1,721,473 research outputs found
Wettbewerbsinduzierte Unitarisierung – Der Wandel der Bund-Länder-Beziehungen in der Gesundheitspolitik, in: Scheller, Henrik/Schmid, Josef (Hrsg.):
No full textGerlinger T. Wettbewerbsinduzierte Unitarisierung – Der Wandel der Bund-Länder-Beziehungen in der Gesundheitspolitik, in: Scheller, Henrik/Schmid, Josef (Hrsg.):. In: Scheller H, Schmidt J, eds. Föderale Politikgestaltung im deutschen Bundesstaat. Variable Verflechtungsmuster in Politikfeldern. Baden-Baden: Nomos; 2008: 242-263
Bestand und Zustand des gemeindlichen Straßennetzes in Brandenburg: Mittel- und langfristige Investitionsbedarfe
Get PDFBESTAND UND ZUSTAND DES GEMEINDLICHEN STRASSENNETZES IN BRANDENBURG: MITTEL- UND LANGFRISTIGE INVESTITIONSBEDARFE
Bestand und Zustand des gemeindlichen Straßennetzes in Brandenburg: Mittel- und langfristige Investitionsbedarfe / Scheller, Henrik (Rights reserved) (-
Adding value by national reporting to sustainability approaches of the local-regional level: The case of Germany
No full textGlobal socio-environmental challenges and local impacts, global agendas, and local implementation: multi-level governance has never been more important – or more complex. To keep track of progress and the challenges in sustainable urban development, monitoring systems at all levels are at different stages of development and in need of harmonisation. In this context, national reporting can link the global level with the local one by identifying and reviewing framework conditions, and setting indicator and data standards for cities, counties, and municipalities. This raises questions about the awareness of different issues, resource imbalances and, not least, the effectiveness of standardised monitoring. This paper provides valuable insights into the lessons learned from the preparation of the first national progress report on the implementation of the New Urban Agenda. The reflections could support further governance and monitoring efforts not only at the national level but also across all levels
Cell adhesion in Arabidopsis thaliana is mediated by ECTOPICALLY PARTING CELLS 1 – a glycosyltransferase (GT64) related to the animal exostosins
No full textDespite the fact that several hundred glycosyltransferases have been identified from sequencing of plant genomes, the biological functions of only a handful have been established to date. A Poplar glycosyltransferase 64 (GT64) family member that is differentially expressed during the cell division and elongation phases of cambial growth was identified from previously generated transcript profiling of cambium tissues. The predicted Poplar GT64 protein has a closely related Arabidopsis homolog ECTOPICALLY PARTING CELLS (EPC1). Mutation of the EPC1 gene, one of three Arabidopsis GT64 family members, results in plants with a dramatically reduced growth habit, defects in vascular formation and reduced cell–cell adhesion properties in hypocotyl and cotyledon tissues. Secondary growth is enhanced in epc1 hypocotyl tissues and it is proposed that this results from the abnormal cell–cell adhesion within the cortical parenchyma cell layers. Loss of cell–cell contacts within cotyledon and leaf tissues is also proposed to account for vascular patterning defects and the fragile nature of epc1 tissues. The EPC1 protein thus plays a critical role during plant development in maintaining the integrity of organs via cell–cell adhesion, thereby providing mechanical strength and facilitating the movement of metabolites throughout the plant
The properties of the positively charged loop region in PSI-G are essential for its "spontaneous" insertion into thylakoids and rapid assembly into the photosystem I complex
No full textThe PSI-G subunit of photosystem I (PSI) is an 11-kDa membrane protein that plays an important role in electron transport between plastocyanin and PSI and is involved in the stability of the PSI complex. Within the complex, the PSI-G subunit is bound to PSI-B and is in contact with Lhca1. PSI-G has two transmembrane spans connected by a positively charged stromal loop. The loop is inaccessible to proteases, indicating a tightly bound location within the PSI complex. Here, we have studied the insertion mechanism and assembly of PSI-G. We show that the protein inserts into thylakoids by a direct or "spontaneous" pathway that does not involve the activities of any known chloroplast protein-targeting machinery. Surprisingly, the positively charged stromal loop region plays a major role in this process. Mutagenesis or deletions within this region almost invariably lead to a marked lowering of insertion efficiency, strongly indicating a critical role for the loop in the organization of the transmembrane regions prior to or during membrane insertion. Finally, we have examined the assembly of newly inserted PSI-G into the PSI complex, since very little is known of the assembly pathway for this large multimeric complex. Interestingly, we find that inserted PSI-G can be found within the full PSI complex within the import assay time frame after insertion into thylakoids, strongly suggesting that PSI-G normally associates at the end of the assembly process. This is consistent with its location on the periphery of the complex
Uptake of a fluorescent dye as a swift and simple indicator of organelle intactness: import-competent chloroplasts from soil-grown Arabidopsis
No full textWe developed a rapid and reliable technique for specifically staining intact chloroplasts using the fluorescent dye carboxyfluorescein diacetate. Intact, import-competent chloroplasts were isolated simply and rapidly from soil-grown Arabidopsis thaliana plants, with yields of 20 ± 5 µg chlorophyll per g FW, greater than previously reported yields from soil-grown Arabidopsis. Traditional chloroplast isolation buffers sometimes contain low concentrations (<10 mM) sodium ascorbate as a general-purpose anti-oxidant, but we found that only Arabidopsis chloroplasts isolated in the presence of high concentrations (50–100 mM) of sodium ascorbate in the initial grinding buffer were import-competent
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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Investigating Genetic Components of the Symbiosis-associated Glycocalyx in Medicago truncatula
Get PDFPlants form a variety of endosymbiotic relationships with bacteria and fungi that promote plant growth and fitness through reciprocal nutrient exchange. Central to the development and function of endosymbiotic relationships is the synthesis of a specialized host-derived membrane, which compartmentalizes the endosymbiont inside plant cells, and creates a dynamic interface for the exchange of nutrients and information. The development of these interfaces is dependent upon bidirectional signaling between the plant and microorganism, and is highly coordinated with the morphological differentiation of the endosymbiont within plant cells. Previous studies using glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies indicated that glycoproteins, glycolipids, and pectic polysaccharides localize to periarbuscular and symbiosome membranes. Among these epitopes were arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and glycosyl inositolphophorylceramides (GIPCs), which have potent signaling properties in plants. These epitopes appeared to be developmentally regulated, which led to the hypothesis that a membrane-associated glycocalyx of glycoproteins and glycolipids might be important for mediating interactions through these membrane interfaces. However, AGPs have not been well documented outside of Arabidosis thaliana and are intrinsically disordered, which make them difficult to identify and study in plants species capable of forming endosymbiosis. Here, we have developed a new bioinformatic search tool that identifies AGP-encoding genes based on the noncontiguous hydroxyproline motifs that direct AGP glycosylation. We used this tool to identify all putative AGP-encoding genes in the Medicago truncatula genome, which were cross-referenced to transcriptomic studies of roots engaged in symbiosis with Sinohizobium meliloti and the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Rhizohagus irregularis. Using this approach we identified a small three-member family of tandemly duplicated SYMBIOSIS-ASSOCIATED ARABINOGALACTAN PEPTIDES (SAPs) that were differentially expressed in root nodules and AM colonized roots. SAPs localized to symbiotic membranes and knockdown of SAP expression using RNAi-mediated gene silencing impaired the growth and differentiation of Sinorhizobium meliloti and Rhizphagus irregularis within these compartments. In parallel we also identified a glycosyltransferase gene highly expressed in root nodules and AM colonized roots as GIPC GLUCOSAMINE TRANSFERASE 1 (GINT1), and showed that the corresponding GINT1 enzyme functions in the synthesis of HexN(Ac) decorated GIPCs in planta. Silencing of GINT1 using RNAi impaired the development of symbiotic membranes, which resulted in the senescence of symbiosomes and arbuscules. Taken together these results provide genetic evidence to support that reprogramming of the membrane-associated glycocalyx with specific AGPs and GIPCs is necessary for endosymbiosis
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