1,721,009 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Application of high-dimensional mass cytometry to investigate the influence of bariatric surgery on the peripheral blood immune system of female morbid obese patients
No full textMorbid obesity, defined by a body mass index of equal or greater than 40 kg/m2, is associated with a reduced quality of life, severe comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension or cancer and a prevalent chronic low-grade inflammation as a result of an adipose tissue dysfunction and a disturbed microbiota-gut-brain axis. Due to its increasing numbers, methods for the treatment of obesity resulting in effective weight loss and remission of comorbidities are highly demanded. Bariatric surgery, including laparoscopic gastric sleeve and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, is considered as the gold standard for the treatment of obesity leading to long-term weight loss, adaptions in the microbiota-gut-brain axis, a release of the chronic inflammation and an effective remission of comorbidities. However, as these procedures are irreversible and massively change the anatomical structure of the gastrointestinal tract, long-term consequences like malnutrition, anemia, and impairment of the skeletal bone system might occur. Although adipocytokines, gastrointestinal hormones, lipids and bacterial metabolites show high immunomodulatory potential, studies investigating the effects of bariatric surgery on the peripheral blood immune system are rare. In this study, morbid obese, female patients undergoing bariatric surgery at Ulm University Hospital were included. Additionally, healthy, lean, female probands with a body mass index of less or equal than 25 kg/m2 were recruited to serve as a control cohort. Mass cytometry was applied to detect phenotypical alterations in peripheral blood immune cells of morbid obese patients at high resolution level. Apart from that, the capability of bariatric surgery to reverse obesity associated alterations detected in peripheral blood immune cells was evaluated. Morbid obese patients showed typical signs of low-grade chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, disturbed lipid metabolism and altered levels of adipocytokines and gastrointestinal hormones characterized by high levels of C reactive protein, fibrinogen, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, uric acid, leptin and resistin coming along with low levels of high-density lipoprotein, adiponectin, and ghrelin. Moreover, mass cytometry revealed shifts in innate and adaptive peripheral blood immune cells of morbid obese patients compared to the healthy controls. In morbid obese patients, innate immune cells like monocytes and granulocytic neutrophils showed elevated abundances and increased expression of activation and migration markers potentially promoting the migration to adipose tissue and supporting the onset of adipose tissue inflammation. Apart from that, monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cells, known to suppress T cell function, were increased in morbid obese patients. Moreover, monocytic subsets showed highly diminished expression of HLA-DR which is associated with a restricted immune response and a state of immunosuppression. Regarding adaptive immune cells, CD4+ T cells were shown to be highly influenced in the state of morbid obesity. Decreased levels of naïve T cells and increased levels of memory T cells, characterized by upregulation of IL-7 receptor subunit alpha could be observed. The disturbance of the CD4+ T cell compartment might be associated with a dysfunctional, prematurely aged thymus described in the state of morbid obesity. Interestingly, bariatric surgery was shown to effectively reverse most of the observed obesity-associated alterations within the first year post-surgery. Both procedures resulted in significant weight loss with high individual variation. Furthermore, bariatric surgery resulted in decreased levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, leukocytes, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, uric acid and increased levels of HDL indicating the release of the low-grade chronic inflammation and metabolic improvements. Leptin and adiponectin levels also normalized after surgery. However, ghrelin levels further decreased after surgery and did not recover within the first year post-surgery. Bariatric surgery also normalized the levels of granulocytes and monocytes within the first year post-surgery but resulted in further decline of NK cells and CD4+ naïve T cells. HLA-DR expression of monocytes did also not recover within the first year post-surgery. Nevertheless, the levels of NK cells and CD4+ naïve T cells as well as monocytic HLA-DR expression normalized 15 – 19 months p.s., whereas the expression of IL-7 receptor subunit alpha was still increased on CD4+ memory T cells.
This study reveals a striking impact of morbid obesity on peripheral blood immune cells, which can be described by activated innate immune cells and a disturbed CD4+ T cell compartment which is comparable to age-related changes. Moreover, the study shows the power of bariatric surgery to effectively reverse obesity associated alterations including low-grade chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, disturbed adipocytokine levels and immune cell compartments but also puts emphasis on adaptions like unphysiologically decreased ghrelin levels that occur most likely due to the anatomical changes after surgery
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
