291 research outputs found
Untersuchungen zur antimikrobiellen Aktivität C-terminaler Peptide des murinen Ifapsoriasins/Filaggrin-2
No full textAntimikrobielle Peptide sind Bestandteil des angeborenen Immunsystems. Sie werden unter anderem von Keratinozyten der Haut exprimiert. Zu den Strukturproteinen der Haut gehört die Proteinfamilie der "S-100 fused-type"-Proteine, welche im "Epidermalen Differenzierungskomplex" des humanen Chromosoms 1q21 kodiert wird. Diese Proteinfamilie beinhaltet das Protein Filaggrin-2. Filaggrin-2 enthält verschiedene antimikrobiell aktive Bereiche N-terminal, im B1-Repeat und im C-Terminus. Im C-Terminus wurde eine Aminosäuresequenz entdeckt, die hochkonserviert in 25 verschiedenen Säugetierspezies vorhanden war. In dieser Arbeit wurden zwei Proteinfragmente des C-Terminus vom murinen Filaggrin-2 als Ortholog zum humanen Filaggrin-2 untersucht. Die Proteine mFLG-2 2060-2117 und mFLG-2 2080-2117 lagen innerhalb des hochkonservierten Abschnittes des C-Terminus. Sie wurden rekombinant hergestellt und im Radialdiffusionstest gegen E. coli und P. aeruginosa getestet, zeigten jedoch keine antimikrobielle Aktivität. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigte ein synthetisch hergestelltes Protein mFLG-2 2055-2109, das weiter N-terminal begann und C-terminal verkürzt war, antimikrobielle Aktivität gegen E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. stutzeri und S. aureus. Dieses Ergebnis führte zu der Erkenntnis, dass die alleinige, hochkonservierte Aminosäuresequenz nicht oder nicht allein für die antibakterielle Wirkung verantwortlich ist, sondern dafür zusätzliche N-terminal gelegene Aminosäuren oder die C-terminale Verkürzung von Bedeutung sind. Weitere intensive Forschung ist nötig, um zu verstehen welche Aminosäuren zusätzlich notwendig sind, damit die antimikobielle Aktivität erzielt werden kann
Modulation der Funktion humaner regulatorischer T-Zellen durch den Notch-Signalweg
No full textRegulatorische T-Zellen (Tregs) sind essenziell für die Aufrechterhaltung der Selbsttoleranz und die Kontrolle überschießender Immunantworten. Ein zentraler Mechanismus ihrer suppressiven Funktion ist die Produktion des anti-inflammatorischen Zytokins IL-10, dessen Regulation in humanen Tregs bislang unzureichend verstanden ist. Da der Notch-Signalweg in Kombination mit den über STAT3 wirkenden Zytokinen IFN-α, IL-6 und IL-21 in Effektorzellen eine IL-10-Produktion induziert, untersuchte diese Arbeit, ob vergleichbare Effekte in Tregs nachweisbar sind. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass konventionelle T-Zellen (Tcons) und Tregs die Notch-Rezeptoren 1 und 2 sowie die Metalloproteasen ADAM10 und ADAM17 exprimieren und durch den Notch-Liganden DLL4 aktiviert werden. Die kombinierte Stimulation mit IFN-α/IL-6/IL-21/DLL4 führte in beiden Zelltypen zu einer verstärkten IL-10-Produktion, die in memory-Zellen stärker ausgeprägt war als in naiven Zellen. Während in Tcons eine Korrelation mit dem Transkriptionsfaktor c-Maf bestand, deuten die Ergebnisse in Tregs auf zusätzliche, bislang unbekannte regulatorische Faktoren hin. Darüber hinaus beeinflusste die Stimulation die Expression coinhibitorischer Rezeptoren (Tim-3, LAG-3, CTLA-4, PD-1, TIGIT), wobei deutliche Unterschiede zwischen Tcons und Tregs sowie zwischen naiven und memory Zellen beobachtet wurden. Die Inhibition von ADAM10/17 reduzierte Notch-abhängige Effekte, wobei ADAM10 eine Schlüsselrolle einnahm. Diese Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Bedeutung von IFN-α/IL-6/IL-21/DLL4-vermittelten Signalen für die Regulation von IL-10 und coinhibitorischen Rezeptoren in T-Zellen. Sie liefern erste Hinweise auf zelltypspezifische Unterschiede sowie auf eine besondere Rolle von ADAMs in Tregs und bilden damit eine Grundlage für zukünftige therapeutische Ansätze bei gestörter IL-10-Produktion
Selbst- und Fremdbilder in Alexander von Humboldts Reisebericht
No full textStereotype helfen uns bei der Verarbeitung komplexer Informationen. Sie dienen dazu diese zu vereinfachen. In dieser Arbeit werden Stereotype in den allgemeinen Reisebeschreibungen Alexander von Humboldts amerikanischer Forschungsreise von 1799 bis 1804 untersucht. Dabei werden die verschiedenen Bände der ersten beiden deutschsprachigen Übersetzungen miteinander verglichen. Es werden hier exemplarische Fremd- und Selbstbilder herausgearbeitet werden. Einerseits werden diese mit dem anthropologischen Ansatz Georg Forsters (1754-1794) in Verbindung gebracht und andererseits werden diese auch vor dem Hintergrund bestimmter globalgeschichtlicher Ereignisse betrachtet. Natürlich darf nicht außer Acht gelassen werden, dass es sich bei den untersuchten Quellen um Übersetzungen handelt. Die Rolle der verschiedenen Übersetzer muss also ebenfalls kritisch, im Kontext mit der Rezeption der Werke, betrachtet werden.Stereotypes are essential for us to obtain information and to process them and to handle the enormous amount of impressions every day. In this diploma thesis the author discusses stereotypes in the account of Alexander von Humboldt's journey to South America in the years of 1799 to 1804 comparing the two German translations of the original French issue of the „Relation historique”. Which kind of stereotypes are there? Where are they coming from, or have they been created in the text itself? These two German editions have a different history of reception which will also be discussed, including the main problems which accompany them. There is a significant difference between both editions, which will also appear in the Stereotypes within the text. One of the main purposes of this diploma thesis is to ask for the self-perception and the perception of others (auto-stereotype and hetero-stereotype) in this texts. Indeed there are many images of Alexander von Humboldt and the problems of those different Humboldt-images which has been created by historiography will be discussed as well. The Stereotypes will on the one hand, be investigated considering anthropological aspects created by the explorer and scientist Georg Forster (1754-1794) and on the other hand, viewed in the context of events of global historical importance
Studies in Platoʹs Phaedo: Approaches by Gregory Plastos, Hans-Georg Gadamer and Alexander Nehamas
No full textŠajā bakalaura darbā pievēršos trīs nozīmīgu 20. gadsimta Platona lasītāju - Gregorija Vlastosa, Hansa-Georga Gadamera un Aleksandra Nehamasa - tekstiem, kas veltīti Platona darbam Faidons. Darba pirmajās trīs nodaļās aplūkoju katra autora trīs Faidonu komentējošus tekstus, pieņēmumus, secinājumus un pieejas, kas tajos uzrādāmas, kā arī katra autora saistību ar Platona lasījumu tradīcijām. Ceturtajā nodaļā salīdzinu kopīgo un atšķirīgo Vlastosa, Gadamera un Nehamasa uzskatos un metodēs, bet darba noslēgumā sniedzu visu trīs autoru pieeju izvērtējumu. Darba ietvaros aplūkoju Gregorija Vlastosa darbus “Iemesli un cēloņi Faidonā”, “Piezīme par “pāviliskajām predikācijām” Platona darbos” un “Realitātes pakāpes Platona darbos”; Hansa-Georga Gadamera darbus “Nemirstības pierādījumi Platona Faidonā”, “Dzīvība un dvēsele: Faidons”, “Dvēsele starp dabu un garu”; Aleksandra Nehamasa rakstus “Predikācija un pretējību formas Faidonā”, “Platons par sajūtamās pasaules nepilnīgumu” un “Pašpredikācija un Platona formu teorija”.This bachelor’s thesis is dedicated to the works by Gregory Vlastos, Hans-Georg Gadamer, and Alexander Nehamas - three significant figures in 20th century Plato scholarship - which specifically deal with Plato’s Phaedo. The first three chapters of the work give an overview of three commentaries on Phaedo by each author as well as their assumptions, conclusions, distinct approaches and ties to different traditions of Plato’s interpretation. The fourth chapter compares the similarities and differences between the views and methods of Vlastos, Gadamer, and Nehamas, but the evaluation of the three approaches is provided in the conclusion of the work. The works analyzed are “Reasons and Cause in the Phaedo”, “A Note on “Pauline Predications” in Plato”, “Degrees of Reality in Plato” by Gregory Vlastos; “Proofs of Immortality in Plato’s Phaedo”, “Life and Soul: The Phaedo”, “Soul between Nature and Spirit” by Hans-Georg Gadamer; “Predication and Forms of Opposites in the Phaedo”, “Plato on the Imperfection of the Sensible World”, “Self-Predication and Plato’s Theory of Forms” by Alexander Nehamas
Reprinted Excerpt from Writing Backwards: Historical Fiction and the Reshaping of the American Canon (2023) : by Alexander Manshel, and an Interview with the Author
No full textAlexander Manshel talks to the editors about his first book, Writing Backwards: Historical Fiction and the Reshaping of the American Canon (Columbia University Press, 2023), part of which is reprinted here with his permission (Chapter 2: The Making of the Greatest Generation). As the author writes, the book argues that over the last forty years the American literary field has transformed to celebrate narratives of the historical past over all other literary genres. In this period, key literary institutions—from the National Endowment for the Arts to major literary prizes and university English departments—have worked to promote the idea that historical fiction is singular in its artistic seriousness, its pedagogical utility, and its political potency. This shift in literary value has gone hand in hand with the increasing recognition and canonization of Black, Asian American, Latinx, and Indigenous writers in the United States: that is, the vast majority of minoritized writers who have been consecrated by these institutions over the last four decades have been celebrated for writing about the historical past
Path-following analysis of the dynamical response of a piecewise-linear capsule system
No full textAcknowledgements The first author has been supported by a Georg Forster Research Fellowship granted by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, GermanyPeer reviewe
Talking about a Christine Borland sculpture: effective empathy in contemporary anatomy art (and an emerging counterpart in medical training?)
No full textThis Introduction and interview discusses the poetical and empathic insights that are a key to the effectiveness of contemporary artist Christine Borland's practice and its relevance to the medical humanities, visual art research and medical students’ training. It takes place in a context of intensive interest in reciprocity and conversation as well as expert exchange between the fields of Medicine and Contemporary Arts. The interview develops an understanding of medical research and the application of its historical resources and contemporary practice-based research in contemporary art gallery exhibitions. Artists tend not to follow prescriptive programmes towards new historical knowledge, however, a desire to form productive relationships between history and contemporary art practice does reveal practical advantages. Borland's research also includes investigations in anatomy, medical practices and conservatio
Georg Forster Voyager, Naturalist, Revolutionary
No full text"Marvelous. . . . Wonderfully imaginative. . . . Sparkling."-Wall Street Journal "Stunning. . . . Read this book: in equal measure it will give you hope and trouble your dreams."-Laura Dassow Walls, author of Henry David Thoreau: A Life and Passage to Cosmos: Alexander von Humboldt's Shaping of America Georg Forster (1754-94) was in many ways self-taught and rarely had two cents to rub together, but he became one of the most dynamic figures of the Enlightenment: a brilliant writer, naturalist, explorer, illustrator, translator-and a revolutionary. Granted the extraordinary opportunity to sail around the world as part of Captain James Cook's fabled crew, Forster touched icebergs, walked the beaches of Tahiti, visited far-flung foreign nations, lived with purported cannibals, and crossed oceans and the equator.Forster recounted the journey in his 1777 book A Voyage Round the World, a work of travel and science that not only established Forster as one of the most accomplished stylists of the time-and led some to credit him as the inventor of the literary travel narrative-but also influenced other German trailblazers of scientific and literary writing, most notably Alexander von Humboldt. A superb essayist, Forster made lasting contributions to our scientific-and especially botanical and ornithological-knowledge of the South Seas. Having witnessed more egalitarian societies in the southern hemisphere, Forster returned after more than three years at sea to a monarchist Europe entering the era of revolution. When, following the French Revolution of 1789, French forces occupied the German city of Mainz, Forster became a leading political actor in the founding of the Republic of Mainz-the first democratic state on German soil. In an age of Kantian reason, Forster privileged experience.He claimed a deep connection between nature and reason, nature and politics, nature and revolution. His politics was radical in its understanding of revolution as a natural phenomenon, and in this often overlooked way his many facets-as voyager, naturalist, and revolutionary-were intertwined. Yet, in the constellation of the Enlightenment's trailblazing naturalists, scientists, political thinkers, and writers, Forster's star remains relatively dim today: the Republic of Mainz was crushed, and Forster died in exile in Paris. This book is the source of illumination that Forster's journey so greatly deserves. Tracing the arc of this unheralded polymath's short life, Georg Forster explores both his contributions to literature and science and the enduring relationship between nature and politics that threaded through his extraordinary four decade
Public Schools of Dorpat District in the Beginning of the Reign of Emperor Alexander the First
No full textThe purpose of the article is to show the nature of the relationship between Emperor
Alexander I, professor of the University of Dorpat Georg Friedrich Parrot and members of
the Ministry of Public Education in the process of discussing the reform of parish schools
in the Dorpat educational district at the beginning of the 19th century. Professor Parrot
became the author of a project on the establishment of parish schools in the district, and his
close friendship with the king made it possible to hope for the approval of his ideas by the
minister. However, having received the initial support of the emperor, the Dorpat professor
faced resistance from some members of the Main Directorate of Schools who did not want
to amend the decisions which had already been adopted, and then the military conflict with
France became a serious obstacle to the implementation of the planned transformations. Over
the course of two years, Parrot had made changes to the text of the draft three times, but could
not achieve the final consent of Alexander I. The author comes to the conclusion that Parrot’s
desire to get special conditions and partial state maintenance for parish schools of the Dorpat
district was unfeasible given the context of the protracted war and the worst financial crisis.
The article introduces into scholarship an unpublished correspondence between the emperor
and the Dorpat professor, which significantly supplements the idea of the reforms of public
education in the first decade of the 19th century.The article was prepared with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework
of project No. 20-09-00162 “Emperor Alexander I and Professor G. F. Parrot: discussions on the ways
of reforming Russia”
A interrogação da alegoria em O louco do cati
No full textO artigo analisa a alegoria na obra Louco do Cati, de Dyonélio Machado, partindo da leitura que Hans-Georg Gadamer propõe em Verdade e Método. Buscando situar a continuidade histórica do Cati no tempo presente, interrogando a História da Guerra Civil de 1893, pensaremos a urgência da denuncia do Louco na atualidade. A partir de elementos da textualidade do livro é proposta uma nova chave de leitura para sua alegoria.The study starts from the hermeneutic reading proposed by Hans-Georg Gadamer in Truth and Method, to analyze the allegory in the novel O Louco do Cati, by brazilian author Dyonélio Machado. By locating the historical continuity of the “Cati” down to the present day and questioning the historicity of Federalist Civil War from 1893 to now, we can rethink the urgency of the character Louco do Cati in the present. A new reading of his allegory is proposed on the basis of descriptions of the Louco do Cati
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