expressed, it exhibits developmentally regulated association with polyribosomes, and mutational analysis demonstrates that this association is essential for the expression of phenotype. TbZFP3 is therefore a novel regulator of developmental events in kinetoplastids that acts at the level of the post-transcriptional control of gene expression
Inhibition of Hypersialylation in Human Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Modulates Inflammation and Metabolism
No full textIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major cause of low back pain (LBP), a significant global health burden. While glycosylation plays a key role in cellular signaling and inflammation, its role in IVD degeneration remains poorly understood. This study characterizes glycan alterations in human healthy and degenerated IVDs using glycomic (UPLC-MS, MALDI-IMS) and proteomic (LC-MS) analyses, combined with functional studies. These results identify hypersialylation, especially α-2,6-linked sialic acid, as a prominent feature of degenerated IVDs. In vitro inhibition of sialylation (3Fax-peracetyl Neu5Ac) in nucleus pulposus cells demonstrates reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling, indicating a functional role for hypersialylation in IVD pathology. Targeting glycosylation pathways, notably sialylation, emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for IVD degeneration
Inhibition of hypersialylation in human intervertebral disc degeneration modulates inflammation and metabolism
No full textIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major cause of low back pain (LBP), a significant global health burden. While glycosylation plays a key role in cellular signaling and inflammation, its role in IVD degeneration remains poorly understood. This study characterizes glycan alterations in human healthy and degenerated IVDs using glycomic (UPLC-MS, MALDI-IMS) and proteomic (LC-MS) analyses, combined with functional studies. These results identify hypersialylation, especially α-2,6-linked sialic acid, as a prominent feature of degenerated IVDs. In vitro inhibition of sialylation (3Fax-peracetyl Neu5Ac) in nucleus pulposus cells demonstrates reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling, indicating a functional role for hypersialylation in IVD pathology. Targeting glycosylation pathways, notably sialylation, emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy for IVD degeneration.Research Ireland and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under grant number 13/RC/2073_P2 and the European Commission's Horizon 2020 funding programme for the iPSpine project [grant number 825 925]. PREMUROSA H2020-MSCA-ITN-2019-860462
0000
No full textSailg falo Altn ®tmtn3
TWENTY-FIFTH YEAR.
EIC.HT PAGES.
TALO ALTO. CAL., WEDNESDAY, MAY i... 1017
EIGHT PAGES.
Ni i 104.
RANGES
WE ARB SOLE M.IM- .XIB THE PAMOCI
Monarch and Bridge and Beach
Ranges
We litir m.M tinndrcalw. of Ut-e.ii in li.i- * l.tnli) ami refer jo* to
tut* otroer to Itratrn of ttn-lr many *uj*«-c.<*c quaiiUr-*. < *.nn- ta ami
***** the III.IT KNAMEL tbe ban.l-..n,t*i range on Uie peutn*ul*,
at the
Palo Alto Hardware Co.
*'lllgbl la tb* ii-ntcr ot th* city."
INSTRUCTOR WEDS J™"1" THREE MRF^P
GRADUATESTUDENT
PALO ALTO WOMEN
GOING TO FRANCE
H"S,'? *£ LN''*li '^ .MU* "IW- ■- "»• -."-.TT WIIJ. UIVE
Heltn Dcnharl Hamad in lwlul: iii.,.i-,mm. ihi
San Jom
Bridegroom Ia Graduate of Class
of 1914 — Bride is ol
1916 Claaa
Buy a Buick and
Wear a Smile
A Buick really does the things other
cars are supposed to do. When you buy
a Buick you buy Satisfaction.
Stanford Auto Co.
Phone" P. A. 73 5 I I Alma Street
J. E.. Sloan Proprietor
Another romanre of Stanford'■
laboratorltM came to llgbt realer-
day with the marring* In Ran Joaa
of ::. ibrri l«*> Niebel of Palo Alto
and Mlaa Helen Ladle Iienbart of
San Jo**
Iloth are graduate* of Stanford -
Mebel with tb e claaa of l»l*t and
hla brtde tilth Ihe claaa or 1916
Mlaa Den hart *u a piedlral undent.
and during the |...-t >ear baa been
taking poat-cradiiate work in the de-
l**rtraetrit of bactcrlolog*. In wblrh
the brlde*,rom I* un In*irtictor Mr
Nlehel haa been dolu-t research
work in bacteriology *lnc* hla (-radii
.iti,,11 nnd ii' n member i.r Sigma XI
honor fraternity
Tin- wedding look iilnee nl tbe
bride* home Vblch ** a* pretlil
dtvotittcd for the occa.it.n The Hev
Mt Re***l-i, MothodIM miniHtcr from
.**-iij'a t'ru* perform. .I itie cere-
Mr Mebel la thr .. n i.f Mr* C*
Ita Mebel of 1 I Ot*. Iti.ani eire*-i
The) rame 10 I'alo Alt,, from l"l***»
land Ohio in mm
JINK I
I tircuph the activity ot the food
.-.:•!..i"..■ - of the Civic Canter. I'alo
Alto women will be able to take.
right here at home, a coura* In
household actence which will be a
duplicate of the lecture* glvau by
It Acne* Fay ..Ionian at Berkeley
Mi* L D. Elliott.'wall fitted already
to enlighten the average home-
tnake**. being a hoaa*Jt**D*r h*r**!f
'*e well aa a Stanford graduate In
rbcmUtry, ba* conaentetj to go to
iter k .-ley to take the court** of etud)
j there and offer It her* 00 bar return The Palo Alto work In thia
line *. Ill begin about the laal week
In June on Mr* Elliott'» return, and
a* the nuuib.1T of women whom ahe
. ;ui Instruct lu utte rlK-aa mm I ner-
I ceet-arlly be limited application* to
I enter the .'Ian-* inn*! b* made earlv.
■..ml will be enrolled in outer of re
STOCKINGS"
Oranization Urged By
President Wilbur
|eetpt
\ ■!:...!! lee li' for ap|>roiimatelv
•"■■t; lertur-aa, will have 10 be
chanted t« defia* rapenae*. and the
fir-t .la** mttat be limited to twenlv-
ttxr member. All women Interest-
• '1 me a*keil in , onfer -.lit. Mr*
I'arket Maddui 11 tf. Waverley
atr.*pt peraonall< b» let'er or br
telephone '.Jll In order that the
plana, which hinge of rour*** on the
enrollment*, ma* tie perfected *■
...on it* |M>.**1b|e The follow tm* la n
.ontprel alve Vtea of -that «111 he
- le
Ihe
mi vtaelc
Third Unit Is Already Organiied
and Two More Are Now
Under Way
Many Famed Athlete* of Stanford Will Handle Forda on
French Front
Stanford t-nlTteralt- 1* m and
three more unit* of ambulance
driver* to France, tn adilttlon to the
one which hat. ahead* gone, and a
aea'ond one which' 1* now preparing
to leave
The announcement that a thltd
unit would cro»* the Atlantic wa*
made eeve-ral dava ago. and It"
rank, are <*pmpleated. but It *li en.
notinied today that iwo more unit*
are to he formed The fourth
unit i* to be under the tender*hip of
Thoma* A t.arrnniore tn*triirlor In
tbe law department 11 la lo be
financed by ihe emttern headf|iiarter*
of the Atnerl.'un ambulance cor pa
The firth unit It. or n different
eharncier entirely It le to be it |**rl
of the Cnllnd State* army medlcnl
reertve corpa, whlih I* lo hnve 1.1H0
m.*niber*. all of whom will be re
-■nilted from Ihe cohere* of the
country There will he forty unlla.
with thlrtv-tl. men each John E
McDowell la the adjutant for Stan
fortl In charge of re.riitiim- the Stanford eorpa, and he ha* reeelted
itoril from the nurt-eon aeneral • office to go ahead wllh the work Kn
llatnient I* for the duration of Ihe
war All ''*.pcn->e*. are paid and a
"urtbei n.I*niitaite |« (hnt 'he regit-
im army pa* *****11 a be iiven the mem-
W. Maaon Haa WrltUn Soma
Funny Seen* a Into
th* Play
OXFORDS FOR MEN
HMH o.\F*OItl*S FOR SlMMEIl—VOOU foMFOHT llll.K. OOOP
•.Pl'l. \UIN«.—TA5. BtaAOK OAI* IM" KID. tt'HITE (AN'V-i-t
^\voaXST"
STANFORD PRESIDENT RETURNS
FROM TRIP TO WASHINGTON, D C
In Itu, I.)man wtlt.ui pie-,id.nt of
St.i.>for,t I'niveralM Upin. hte r.-itin.
jrrom Waahlnglon. D I', la*' night
■a....- em 11,.. ...llo* In* ..laieineni
II..- counirv 1* |u*i beginning tn
Ireallle It I* nbmtlllrl, vital to get |h"
tlovernment urgatilcetl on .. aai b**d*
Th.'r.- ..-.'iii* I., Im- a *trntt( M-ntlitteni
lu Waahlogton t.. r department* ">
c,inr..l f.MNi hum,111.,1,- »nr crafl ahlp
ping and ahtpballdlng Thi- countn
■ III haie in -i.a--.-i1 tt*. 11.I1.p1 th.- prlnci
!>!--• uf the it.-iiio. rnci,* of Europe 10
■*«-;«• the war The ..-1lotl-.11.-K* of the
Ilu*.
nil
tli
(if r.MHl ..Ippl'
H.-tlllOl, I
.-( ron.l in tin- Vltii>.-i. .ui,) altitlv of
ih.- me*hod* ot nrevenilnn
:' 111*1 met Inn tn meih.nl* of pre
netvlna fool* »n 1, il.-n.-tl' uml
«.itiiP*.tiinii'i, li,l ..ral. ti nd the nr-
chI/iiik (.* .niiniii. hull drying
marmalade n-i |ell* making 01 other
Mlmllat .lilt*. 11 ""lal.o.it ihe rural
ill-trM-
?. ! 11.11 ti, lion In the true money
value ..* fond* nn.t in the l-**«l mean*
of buvlng f I- . 1,.... and m -h.
or* mi fine ami i.|*eraiina of . o
Opera'!*" To.,,] buying an,| funking
.tul h 11. infnnl Mint child '-•'•>
III. i.r.,11.,-, a. 1,,|. ! and fartotl
Inm I; ■Jtii1i-.ui/ -t.ilil-)t|lllli »lnli
en**
( Ineliti.ll.in In tbe -l.-nientar*
i!-*> K01.r1.11iK Ibr ehotee nl food
>■ iii'i-.'n nnd aditlie and an it
The
I tltir.
it|l.
., lil
He .I,-,! of wounda. In Berbera,
Homallland Me uaed to He In hla lent
watching Ibe Arab dho*t> riding at
their anchor*-, on the aea Mia death
«■•* ptin.ii"-
At leant tl.at wat* the nieaaajri
brought lo M*aa fella Faraday by bb
friend. 1 olttoel Vavanour The trouble
had "tart.'d -Ight raontha before, tn
ITftv nr-t an wbea Mlaa t'elta bad In-
H'Htud t'olooel Smith, named him
"Wobble*. etTLgaC*d heraelf lo him.
ami *.-nt him off 10 dte in Somalllaod.
Th^re aixu'l »ni> t'otonel Smith, but
Va*aaour bronchi to t»ia hi* last
dying meat-age t-*o hour* long and
then *ome
That a where the fun rontea lu. In
<:r.;.-11 Slocking*.' the high acbopt
m-nlora play at the Armory next Friday night for the Tlenelll of the It»*d
I'roea
A t: W Maaon, the gifted author
of the clever plft*. haa evolved a
ae-rloe of acrwainlnglj funn* aiiuatlona
out of tlie unique eoinplleatloii* arla-
Ing over Telia'* polite Ileum, about
her ' I'.ii'.'in.'i.i The high •■< Inml
pla*. ra are hamMing thing* in good
■bap.- a.,! '■-- performance proutlaea
to 1«- ettlri tinlng a* well >» profitable to 1: . :{.■,« i'roea at Ihl* time
arheti th- lte.| I'roea tu-.-il* tnoliev and
help from r,,-r\ poaalble mautxm
Ticket* for tin- play went on aai*
.."In. and nm. !>■' obtained from Man
at-.-1 I'bar lea Or**en or at Welugart-
■i-t * Drug more for the turn of fifty
rents
•wing win in. ihe
toon na It I* full-
gaitUed The lol-.
ptmltloi. of
.. b itnli *in.* aergennt iwo cor
iirala on.- 1 l,|.-f in.' li.ml. iwo me '
lante* iwo c'H-k* iwo derka. two
I. lb* .in,) Iwent* r-in driven.
Mi m, how.) and Mt l-arremnr*'
re . oot-ratlnr **i'l, earh Other in
ie iih riiltlnc n( i" Hi nut*
The third unit a ill Mill leave \ev
,.■ k nn lime I •■ j.n|
"A Full House" to Go
on the Boards Tonight
DICK JOHNSON. ESTHER LW..R-
B.IDQC. FLORENCE MASON
AND MARV FLOWERS TO
FEATURE
"Ihr
a KT»*-.lng belief that we
tin.* I.,*. ti„. war before *».■ g.-t fairly
j Into It, wfalrlt 1* leading In ...ii.iil.r
able Impatience with dela)* In admin
1*1 ration movement* So lar a* I
j Could ***** lh.- Weal i. invt a* r.-ady
land well poeted a* th. Kaat. If nol
more mi The French and Bngllab
'..tninlnli.-it have done much to gl*e
A correct '.:..!.■( -■.,■.■'. :.y ut cotllll
•ion* '
know led nc th rough li-iun-. ,11*.
iii-\Iiui- rbari* dem»netrni|i*n* nnd
mblblilom.
Judge Gives "Floater"
to Intoxicated Pair
M. and Mr* McComtt, Oi**n The** I
Hour* 10 Cal Out of
Town
1 l*«*n> i two ll.e
• -..-I. been M-l.<. ii"
mo unit- till, mak
<»rd 11,.ti u In. ** .Il
..Hi.
•iii-.ie Hi.- maid 1* aitting lit tb
•i na> .1 ... |,,.„ r^urtn* up '!..■ mlleag* U
Ihe flrvt „ , , tll i,,,., i,HH.g Howell 1*
five .Stan. , ril,,t,. ,,, iiiattiiii -.• *r***i hla
'■• .-mi. l.-tt.n. from th.- w 11.-* of
Vera 'he rhori;* girl Haplii).- in won-
luminal, in ibl* iblnt|'!• t-IOK >ti-.t how aoon N"'l *tll prt>
.- ..;. 1'iuiih .-'loiiiiin i > Moon.) tin- policeman I- atrut-
11(11 Iteagnn varalir|(in* ot. hi* beat in fair nil ot the
. bait renting folk '" "*. Full
m*n i:<l Pb*.||i* iiim-
-.nituT S.in ltl|.|,eile
i. k rt.plain Shrimp Wll
.ll* loot bull .,n.i baeehn'l
■ vei and **f i: Te.lford
The Ihl*-] unit h„- lieeti organised
rgeh lb rough i'e elfon, of \\ || '
b**»n of Sail :..»..- ("It* .ind H \
ii'ontloncd on t'-ir* tl
I I!.
Iliiii.i'' are Juki walling fot the real
bualneaa of ihe day u> l»'giu when
Hi.* ink.- their plana* h.'iilnd tba
(outllghia »f th.- Aai-etuhty Mall tonight
At eight fifteen ihlog* »lil begin
',. hum A thin* ihouvaiid dollar
ruby naoklaee Mart*, the trouble aad
11, ably *.*conded by the lively effort*
I of lilt l* Johnaton. 17. burglar pro-ten.
by the atrldent voiced aunt In tb*
Furnished Bungalow
for Rent *
In Evergreen Park, convenient
to station. Very reasonable.
Apply
Dudf ield Lumber Co.
Palo Alto
JAXI7
PHONE J
15
AMIfU'a TAX, PKalVICK
25c Service
Special Rales for Trips
Town Taxi
PHONK
25
intvici
25c
I Jndft* Kgerton Lakn. ga**' a
jer' to Mr and Mm William M.i'omle
ion ■•■ charge of drunkenea* MoCotnle
la nn Itlnerenl auto painter, am) haa
been worklriK In I'nlo Alio alMHll Iwn
weak*
Wh.-n he and hi* wile were arr<-M
ed yeaterday aftornonn they appeared
before .).:,. '...';. and plead "not
igutllv The Judge (Wined that the
| coupb- **ere in no candllllon lo enter
j plea*, and delayed ilu- hearlog until
| thia morning, whan iln-y changed
! their plena to "guilty " They admit
i ted gettlbl liquor at llr-dwood fliy
[and ar the ainery
Jli'lr• tjikin ga**. ilia-m a *uapend
j ed aenteoce of 3u day* tn the coun
jiy Jail, and three hour* to gel out of
'. town They went
PA! fi AFTfi'C l]fiUCitM,r,K"> "f K"th*'f t-l*-*«ldge. '17. and
lALU ALIUu nUIflE *y »***** <«!»'*™ The*' »" lr* *°
__. _ __.._ __. .__ get theimt.-l.e* out of trouble aud "tic-
GUARDS IN NEED hrz^r.'X*.,,.-
AC WCU/ MCKT ,*11 "* ■"" ,n"r "'**' by "ta.y'1'* * tb
Ur IiLtt Ultli i1-*' ■*' *•*** "i" ***** tM,«|
Hiralghtena out In approved fare*,
I re*liloii leavlna ev.*rylK«ly In general
Captain str«Ch«n Anng.ncn Quaroa llo nv» happily ever after Bt-aldaa.il
Will Maeetl .n Decorat.o-i Day ,,„, ||llvl. ,nv doubta about going. r*>
im-intier that the proceeds are going
Pared*
1-ikk rn AitoiT
TIMOTHY HOPKINH MiTS
THK INIVKHHITV HKAITV
UMMPAKV
I'alo Alio Nan Fcanclat-o
Pure Rich Milk
HA* IMPORTANT FOOII VAU'B
Wa own oar <lalria» aad allatO llrlda an.1 are aba. lo awppl. J.a
rwaranlrrd mUk at .V par p*i.t. .Or par qaar,. dall.arwd da,.j.
Palo Alio Dairy Co.
Phone 219 262 I'niversily Ave.
Danish Butter (lood Cream
MOTOR TRUCKS
FVat-NTTt KK MOVlTfO
l.otaag and rtt. on Ha nla.
Prompt aad apttcla.' attantioo
gl**n to baggag* ordara
1'iiom: to
PaJo Alto Transfer
Storage Company
HI tlHCIag,
Jtl .
8TANP080 SHOE SHOP
'_■.-. a*rf*i«*
Von can aav-e inonry and time l.v
letting ua aave your aolea.
W* mm the
OOODYIiAR WELT SYSTfiM
Captain Handj n
Alto'* Home Ouardi
more *oium<-eri- \<
'aiti Htraehan. th.- •;
achau of Palo
i* calling for
nrdlng to tap
Itaan arhl.li
<ha* home xuard* *ho*aetJ
week* ago 1* dying out. and If tb.
help the
nee unit
Slanford ambtt-
ii the rank* are dwindling Cap-
in St rarhan deairca to recruit bla
i in pan* up to 7*> men again
i He announced today that the hot
eorpa la in aurvive li mu.t ha** more\mUmrQ will participate In the parade
recruit* , which la lo be h.-ld oo Decoration
Ther<* were ai.out ::. n-rambera inllint. May so. in which the Natl-ra
th.- guard wt,,.n |, M|)„ rrr( Bt|tr(l^( S(jllf1 .,„,* lhe. « a It will alao march.
MARQUEE
THEATER
Ideai, VeNTtLATttn*.
HOME OP TKIANCU.I-. METRO and WORLD FEATURES
Triangle Program-BESSIE LOVE In
"Cheerful Givers"
A tunny p », of am.tfi da*h«d -aoth pathoi wait** with human in
t*r«*t and with a plot of conatam aurprlaaa- Th* Triangle ki*Mi**
play an Important part.
"PEXTICOAT PERILS." Triangle Kemady.
Avvvn i5c
Nigbi 7:IS--MaUae* l:SO
(Mll.UKtN ttc
THUR3DAY—William ». Hart In "Th* D*aert Maw," Trlangl* Play
The relative effectiveness of different grassland restoration methods: A systematic literature search and meta-analysis
Get PDF1. Active grassland restoration has gained in importance to mitigate the dramatic decline of farmland biodiversity. While there is evidence that such operations are generally effective in promoting plant diversity, little is known about the effectiveness of the different methods applied. Restoration methods can differ in intensity of seed bed preparation, seed source and technique of seed application.
2. In this systematic literature search and meta-analysis, we screened the literature for studies of the restoration of mesic grasslands in temperate Europe. We focused on active restoration experiments that included a treatment and lasted more than three years. We evaluated the influence of restoration factors on plant species richness relative to non-restored controls.
3. We found 187 articles that investigated the outcome of operations aimed at actively restoring mesic temperate grasslands. Most articles focused on plants, with only 9.6% dealing with other organisms (e.g. beetles, pollinating insects). Many papers had to be excluded due to incomplete data, too short study duration and/or lack of an adequate control. This resulted in 13 articles fulfilling our criteria for inclusion, yielding a total of 56 data points for the meta-analysis.
4. Restoration actions increased plant species richness by, on average, 17.4%, compared to controls. The seed source explained a significant amount of variation in plant species richness: seeds originating from a speciose donor grassland had a positive effect. This effect was even enhanced when combined with a commercial seed mix, whereas commercial seed mixes alone had no significant effect. We did not observe any effect of other factors, such as the type of seed bed preparation or the seed application method.
5. A seed-source obtained from species-rich grasslands seems to be key to efficient grassland restoration in mesic grasslands of temperate Europe. Even though seeds from a speciose donor grassland should be preferred over commercial seeds, associating natural and commercial seed mixes increases plant species richness. This systematic literature search further revealed two major research gaps in grassland restoration ecology: a deficit in long-term investigations as well as a deficit in studies focusing on non-plant organisms.All analyses were performed with R version 4.1.1 (R Core Team, 2021) using the metafor (Viechtbauer, 2010) and puinform packages (van Aert, 2018).Funding provided by: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001711Award Number: 31003A_172953We followed the guidelines of the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (Pullin & Stewart, 2006) and the ROSES standard (see ROSES form in Table S1) to conduct our systematic literature search. By doing so, we ensure repeatability of our search and screening process (Romanelli, Meli, Naves, Alves, & Rodrigues, 2021; Romanelli, Silva, et al., 2021). We prepared a protocol that was peer-reviewed and published (Slodowicz, Humbert, & Arlettaz, 2019). As some points of the original protocol had to be amended due to some unexpected issues, the following section contains the updated protocol.
Systematic literature search
We formulated our research question according to the PICO-structure (population, intervention, control, outcome): Do different seed addition methods for the restoration or re-creation of species-rich grasslands differ in their effectiveness to enhance the diversity of plants? (See Table S2 for details on the question components). Based on the question components, we developed an initial search string that went through a scoping process. This initial string was used in a search in the Web of Science database. We compared the search result with the reference lists of two reviews on the same topic (Hedberg & Kotowski, 2010; Kiehl, Kirmer, Donath, Rasran, & Hölzel, 2010). To achieve adequate sensitivity, we adapted the search string, until no references of the reviews were missed. We used the final search string as a template for our database searches and adapted it accordingly to the requirements of the respective databases: (grassland* OR meadow* OR pasture*) AND (restor* OR seed addition OR seed transfer OR hay transfer OR sow* OR strew*) AND (*diversity OR enhance* OR success OR richness OR establish*). We conducted the database searches between 26 November 2019 and 16 March 2020 in Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Directory of open access journals (DOAJ) and eThOs. In addition, we used the 'Publish or perish' software (Harzing, 2007) to search articles in Google Scholar and retained the first 1000 hits. A detailed overview of the search string development and database searches can be found in the supplementary material (Table S3, Appendix S1).
To complement the database search, we looked for other publications and grey literature in Google, organisational websites and through direct requests to authors. The searches and requests were done in English, French, German and Polish. We removed duplicates automatically using the JabRef Reference Manager (JabRef Development Team, 2021).
Article screening
Screening was done on title, abstract and full-text level by two reviewers (DS, AD). A third reviewer (JYH, co-author of this paper) checked for inclusion consistency using Cohen's Kappa (Pullin & Stewart, 2006) on a subsample of 500 articles from each reviewer, respectively. A Kappa score of > 0.6 indicated high consistency between reviewers. At title and abstract level, we included all restoration studies that were conducted within temperate Europe. At full-text level, the articles had to fulfill our eligibility criteria for inclusion (Table 1). We distinguished three grassland habitat types: dry, wet and mesic. We considered grassland habitats to be "dry" if the substrate was coarse or sandy with low water retention capacity and low amount of nutrients in the soil (e.g., Wolff et al., 2017). We considered grasslands to be "wet" if they were peat or fen meadows (e.g., Klimkowska et al., 2010), or alluvial meadows (e.g., Schmiede et al., 2009). All other grasslands were considered mesic and therefore eligible populations. In our meta-analysis, we have intentionally excluded short-term studies of less than three years duration to reduce confounding factors. In effect, the first two years after restoration are typically characterized by a rise in species richness (Albert et al., 2019; Baasch, Engst, Schmiede, May, & Tischew, 2016; Freitag et al., 2021). This is often due to the presence of ruderal species, which have become dominant in the seed bank after perturbation (Valkó, Rádai, & Deák, 2022). Once the grassland species become more dominant, the number of ruderal species diminishes (Albert et al., 2019). This is reflected in a slight decline in species richness after the second year of restoration (Freitag et al., 2021). For this reason, we focused on the mid-term, thus ensuring that the plant community had become more stable. Yet, to identify research gaps in a later phase, we compiled a separate list of all excluded European studies at full-text screening. All articles on European grassland restoration excluded during the full-text screening step are provided in Table S4.
Data extraction and moderators
The geographic location of each restoration site was recorded and, if necessary, changed into decimal degrees. If the site coordinates were not provided, we looked for a locality (such as a city, village, or a protected area) in the site description of the respective article and determined the coordinates from Google Maps. As potential moderator variables (effect modifiers) we included the control type, type of study design, seed source, seed material, seed bed preparation (seed bed preparation is requisite for efficient seed addition), former land-use, restoration duration, number of experimental replicates, as well as vegetation survey plot size (see Table 2 for a detailed definition of each moderator). These moderator variables are either linked to applied aspects of grassland restoration (e.g., seed source), which are relevant for practitioners, or to experimental aspects (e.g., control type). As response variables, we extracted the mean plant species richness and a measure of variance (which was converted to standard deviation if necessary) from the restored and control plots. We extracted these from summary tables, calculated it from raw data or extracted it from the figures using the WebPlotDigitizer (Rohatgi, 2021). We contacted the authors by e-mail to request missing data if relevant data was missing or not extractable from the study. A list of data sources used in the study is provided in the Data sources section.
References
Albert, Á. J., Mudrák, O., Jongepierová, I., Fajmon, K., Frei, I., Ševčíková, M., … Doležal, J. (2019). Grassland restoration on ex-arable land by transfer of brush-harvested propagules and green hay. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 272(November 2018), 74–82. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2018.11.008
Baasch, A., Engst, K., Schmiede, R., May, K., & Tischew, S. (2016). Enhancing success in grassland restoration by adding regionally propagated target species. Ecological Engineering, 94(2016), 583–591. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.062
Freitag, M., Klaus, V. H., Bolliger, R., Hamer, U., Kleinebecker, T., Prati, D., … Hölzel, N. (2021). Restoration of plant diversity in permanent grassland by seeding: Assessing the limiting factors along land-use gradients. Journal of Applied Ecology, 58(8), 1681–1692. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.13883
Harzing, A. W. (2007). Publish or Perish. Retrieved from https://harzing.com/resources/publish-or-perish/
Hedberg, P., & Kotowski, W. (2010). New nature by sowing? The current state of species introduction in grassland restoration, and the road ahead. Journal for Nature Conservation, 18(4), 304–308. doi: 10.1016/j.jnc.2010.01.003
JabRef Development Team. (2021). JabRef --- An open-source, cross-platform citation and reference management software. Retrieved from https://www.jabref.org/
Kiehl, K., Kirmer, A., Donath, T. W., Rasran, L., & Hölzel, N. (2010). Species introduction in restoration projects - Evaluation of different techniques for the establishment of semi-natural grasslands in Central and Northwestern Europe. Basic and Applied Ecology, 11(4), 285–299. doi: 10.1016/j.baae.2009.12.004
Klimkowska, A., Kotowski, W., Van Diggelen, R., Grootjans, A. P., Dzierz̈a, P., & Brzezińska, K. (2010). Vegetation Re-development After Fen Meadow Restoration by Topsoil Removal and Hay Transfer. Restoration Ecology, 18(6), 924–933. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2009.00554.x
Pullin, A. S., & Stewart, G. B. (2006). Guidelines for systematic review in conservation and environmental management. Conservation Biology, 20(6), 1647–1656. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00485.x
Rohatgi, A. (2021). Webplotdigitizer: Version 4.5. Retrieved from https://automeris.io/WebPlotDigitizer
Romanelli, J. P., Meli, P., Naves, R. P., Alves, M. C., & Rodrigues, R. R. (2021). Reliability of evidence-review methods in restoration ecology. Conservation Biology, 35(1), 142–154. doi: 10.1111/cobi.13661
Romanelli, J. P., Silva, L. G. M., Gonçalves, M. C. P., Naves, R. P., de Almeida, D. R. A., de Resende, A. F., & Rodrigues, R. R. (2021). Repeatability of the searching process in reviews of restoration outcomes. Restoration Ecology, 29(8), 1–10. doi: 10.1111/rec.13496
Schmiede, R., Donath, T. W., & Otte, A. (2009). Seed bank development after the restoration of alluvial grassland via transfer of seed-containing plant material. Biological Conservation, 142(2), 404–413. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.11.001
Slodowicz, D., Humbert, J. Y., & Arlettaz, R. (2019). The relative effectiveness of seed addition methods for restoring or re-creating species rich grasslands: A systematic review protocol. Environmental Evidence, 8(1), 1–7. doi: 10.1186/s13750-019-0174-2
Valkó, O., Rádai, Z., & Deák, B. (2022). Hay transfer is a nature-based and sustainable solution for restoring grassland biodiversity. Journal of Environmental Management, 311(October 2021), 114816. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114816
Wolff, C., Gilhaus, K., Hölzel, N., & Schneider, S. (2017). Status and restoration potential of heathlands and sand grasslands in the southwest of Luxembourg. Tuexenia, 37(1), 179–200. doi: 10.14471/2017.37.007
Data sources
Albert, Á.-J., Mudrák, O., Jongepierová, I., Fajmon, K., Frei, I., Ševcíková, M., … Dolezal, J. (2019). Grassland restoration on ex-arable land by transfer of brush-harvested propagules and green hay. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 272(November 2018), 74–82. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2018.11.008
Auestad, I., Austad, I., & Rydgren, K. (2015). Nature will have its way: Local vegetation trumps restoration treatments in semi-natural grassland. Applied Vegetation Science, 18(2), 190–196. doi: 10.1111/avsc.12138
Baasch, A., Engst, K., Schmiede, R., May, K., & Tischew, S. (2016). Enhancing success in grassland restoration by adding regionally propagated target species. Ecological Engineering, 94(2016), 583–591. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.062
Chevalier, R., Le Bris, C., Swiderski, C., Baron, S., Isselin-Nondedeu, F., Lesage, C., & Michau, F. (2018). Restauration de la biodiversité floristique des bordures de champs par semis de fleurs sauvages : premiers résultats obtenus en Beauce. Sciences Eaux & Territoires, Numéro 25(1), 52. doi: 10.3917/set.025.0052
Dolnik, C., Jansen, D., & Rickert, B.-H. (2020). Praxisleitfaden BlütenMeer 2020. Molfsee. Retrieved from https://www.stiftungsland.de/fileadmin/pdf/Bluetenmeer2020/20-2841_Praxisleitfaden_Naturschutz_Internet.pdf
Freitag, M., Klaus, V. H., Bolliger, R., Prati, D., Schäfer, D., Hinderling, J., … Hölzel, N. (2021). Data and Code for the manuscript Freitag et al. "Restoration of plant diversity in permanent grassland by seeding: assessing the limiting factors along land-use gradients." doi: https://doi.org/10.25829/bexis.30915-10
Fritch, R. A., Sheridan, H., Finn, J. A., Kirwan, L., & hUallacháin, D. Ó. (2011). Methods of enhancing botanical diversity within field margins of intensively managed grassland: A 7-year field experiment. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48(3), 551–560. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01951.x
Gentili, R., Montagnani, C., Gilardelli, F., Guarino, M. F., & Citterio, S. (2017). Let native species take their course: Ambrosia artemisiifolia replacement during natural or "artificial" succession. Acta Oecologica, 82, 32–40. doi: 10.1016/j.actao.2017.05.007
Hovd, H. (2008). Occurrence of meadow herbs in sown and unsown ploughed strips in cultivated grassland. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B: Soil and Plant Science, 58(3), 208–215. doi: 10.1080/09064710701593046
Prach, K., Jongepierová, I., Řehounková, K., & Fajmon, K. (2014). Restoration of grasslands on ex-arable land using regional and commercial seed mixtures and spontaneous succession: Successional trajectories and changes in species richness. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 182, 131–136. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2013.06.003
Smith, B. M., Diaz, A., & Winder, L. (2017). Grassland habitat restoration: Lessons learnt from long term monitoring of Swanworth Quarry, UK, 1997-2014. PeerJ, 2017(11), 1997–2014. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3942
Veen, G. F., van der Putten, W. H., & Bezemer, T. M. (2018). Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in a long-term non-weeded field experiment. Ecology, 99(8), 1836–1846. doi: 10.1002/ecy.2400
Woodcock, B. A., Vogiatzakis, I. N., Westbury, D. B., Lawson, C. S., Edwards, A. R., Brook, A. J., … Mortimer, S. R. (2010). The role of management and landscape context in the restoration of grassland phytophagous beetles. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47(2), 366–376. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01776.x
Woodcock, B. A., Edwards, A. R., Lawson, C. S., Westbury, D. B., Brook, A. J., Harris, S. J., … Mortimer, S. R. (2010). The Restoration of Phytophagous Beetles in Species-Rich Chalk Grasslands. Restoration Ecology, 18(5), 638–644. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00472.x
Woodcock, B. A., Westbury, D. B., Brook, A. J., Lawson, C. S., Edwards, A. R., Harris, S. J., … Mortimer, S. R. (2012). Effects of seed addition on beetle assemblages during the re-creation of species-rich lowland hay meadows. Insect Conservation and Diversity, 5(1), 19–26. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-4598.2011.00132.x
Note that the three Articles by Woodcock, Vogiatzakis, et al., (2010), Woodcock, Edwards, et al., (2010) and Woodcock et al., (2012) shared several study sites, which we included in our meta-analysis. Their effect sizes are summarized in Fig. 3 as "Woodcock et al., 2010"
1
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TWENTY-SECOND YEAR
EIGHT PAGES.
PALO ALTO, CAL. WEDNESDAY. JAN. 14, 1914.
EIGHT PAGES.
N'O. 11.
Gardening
THK I IMi: I- AT 11 IM) TO I-I, A NT VOI'H BABLY VEGSTA-
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Palo Alto Hardware Co.
PHONE 6-j,
Right in the Center at the City.
Collier's
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GOVERNMENT ST
REDWOODJSSCENE STUDENT SPIRIT
OF SIMPLE
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Senxc—Interview. Bryin .nd Young People Le.ve (or S.cr.-' Prominent Spelter-. Voice Op-
Californi. Lawmaker--. memo Where They Will Make timiun That I. Prevalent
Future Residence. on Campua.
Sarin.)- 14. (-uthtM.rt-.ui of Msry-:
Disclosed by our Inventory
Over a Thousand Doors
all Sizes and Styles
for
75c and Upwards
Dudfield Lumber Company
Planing Mill Phone 21
Everything in the Building Line
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tao Sfc-rt ttmsim
100 IRwti--ti*-t rmmtwne
lO — l l» Nevsh
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every young man.
—his progress will be rapid if
from the the first he saves part
of his earnings regularly and deposits it in a strong, conservative
bank like this.
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Bank
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1 oil HALE
Palo Alto home; email
down and 25.00 up
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J. J. MORRIS
Phone 43
Walking Shoes. Stylish Models with low or
* medium high heels. mt s\ - . m
5.00 -d\VO\\5 "
EXCHANGE
Nine acrea level land, flne aoll.
wear Santa Crux; houae, barn, plenty of water; exchange for Palo Alto
borne of about 93.000 value.
tier onr Hat of r-»n. lie- and homca
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THE XEW REAL E8TATI: FIRM
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156 University Avenue.
Two phones—255K and 790X.
Automobile
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Owners
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that they can have tbe
CARBON CLEANED
from tbelr motors by tbe new
OXYGEN
CARBON REMOVER
In leaa tbsn an hour and at a
remarkably low com. Have
tbe carbon cleaned from tba
cylinder of your car and aee
the difference.
Stanford Auto Co.
Sll Alma Street.
An Intereatlng all-day meeting
hn- been planned by tba W. C. T.
at the Baptist Church for Thursday
The program o|H>na ill 10 o'clock
and It la hop-ed that nil -^ntereeted
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Manchester before going to West prohibition 'ahiendmenl will attend
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CnihbertMin tn the aenate debate-;
which he attended every nighty wai
its. fact that Senator La Pnllette and
auch progrrimivea aa Itrlatow, Cum-
mlna, Dorah and Clapp were lined
up with Root aad other regular
Republicans In ntport of the Hltch-
.cork amendments to the currency
bill. Senator Root's apeee-h which
was reprinted In large letters by
the Republicans press of the country
was heard by only a small circle of
senators. Tbe -impromptu debate
by John sSfaarp Williams and other
Democratic senatora waa the moat
enlivening part of the dlacuaalan.
One ta Impressed at Waahlngton,
Mr, Cutbbertaon says, by the superior sumptnousneea and elegance of
tbe aenate'office building aa compared *ith the quarters of the repre-
aentattvea. The senators have an
elnrator for their exclusive use and
a separate elevator for the common
people.
The enngreaamen on the other
band rtde up in tbe same elevator
with the people, ln the aenate
chamber each member haa a separate deak while In the houae merely
rows of benches nre provided fijr
members. The house impresses tbe
visitor as a disorderly body, jarring
John ('ouch, n former Mansanlta
stoeleiil. has nftfned a contract tn
play for the WatsonvlHe baseball
club during the coming season.
Couch will be remembered for
prowesa on tbe local diamond In the
pltcher'a box. and It ta the hope of
bis many friends that ho wll] be
equally successful In his latest venture.
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Bryan, called on Senator Works and
hobnobbed with all the Democratic
rep resents Uvea from California.
■peak voiced the optimism that baa
Iwen prevalent on the campus for
the paat semester, and Judging from
the reception of their remarks tba
spring sports will receive tbelr full
allowance of support during tha
present season.
The assembly room waa crowded
with undergraduates, and the walls
reaounded with abundant cheers,
sirens and college songs. Among
those who spoke were Doctor An*
ge.ll. chairman of the faculty commit tt* on ntbletlca. Coach Camp-
ball and Captain McKee of the
track squad, "Husky" Querns ot
the crow men nnd Captain Zeb Terry of the baseball team. The sentiment of these speakers waa that
Stanford waa prepared for a season
of struggle with her old foe from
the Berkeley hills, and It waa b#-
iie-M-.i that the Cardlnnl would fly
triumphant on diamond, track and
waterway. Every man possessing
tne least bli or ability waa urged to
sign up fur one of the three spring
sports, nnd when the cheering ended ll waa found thnt a record number of cnndldates had expressed a
willingness to give their best efforts
to the cause of the Stanford teams.
All together 2*0 men signed up.
07 of these being aspirants for
crew, :•'■ tor honors on the diamond
and 147 for n place on tbe traelt
team.
the nerves considerably sfter observing the dignity ot procedure In
the senate.
Mr. ("uthbertuon renewed his acquaintance with Secretary of State
CASTILLEJA SCHOOL
College Preparatory
Grammar, Primary ind
Montessori Departmetgs.
Hoys admitted to I- "■'■'■■ Sutuol
Sehool reopens January 5.
Second term begins Jan. k*.
MARY 1. LOCKEY Principal.
13fi0 Bryant Street.
Telephone SSftK.
Mrs. C. P. Ruple of Pittsburg la
visiting at the home of Mr. and
Mra. William Derate on Melville
avenue.
.■.■.••..a. ....♦.****. + ..
• Miss Horker's School
Terte^hone 350
it Boarding snd Day Bchool for
! Olrls. -
* Accredited to Colleges.
* Intermedlsle snd Primary
• gradea. Montoaeorl Department
! Twelfth Year began August tu
ESTHER MUNDELL
"VOICE oui/RAur
Pupil of Jean de Reeske.
■-.1111I.(. li" Bryaat stt. .t.
.Mondays, 1 to r. p. m.
Pslei Alto School of
SHORTHAND 1
TYPEWRITING
Jill lUnie.na Baitdlng
ANNOUNCES
NEW CLASSES
Start front Janaary 4 to i.Y
Thomson's Taxis
Phone P. A. 138
HAV ..Mi NIGHT SKHVK'i:
■Reasonable Rates
at all hours
Let ns make yon m price.
Price* talk. 101 tl.e- Circle.
Novelty Theater
TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY
TWO REEL SPECIAL
"A Slave of Satan"
.. r..l!.r|il-) of iinu.iLsl afrrnxll. . lr-lur.- rarsadttreo. tt) **&,
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Santa Fe Lumber Co.
Mayfield Cal
Phone 268
0003
No full textDAILY PALO ALTO Tat&.stJESDAY. JULY 2. 1916
VARSITY THEATRE
SELECT PICTURES
"THE MATING OF MAJtCEUA"
Th* danghtar of n muilclan in humble clrcum*tanc*a,
DOROTHY DALTON
tbt alar tn this- powerful drama, make* an ideal mollita't model snd
At tb* same time falle hi lovt With bar supposed husband
-THE CALL TO ARMS"
The second of tbe "Sent *f Dsmotracy" *tnrl«* of Abraham Uncoln.
"THEIR BREEZY AFFAIR"
A Chrtstl* Comedy wltb Dtyrothy Dane and Billy Mttan
Certain! Thuf.aay-William A. Hart in "BelfUh Yatea-
■, Coming Bundsy—"Over tht T**1"
ADMISSION 17 CENTS—CHILDREN SCENTS
No chltdrtn'a llckttt at night hsrtaftar
MATINEE 1:30
EVENING 7:1S tn* 9 ____
PALO ALTO-SAN JOSE
AUTO BUSES
Official Dally Tim* Table
Half-hourly Service to San Joee
and Way Peintt
SPPECTIVS APRIL M. 2 A. M.
Lv. San Jess, United
Leeve Pitt Stages Depot.
Alt*, Circle 23 W.S.CIira SL
■ :2SA.bL 4:46A.M.
7:tt 7l«
1:15 S:4S
S:4S S:1S
sns s:U
I 45 10: ts
10MS ■ a- tOlSS
io:4S mis
it:is tin*
11:44 12:11P.M.
12:15 p.m. * 1S:«S
12:45 HIS
1MB 1:45
1:45 ( Si1S
SMS 2:45
S:4B SMS
3:18 8.4*
3:41 4:15
4: IS.' 4:45
4,4*4 SMB
8MB
5:*5
•111
tl*t
7M|
7:4 J
8:48
SMS
8:48
7MS
SMS
SMS
SMS 10MB
SMB l»:15
10:30* •17:00
IftSftv • 1:00 A.M.
•Saturday aert Sunday only,
Fare—4oc .ma way, 75c resin*
(rip; 20-rlde commutation booh 88.
Intermediate points pre rata.
At night look for gi-esn light en
bit*. ^F°r further Information
. ■!, Telephone Pslo Alt* B0-R
Davis-Transit Company
MOULTON'S
Kir, irI.- Ugbt. Sweat, Bhnwer.
Salt fllow. Vibratory
VloleL Bay
Massage Parlors
Ijullr. 9 a. m. to 3 p. m.
Men I to S
Wilson BIdg. Suite 5
For appointment phon* BSSJ
DICY A. bAUQli
Notary Public
257 University Ave
Daily Deliveries
MILK, CREAM. ICE CREAM
Danish Creamery Outter
Palo Alto Dairy Co.
PALO ALTO CREAMERY
114 Unlvaralty. Phone P. A. SIB
Mrs. Lciite C'ar.i Bsrllell
Teacher et Plan*
Past) of Josef Lbevlnn* end
Perry 0 ranger
481 Lytton Av*.
Hotel Larkin
PALO ALTO
an sweats rut
YOUR PROSPERITY
AMOURS
Tnxrr prosperity1 af-d lb* peesa-
periir of tbU whole commtnliy
Is th* foundation npon which
our prosperity to buIlL
And thla doe* not Apply to-our
jwn d«pOt.isOrS AltTDt, but tO
•rrtiybody; for tbt mora mon*y
tb*r* Is la clrcuUtloo tb* mora
business tbsrs U for a bnnk.
It U for tbU r**noa w* or*
tlwsys gift tn help whan our
Adrlc* U ask** on any financial
tjueelit.n. It I* for thla reason
sr* Ilk* to •*• buBln*** concern*
prosper, snd 11 Is for tbl* mason
w* do all wa ran to help them
proxpnr.
If you haven't a deposit h*r*
alrt-atiy. reim* In and talk lo ua
about IL
First National
Bank
PALO ALTO
COMMERCIAL AND SAVINGS
Political Anno un cements
Senator
M. B. JOHNSON
»tf
Congress
Eighth Congrttsltntl District
FOR
Democratic Nomination
CONGRESSMAN
I Ds.tr.et
HUGH S. HERSMAN
Primary Election
August 27, 1918
MARTHA A. LUNSF0RD
Notary Public and Public
Stenographer
183 University Ave. Phone ill
Dividend Notice
BANK OF ITALY '
Head quart era. San FTAncUco. Cal.
-Fur the half-year ending June 30.
ISIS, a dividend has been declared at
th* rate of four it! per cent per annum on all savings deposits, psyable
on and after Monday. July 1. ISIS.
Dividends nut callt>d tor ar* added to
ami bear the same rata of Interest
a* th* principal from July 1. IBIS.
Mon«y depo*lt*d on or b*for* July
10. IBIS, will .an. i.iier.it from July
1. IBIS. A. P. 1)1*....:.... Prestdsnt;
A Pedrinl, Cashier.
JUNK DEALER—J. LEVIN
Dealer to larrup Iron, Hubber.
Metal. Sacks. Rags, hlacblnery.
Stoves and Tools.
HtOHBSr PRICES PAID
BIS Emerson SL Phone 884
jCocais
Born—On Jun* ST At tb* Peninsula
botpHAl to tb* wif- of H. J. Jaagar-
ann. * tton.
W. K. Anderson of Kan PrastlAOO
has taken a position with tbt Recant
a* BAt*sm*a,
.Aim. H. W. Slmklna aad children
tVaat to Aiotut Herman today for tb*
summer vacation.
Hist Elltaterlh Ilandall MR this afternoon for C*rm«l by Ih* Be* tor a
short vocation of Sr* or al* Says.
la Stn Frsnrlero yesterdey Edmund
Y. Font of Pslo Alto secured a license
in wad Phyllis at. Avxaralt of AbtT-
deen. Wash.
Lieutenant* Fleming and COOAAT of
Camp Fremont bar* Ukta tbt Blm-
ktoB resldene* si 171 Bryant street for
th* summer.
Mr. snd Mrs. J. II. llordm and family trill Itarn Thursday for Mendocino
county, where- they will *ojoy ihelr
mmar * a cat ion.
Mrs. Fred floss and Miss C. J. WolS
of SL Louis tn* O N Mtaatng taf
[TTeeporL HI. w*r* tt Pslo Alto last
r*«k on a tour of tb* w**L Tb*y
lopp*d al Hotel Palo AHo
The salmon art running good st
Capitols, flandsy a parly rsgapo***
of Char!** II. B*erd*l*y. Roy II- Haald
and Out Krnee trought home 10*
baomis ef the fish, tM ritrfe** wajgb-
Ing il pcianfti.
The Tims* erred ya*ttrday In announcing that Dr. L. B. I'lillllps had
gon* to Beabright lo ap*nd a vaoaltoa
of a month. Tb* family of Dr. Phillips
toft, but th* doctor will not leave until
later In tb* month.
Mis* OllvU [torrbsll of Santa Rosa
ha* b**n the guest of MUt DtUy
Sbon*. 3(8 King.ley avenue On her
return bom* .he wilt b* accompanied
by Mlii Shirley Chart** snd Miss
Daisy Bbone for a visit of a week or
Persona having bouses or rooms to
rant should !■>•»- no Urn* In advertising tb* fact, Th* Time* want ads ar*
•■gerly scannsd each day by people
looking for a pUc* lo llv*. Th* loss
"f "ii* .tar's --iii Ii mora than tht
coal of advertising.
Th* Resysaevlsl, nfflo-lal p.iWWllnei at
the II. B. Naval Ree*rv* Training
Cerr.p at Han Pedro, Is brought l&to
tb* public library each ws*k. It Is *
weekly peper. puhllabed every Satur
day nornlng under the dlrertton of
Captain J (*. Cantwell, rommsndar of
the training ramp. The editor Ib Jnhn
P. Medbury. whi>a* feAitire article* sp-
l-ear In leading papers
Approximately :■ ■ ..n_.*p. pounde
of shim milk and biitlermllk. by-pra-
ducta nf bultrr manufacture, are
led nr fed In animals eacb year In
the United States, the agricutlual department announced II la so valuable
fur human food In tbe fi.rtn of cottage
cbaeae that the department has sent
out no* hundred demouatrBtors to
|■ t. h He us* tn i - i..- In various
sections of the country, and how in
auballlute. rentage, cheaa-ee for meat,
and wheat product* A dcmntietratlnn
la etpertrd In Pain Alto shortly.
tarn* dm* hat woven a story of
myttory, lovt tma advtatar* that *m-
brace* all Of the high lighta Of tbt
book.
Over th* Top," In which 8*rg**at
Empty tpnatrt at tb* star, trill be
shown, at tb* Varsity tbaaUr thr**
-Isyt. July T. I in<l I
M4.1l41111tl..ll.l..*ll.l
. THE WEATHER!
Probably somswhsl cleudy tnd windy.
Temperature yeeterday, July I;
Msxlmum 74 (a yesr age SS] two
yesrs ago TS; three years *s* SS}.
minimum SS (* yesr age 50; twe ytar*
aft SO; three yesrs ego 84>.
Obasrvalton* tt I A a. and n**n
todsy were retseelively: Oartaeevtrter
SuXOS, SOuOS Inch**: trverrrvcmsssr 43,
degrees; hy*r**v**a*» SS, SS eer
tent; USSSanjtf Ctoudy. tl*tatty, win*
nearly calm. iisitlilttL
July S: Tim* tf ttmrlt*. 5:81; aun-
ttt S:S7.
Tb* weather tm tn* middle went an*
ea lb* AtJUntso iu»i I* SKmmWUtt
LO an* generally clear Thar* ***s
a light rainfall yesterday In New York
snd Boston, ta a reeult of * storm off
Ih* coast near a* New Kr.glaod dty.
Tow San Laundry Co.
REASONABLE PRICES
BEST WORK
881 Emeraon SL- halt a black
'-em poetoftict ' Phone E**
CA6TILLEJA SCHOOL
Mary I. Lochey, Principal
Boarding and Pay Bcbool for
(llrto Montossorl t>par, merit.
Ittiya admitted to Lower School.
tl« Bryant SL Tel. 340-W
ANDRUS
TAXI
Phone
15
AUTOS FOR HIRE
ISABEL L. CHARLES
NOTARY PUBUC
vmncBLDa
CORONA
TYPEVVRkTER
R. COMPTON, Agent
Phont 148
READ THE WANT ADS
HOW SERCT. EMPEY
' BECAME AUTHOR OF
"OVER THE TOP"
Robert Cordon Anderson, tbe man
whn -diarovervarT .;■-,.,.■■ Arthur
Uuy Kn:;- .. tb* American hny who
fought aloogaldaa Tommy Alklna for
eighteen monlbe to Prance, recently
told the story of how th* llltlo fighter
came to write hie now fatnuua hook.
"Over lha Top."
Mr. Anderson Is one nr Kmpny's
iln.i'.i pertonBl frlende *nd knew
him in pre~I.ua Itanl* days. In tact
c.niM qualify as t charter member nf
Ihe ."I Knew Hlm-When" club When
Kmpey returned from France, alter
serving eighteen months *a a member
of ihe flrltleh *tt*edii ternary ferr* and
bearing oeven wounds. Mr. Anderson
was (vne of Ihe frlende he looked up
The soldier wta bark horn*, honor
ably dlschsrgrd from eervlre. but
rhadng to get bach on the Bring Ito*
\riiii-raoii. who Is sale* manager for
0. IV Putnam'a Bona, publisher* ol
"Over the Top.~ waa one of hla dally
ctimpanlpna anil to him Kmpry recounted many nf his •tpeirirnces tn
Fr* nc*.
It was Mr. Anderson whn suggeeted
that Kmpey write "Over tha Top."
but for moniba the soldier declined
(h* augge.tim, Finally, when Mr
Anderson put II to blm on patriotic
ground* and ehowed blm thai in hla
own eapvrienrta* hr had • r«e«ag. r>(
value In every American who donned
the khaki. KmpeT ronaenled to write
tbe book
"Then began the taateat rr*-l*sr*tlon
nf a !-. In the history nf publiahlng.
1 honeaily b*llere." ssld Mr. Ander
eon in telling of It, • \, fast aa we
could get Kmpry lo put his Ihougbt*
oh tuspcr, we took the copy away rrom
htm; *o fast. In fart, thst he ssy* w*
literally rbuked It out of htm. As it
stands, 'Over th* Top* la really a Midler* notetanetk. but berante of Km
p»y> wrtodertul *pprec!atU>n of the
drarnaUc an.I tiamiimm In.ldeeiU. il
U probably the moal human and most
Ar..- ri.»ii book thai baa taeen written
ion lht> war
•"l"crery word In It Is Kmpey's.
JCvery thought In It I* Kmpey's.
1 Nothing was rbBnged In tbe editing,
or collating, and one of th* chic.
(charms of the book Is the> simple ton
jtrrtnge m which Rmttay tells hla story,
. Ail tbu UD» I..- -,.-;.- evsi tree soldier
Ito anrriher. l*»cause he had no idea
jthat bu book Would becon*.* m universally popular, believing. Instead.
thai |f tt had any appeal It would be
jlo *ol(U*r* only. i|e tot* bu yarns
(Just as be told them io me and other
j friend* a* we sat around In lb* »v*n-
^ Ing In Jersey City lUlsnlug to bis ra-
jctlaL In iny axagaslne and publishing
j experience I have met many authors.
j but never one who embodle* a* doe*
Kmpey tbn ability to tiv* romance, to
sense the dramatic and to raproduce
I il In words or plsy."
When l~na**r SnalTy oOBulfiH IS
sfepesr th a fiat varwlnai of -Ovar lb*
T»rr for th* VKagraph Comi»ay. of
which AlWn K. Stalth to prisittsnt. U
was Andernon. tht writer, who wa*
pears aa tb* **tbor Of th* screen
story. ta writ lag 11. b* haa jetatnstt
til of th* tmth and dramatic powar
RAINFALL OF PAST
YEAR NOT NORMAL
Tear
Ctrl
18S7
: :J
1BSB
SSS
1St»
isst
l»n
1S.81
1801
III]
tNH
..j,,,,,, ,,
14 DA
1*03
13 88
1804
14J*
31.88
1B0S
1314
1808
!»31
1810
llJt
1813
lies
--181S
7 84
1814
3I8«
18IS
34 84
1814
11.88
1817
11.JI
ISIS
SSS
LITTLE JULIA CLIFFORD
.-
ANSWERS FINAL CALL
The horn* nf Mr and Mr*. Paul
Jceeph Clifford. 417 High strael. was
a*dden*d Ihla morning at S o'clock
*h»n ib-*lr f* i i'1-a old daogbtor.
Julia Virgtn* rilffiard. waa railed to
eternal *t«.t Th* fklld bad b**t lit
f>,r ...!■.- time and -'- *!■"- *1l thai
loving hande and skilled iu--.li.al at
Ipntlon could do she failed lo respond
to tr en tin sot
The funeral will lake plarr Friday
iiKirnltif from the ramll. residence at
10 o'clock, the sermon to be dellv-
end by Ihe ».-. Sawyer of tb* First
llapriat rhurrh totermeni will lake
plar* at Cyprrss tAwa.
• Palo Alto Calendar •
* . *
••••••••••••••••••••*3***a
Tlitr—lty. At* -
.14* ■lllttf of U* M«ar Thought
Truth Center,
Satavtny, atary IS
Inuiaaal an* i-Ardt, t to T p.m. Had
Cross benefit at ameer** Club. Mania
P.irlt AU weleomo.
Stanford Calendar
*.1S p m—Organ rwcltal. by Clsr-
ko Eddy, ta tbt MaaanrlAl cfanrch.
T:SS p m.—llluelrated leetur* M
-Th* Earliest Or*ek af Prablstotic
Crato.'' by Prof O*orsn Hempl; ta th*
W**n*a**y, id
4 to 8 p. m —Mlsa Iiradford. data of
s*n, will b* At home to sludenta
and member* of tb* i" mm unity at her
r*eidenc«. 3 L*s**U *tT**L
S P- m.— Lectare. -Kdae*UcA> to Conserve th* B ta t a. - by Dr. Ai t* rt Sh 1*1 *.
eap-rinteodent tf - city scfcooU. Lot
Aagele*; in room IA. Wrtcslion bsJld-
4:1B p. ol—Orgaa raeital, by CUr-
•ece Eddy, tn tb* Maasorlal Churrh
7:W w m—(Tielr rehear**!, la tb*
Menxorial Church
ORGAN RECITALS
Tveettay. 3d
L Fugue ta K tUt. I'orpora Boost
3 •^y tba Mm." Praa* Schabert
(srrsng** by rrUrvac* knkly).
1 Salt*, -Re* Sketchet- (new), SL
8, Rionthton-l. la tb* Oratto;' L
-S«* Nympbt;" S. Taw Bireot.- 4,
"Jftptuo*.-
'1 "Improtliatlon." Arthur Foot*
(from tb* Bull* In D|.
I. 'Eveuing Ilrs.1- fS*W), Alfred
Molllaa
I Ptttlvtl Trarcat* (new). Percy
tX Fletcher
L Paatlval Pretad* aad Pugu* on
-Old Hundred.- Chxr*a*n ahSdy.
I Caalrwrt Variatw*ns an "Th* Star
Spangled Itar.ner.- fjttdkyy Batk.
3 -Itai-le Hymn ef tb* RepubSC
(Atvw) Ralph Kinder
4. "fJ.-erty Visr<h" ntw) 3 rvank
Fry singer I dedicated lo ClortteC*
9*4y.
8, latroduotng Th* MsrsellUlse."
''The lied. White and lllue "Prapaf*
ya th* way of the Lord" and "Onward Christian MSaSFS "
5. Fantast* on "My ot-l X*atacky
Home.' J E W l.-rd.
8. "11*11 Columbia." nudUy Buck
(Baal* from lh» SonaU la E Bat)
BsjntAy, 7th '
L Toccata 1* P. Johana B*bastl*n
Btvcb
I -SUppttcatlo*" Jsllt* llarriaoo
■ S. Boaata la A mtaor, Ptlii lton>«
tkl—I. Allegro ma scan iroppo; II.
Andante; III, Allegro eon ftoaa.
I. -At Twilight.' J. Prank Prysto-
inr
8. Crancert Overture In D. WlllUm
Pautkes i dedicated to CUrrne*
BMy).
ABSOLUTE SAFETY
ratbrwiBg ar* seats* «f (Jm *xir* ...
aaanrt tba **J*ty at ate memey which |>**a*t dipuli ta een- banat:
Fleet—AR our cask an ban* Xj faOy IngBff** tstatatt saneyJary Sam
****-
WttmU Osr aa****x"'**a8 have tb* ttttttSy of tba atndrs fxas**.
Third—Our buildtog and n*tnr*« art sdeosstaty raro**ct*d and tn-
s«r*d against Sr*.
Pisurth-Our vsnlt to modara an* Sra-araaf. to>ara*ghly protneted
by la* aaoat *p~to 4*t* devlc**.
aWa—Ov aouo sr. orsraaM ST • oaooaomttt, Soooa, aMtaalt.
too baloro too, or, tooao. oa. on rat osuu aw o, ODaroJoo. ot
t.leo ISO fftals. of to. oatooot laOM. *B II.
SUIS—A kit', rood oocom, to lu troolion or, uo CoolUl oa4
Horploa. Batch 00. Coptioi aod Sorotoa or* uopta. so «tf ttatoalO.10
saaar.
Ob th. hoooo of ohoaioto oofotj. ,a aaoraosDj lortio row ai.la.al.
The Stanford Bank
DoStaS Stotoo Poolol Soalota Book DasaasttarT
Wa say a» latoroot on saaathlr aolaraooo oo Sorloro
Mala OaVaa. TilO AX.TO. CAl.. Ill Daroorolt, Ara.
Broach ot atalSoaS. CaL
It'sAalDWiad
a** to tt*t right S1r*ctt*'i, *
tsrward tht co*l««i snd saw
'Wi&ons
vni k h ■ ...
em*, tua tm (•„, t,
...» i.it Sat tha.- BB*
"- I IT
SatJ mm—
• t alt ]-..-«. ...i,..^,* ,t ik, ! Itat
Ciy lle-l. ... ' \ —.. . hs n, Chi llaM
TV t'H, CsrM*..1 ■111 est aa e ll-eotS •(
►..l-nlrrs.-.— on VI -.!.». As**** .. llll. al
T...^ .1
Its., me,
lasted
«... Cat. 1*1. ,. n»t.
■ rRAMK ts. *<«-ti\.
if Oevh e*.l .Wtm
iW Cw. vf pal,, .*,!**
NOTICE TO CREDITORS
i:*»4ae tal la..-I I. rahVAasa, i.-naat., ksavwa
• aatsj (sv-hM |> r. r liana,. A..ess.*
Noatare u Wrat-i ■ et.est, », IW aaas^rsasrsarJ
sera-soTt a| lis Is. stsll mm trmumm sat
*•••' II r.'.m,. ■•■s.rllBMe tewaasi ta oaA
•Tied II K rtaTsB-w, 4ewa**A *• la* eve*
■ta el *iaj ell i - - . 1 .. i . -. , 4**100*
m astnl .tnf-lrnt, la Um Itasssi silk IS* *>fv<r*
ke fitifer.-, C-^el m 1*4 l>e SatiU Ctsia
■"sety. (.'elttiartali. •»•*■• *,B «,..„.>, .11.>
" trslt«. ef |bl*
laly
■►-I .
■ilh 1*' .-.,**.., ,.-u. •>«.,. !■ 1
Uhb et iv« 1.. .--.. », u.-U.-.
—Hits, Nw<*a a. Us-lkaavs, Tfkests IUt*4, t
"nia.(Ht> l.r.i.-f 1-4L. 11... Nt.ll 111
■---.. ,'....-... •*«,• ,l| k»„«,« ..
,**al «*■ •
~ aa* AJtoa. that* J. ....
. ntLfaiiu.
t-AYIIl M IWatOat.
r«'te*aa.s •! ibe vast ant! ,»J ee*l
I a* .*t t.latj l> >. teime
^^1
MUH.ItK*. r SMITIL
l*aU Attn, O
Palo Alto Market
Lauridson A S.mn ekier.
I'mi\r. «st
BSt 1 4sl.e-r.tiy \tew,a*
TINNEY ENTERTAINS
';-.. IV Tinnay. local undertaker. -
Usl night had *e gueeta lb* fiyRowtog ;
ntaberi of that profetvstoa wbo ar* at j
Camp rrernont Kir hard Hsmrick Of!
SUoatoo. Va, R J SatctlE, l>.:i■ »
tsAm. Wtsh , <'■■- tthuBsaeher. P--a
tolln. IdAbo: Iteary A. rlalf. i:irmu;-
California. *l*o Henry W. Muss of|
Stvn 1 '* .*'■■ :*■■ -• wbo happen** to be la I
Palo Alto
WILLIAMS RETURNS
J H Williams, for tb* past f*w;
ui.iitit.-a In charge of recreation uu.l*i
tb* War Camp Community Hetrvlce at
Camp Krct.t.i'.t *ad vtolnlly. has r«
111*1-1 frtim a trip to Waehlngtoo to;
r**um* his dutle*. which b*V* been
ei tended to In.tad- lb* aur>-rvl.!tan of I
training nap and 1-*. r>atl..i.al acUv-i
in** of tb* mtlr* PactSc . .-•:
IUnr*lovth Mr Williams wilt havtj
ceairal orbr*** In Han >'rar., ,_., ||t*l
•»■•••'.■' In Palo Alto hs* not yet j
!*-• 11 derided apon
RESIDENCE—Living Room, Dining
Room, Kitchen and Five Bedrooms
For Rent Reasonably
Would furnish for responsible
party on lease
Seven-Room Modern Bungalow
Close in. Most desirable location
in Polo Alto
For Sale—Easy Terms
Dudfield Lumber Co.
FOREST AMD ALMA
YARD PMONE P '.'.O ALTO SI MILL PHONE PALO ALTO t*%
A First Class
SHOE REPAIRING SHOP
NICK LANDONS, Prop.
Work done by machinery one) by hand
Absolutely Guaranteed
517 Ramona, Bear Unh-ersily Ave.
LA PEIRE 4 SON
GROCERS
521 Ramona Street
Phone 29
TIMES TOB rjJU*mNG
IMES Job FiuTmivG
Mr. snd Mrs II I. Cunningham *n-j
noune* the birth uf a d*ught*r. Lav-
«r*tt Mary, at tbetr horn* In Berhslsyl
y«*t*rdar. Mrs Cunningham u a al*-:
tor of Mr* J a TnS and irved m Palo''
Alto for abovl eight year* tv*for* moving to !Wrk*l«y saee.rsl month* ago '
SPECIAL NOTICES
Mis* Flint. .-'■..-.; tor ttttl* folk*.
888 Homer tvwaa*. suns Wedaeaday.
July S. laetrad est Jutv L as prariataalv 1
aanounc*>d All parvais wishing Iran. :
Irortailun aceommodalltana plena* Aoti-j
tf !■■:..(.- 9 o'clock Wedtewday morn-
tng. Telephone 111 1-J-ltj
• • •
Pianos ..tuned, all lustrnmeuta r*-
saJred. ii itobombera A r-os, an. 87.!
v-aaa* S-lSttj
0 * *
Aula bother? Talbot't i.> r, . •.,-
HSaswS*>J
* a a
CastliUJ* iVbcsol aseoanees that'
Mtos Gsrdaer will cnatinu* rliiara m
xtnno .attraction during tbe summer i
months, ror further Information tel-i
epaone J* It—AdrL
NEW TIRES COME H10H
H the** day* Tb* purchaa* U
axatter for•SSjrtaat c-cidrrxtlon Tb*
way tn save th* npansa of nww tlran
Is to snake th* old .nee last longer
If you bav* one or mere t*maA*4
it*** Itrlag tswan basra. Our valcsnis
tag c*a eftes. anv* tor rurlher Ions
--... - t:r.« ttal e*X*rwue -memta
have to t* 1
•RICKEY'S VULCANIZING WORKS,
C? High SL Pais Alto
LADIES' TAILOR -IHE SU\
MOTOR TRUCKS
FURNITURE MOVING
Lees tsvd grtacl H*u;i
Prompt sad Spactal Attontloa
Civ.
to
PHONE SS
PALO ALTO TRANSFER AND
STORAGE COMPANY
i-
Why you should use a
Gardner Carburetor
gS-g. teera -af .trace Ss *Jtt sslhsx gnarantxed. Lcwcr thrsttiln-;. trrilaTbtTT
pickup Scirotific*JJy an* aatntsaUcslly main lain* tb* correci pro-
poition ot air an* fuel to suit tb* vttfytag Bpee* or ttm* of uMtor. .No
me Ht| parts to wear and adjust, with a perfect gas at all tx*ee*s.'
which eneans p*rt*ct cssmkerttlon. tnd perfe<t *Sa**atxt*s*j msass **V
c*a*cy.
FOR SALE BY
GEO. H.AUXN
531 Emerson S
