130,730 research outputs found
Inactivation of Matrix-bound Matrix Metalloproteinases by Cross-linking Agents in Acid-etched Dentin.
No full textSUMMARY Objectives: Published transmission electron microscopy analysis of in vitro resin-dentin bonds shows that in 44 months almost 70% of collagen fibrils from the hybrid layer disappear. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in that process and are thought to be the main factor responsible for the solubilization of dentin collagen. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the inactivation of matrix-bound MMPs by two different cross-linking agents, carbodiimide (EDC) or proanthocyanidin (PA), or the MMP-inhibitor, chlorhexidine (CHX), on acid-etched dentin using a simplified MMP assay method. Materials and Methods: Dentin beams (2×1×6 mm) were obtained from mid-coronal dentin of sound third molars and randomly divided into six groups (G) according to the dentin treatment: G1: Deionized water (control); G2: 0.1 M EDC; G3: 0.5 M EDC; G4: 0.5 M EDC + 35% hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA); G5: 5% PA; and G6: 2% CHX. The beams were etched for 15 seconds with 37% phosphoric acid, rinsed, and then immersed for 60 seconds in one of the treatment solutions. The data were expressed both in absorbance values at 412 nm and in MMP-9 activity equivalents. The total MMP activity of dentin was analyzed for one hour by colorimetric assay (Sensolyte). Data were submitted to Wilcoxon nonparametric test and Mann-Whitney tests (p>0.05). Results: All experimental cross-linking solutions significantly reduced MMP activity from 79.8% to 95.2% compared to the control group. No difference was observed among 0.1 M EDC (84.8%), 5% PA (87.6%), and 2% CHX (79.8%). Addition of 35% HEMA to 0.5 M EDC produced inactivation (95.2%) that was similar to that of 0.5 M EDC alone (92.7%). Conclusion: Dentin treatment with cross-linking agents is effective to significantly reduce MMP activity. Mixing 0.5 M EDC and 35% HEMA did not influence EDC inhibitor potential
Meet you in the elevator! Pitching yourself and your research
No full textScheffel, M., & Börner, D. (2013, 31 May). Meet you in the elevator! Pitching yourself and your research. Workshop presentation at the 9th Joint European Summer School on Technology Enhanced Learning, Limassol, Cyprus.Workshop presentation at the at the 9th Joint European Summer School on Technology Enhanced Learning in Limassol, Cyprus
An abortive attempt of David Scheffel and Josef Kandert
No full textA disputative contribution to the article Politics and Culture in Czech Ethnography (Anthropological Quarterly 67, 1994) written by D. Scheffel and J. Kandert shows its serious failings. The study of the history of the Czech ethnography must be analytical, not only essaystic and of problematic quality such as Scheffels and Kanderts article
Energy Confinement in the Advanced RFP
No full textIn earlier numerical studies [1,2] of confinement in the optimized, conventional reversed-field pinch (RFP), the scaling of energy confinement time with plasma current and density was found to be too weak to lead into fusion relevant regimes. In the advanced RFP, however, the detrimental magnetic (dynamo) fluctuations are largely eliminated by the presence of an externally applied electric field. This field is adjusted to generate a tearing mode stable parallel current density profile. Previous studies [3,4] used a gaussian shaped electric field with given width and amplitude that was localised at some minor radius of the plasma. A threefold increase in energy confinement was found, but the three associated parameters made further optimisation difficult. In the present work a new, parameter free scheme for current profile control is introduced. An automatic control system continuously replaces the dynamo electric field. Early results indicate strong energy confinement enhancement.[1] J. Scheffel and D. D. Schnack, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000) 322.[2] J. Scheffel and D. D. Schnack, Nucl. Fusion 40 (2000) 1885.[3] C. R. Sovinec and S. C. Prager, Nucl. Fusion 39 (1999) 777.[4] J. Scheffel and D. D. Schnack, International RFP Workshop, Stockholm 2002.</p
Kennziffern im Tourismus am Beispiel der Deutschen Weinstrasse
No full textMannheim, Univ., Diss., 1992 u.d.T.: Scheffel, Ralf: Kennziffern im TourismusAvailable from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel A 203299 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman
A contribution to the discussion over the article of D. Scheffel and J. Kandert "Politics and culture in Czech ethnography" (Anthropological Quaterly 67, 1994)
No full textA disputative contribution to the article Politics and Culture in Czech Ethnography (Anthropological Quarterly 67, 1994) written by D. Scheffel and J. Kandert shows its serious failings. The study of the history of the Czech ethnography must be analytical
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Microspectroscopy Enables the Direct Characterization of Biomineral-Associated Organic Material on Single Calcareous Microskeletons
No full textBiominerals are composite materials with inorganic and organic components. The latter provide insights into how organisms control mineralization and, if derived from micro/nannofossils, into past climates. Many calcifying organisms cannot be cultured or are extinct; the only materials available for their study are therefore complex environmental samples in which the organism of interest may only be a minor component. There is currently no method for characterizing the biomineral-associated organic material from single particles within such assemblages, so its compositional diversity is unknown. Focusing on coccoliths, we demonstrate that surface-enhanced Raman scattering microspectroscopy can be used to determine the origin and composition of fossil organic matter at the single-particle level in a heterogeneous micro/nannofossil assemblage. This approach may find applications in the study of micro/nannofossil assemblages and uncultivated species, providing evolutionary insights into the macromolecular repertoire involved in biomineralization
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
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