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The constitutive work of non-humans at the development of a (self)-tracking technology : a reconstruction from the actor-network-theory
No full textPanel: Frameworks of Agency and Dis/Media. The Significance of Current Digital Technologies and Dis-/Abling Media PracticesThe phenomenon of self-tracking is very popular in the society. Many people in the private and wellbeing sector use self-tracking technologies like apps and wearables. These technologies are worn on the body or even in the body. They measure behavior patterns, emotional states or body performances and translate them into data. This illustrates the close connection between human and technology, which extends into the human body. Self-tracking technologies are the result of many interconnected and heterogeneous actors. Thus, they cannot be fully understood if they are considered as isolated technical artifacts.
Such a tracking technology is the actibelt, in which the activity sensor is integrated in the belt that measures the physical activity of the patients over several days. The aim of this work is to reconstruct the actibelt from the actor network theory (ANT), with a focus on the non-humans of the actibelt-actor-network.
Drawing on qualitative interviews with users (patients, health professionals) and technology developers, and ethnographic observations, this study analyzes the contribution of non-humans at the translation process of the actibelt-actor-network. I will show how the non-humans fulfil an important function between the users and technology developers by translate the instructions of the technology developers to the users (operating instructions, flyers) and the wishes and experiences of the users to the technology developers (in presentations, publications, reports). In this way, the non-humans (temporarily) stabilize the actor-network
The constitutive work of non-humans at the development of a (self)-tracking technology : a reconstruction from the actor-network-theory
No full textPanel: Frameworks of Agency and Dis/Media. The Significance of Current Digital Technologies and Dis-/Abling Media PracticesThe phenomenon of self-tracking is very popular in the society. Many people in the private and wellbeing sector use self-tracking technologies like apps and wearables. These technologies are worn on the body or even in the body. They measure behavior patterns, emotional states or body performances and translate them into data. This illustrates the close connection between human and technology, which extends into the human body. Self-tracking technologies are the result of many interconnected and heterogeneous actors. Thus, they cannot be fully understood if they are considered as isolated technical artifacts.
Such a tracking technology is the actibelt, in which the activity sensor is integrated in the belt that measures the physical activity of the patients over several days. The aim of this work is to reconstruct the actibelt from the actor network theory (ANT), with a focus on the non-humans of the actibelt-actor-network.
Drawing on qualitative interviews with users (patients, health professionals) and technology developers, and ethnographic observations, this study analyzes the contribution of non-humans at the translation process of the actibelt-actor-network. I will show how the non-humans fulfil an important function between the users and technology developers by translate the instructions of the technology developers to the users (operating instructions, flyers) and the wishes and experiences of the users to the technology developers (in presentations, publications, reports). In this way, the non-humans (temporarily) stabilize the actor-network
The pivotal function of non-human actors in the acceptability of the body technology, Actibelt® : a reconstruction based on actor-network-theory
Get PDFThis paper explores the question of how non-human actors contribute to the acceptability of technologies. Acceptance and acceptability of technologies were examined as network formation and not, as in conventional technology acceptance models, as adoption by individual human actors. Using the approach of translation sociology, the acceptance work necessary for network formation was examined. As a result, the (technical) actibelt®-Actor-Network and five modes of acceptance work by non-human actors and their effects on patients were identified. The different modes of acceptance work show that non-human actors, such as events, meetings, graphs, and socio-technical discourses, are not passive actors in the development of technology, but can enable, hinder, or condition acceptability. Therefore, nonhuman actors play a central and constitutive role in the translation process by performing acceptance work and contributing to the stabilisation and acceptability of the actibelt®-Actor-Network
Acceptance work by non-humans at the development of new technologies : a reconstruction from the actor-network-theory
No full textPart of the session "Social in/justice through datadriven healthcare technologies : empirical findings of early career researchers"The acceptability of technologies is one of the biggest challenges in the development of new technologies. Research in the field of social sciences offers various theoretical and methodological approaches to explain acceptance, acceptability and technology adoption. Different criteria of acceptance are used, e.g. utility, ease of use, aesthetics, contextual, individual and social differences. From the perspective of the actor network theory (ANT) (Callon 1984; Latour 2005) new technologies are the result of many interconnected and heterogeneous actors. They cannot be fully understood if they are considered as isolated technical artifacts (Callon 2006).
This work will examine acceptance and acceptability of technologies as network formation and not, as in conventional technology acceptance models, as adoption by individual human actors. Using the concept of translation sociology (Callon 1984, 2006), the acceptance work necessary for network formation was examined.
For this purpose, a case study on the actibelt® technology (www.actibelt.com) was conducted. The actibelt® is a body tracking technology that measures physical activity of patients over a period of several days using a belt with an integrated activity sensor. The aim of this work is to reconstruct the actibelt from the perspective of ANT, with a focus on the non-humans of the actibelt-actor-network.
Drawing on qualitative interviews with users (patients, health professionals) and technology developers, and ethnographic observations, this study explored the question of how non-human actors contribute to the acceptability of technologies.
As a result, the (technical) actibelt®-Actor-Network and five modes of acceptance work by non-human actors and their effects on patients were identified. The different modes of acceptance work show that non-human actors, such as events, meetings, graphs and socio-technical discourses, participating in the actibelt-actor-network. Non-humans are not passive actors in the development of technology, but can enable, hinder or condition acceptability. Therefore, non-human actors play a central and constitutive role in the translation process by performing acceptance work and contributing to the stabilisation and acceptability of the actibelt®-Actor-Network
Der Beitrag nicht-menschlicher Entitäten zur Akzeptanz von Technologien am Beispiel des Bewegungsmessers „actibelt“ : eine Rekonstruktion aus der Perspektive der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie
Get PDFTechnikakzeptanz ist ein zentrales Thema in der Technikentwicklung und -einführung, wie aktuelle Diskussionen über die elektronische Patientenakte, Gentechnik und die Energiewende zeigen. Trotz des offensichtlichen Nutzens vieler technischer Innovationen stoßen sie häufig auf Widerstand. Dies wird besonders bei der Energiewende in Deutschland deutlich: Obwohl die Mehrheit der Bevölkerung Klima- und Umweltschutz befürwortet, lehnen viele Veränderungen wie den Einbau von Wärmepumpen oder das Verbot von Verbrennungsmotoren ab. Dieses Paradoxon zeigt, dass vorteilhafte Innovationen nicht automatisch akzeptiert werden.
In der sozialwissenschaftlichen Technikforschung gibt es verschiedene Ansätze zur Erklärung von Akzeptanz. Eine Perspektive fokussiert auf die Technologie selbst und betrachtet menschliche Akteure als passive Benutzer. Die zweite Perspektive bezieht soziale und gesellschaftliche Faktoren ein und sieht Technologien als passive Objekte. Beide Perspektiven betrachten nicht-menschliche Akteure als passive Objekte und Mittel zum Zweck. Trotz dieser Ansätze bleiben viele Akzeptanzprobleme unvollständig erklärt und verstanden.
Daher schlägt die Studie einen Perspektivenwechsel vor und sieht Akzeptanz als ein Netzwerk aus menschlichen und nicht-menschlichen Akteuren. Der Fokus liegt auf den nicht-menschlichen Elementen, um deren Rolle in der Akzeptanzarbeit sichtbar zu machen. Anhand des Beispiels des actibelt, eines mobilen Aufzeichnungssystems für Bewegungen, wird gezeigt, wie diese Elemente zur Akzeptanz beitragen.
Aus der Perspektive der Akteur-Netzwerk-Theorie wird der Beitrag nicht-menschlicher Akteure zur Herstellung der Akzeptanz analysiert und sichtbar gemacht. Diese Perspektive ermöglicht eine detaillierte Betrachtung des technischen Netzwerks der actibelt-Technologie und betont die Bedeutung nicht-menschlicher Elemente für die Akzeptanz. Dabei wurde die bislang unspezifische Vermittlungs- und Übersetzungsarbeit, hier als Akzeptanzarbeit konzeptualisiert, differenziert beschrieben. Fünf verschiedene Typen von Akzeptanzarbeit wurden identifiziert, die die Vielfalt der nicht-menschlichen Akteure im actibelt-Akteur-Netzwerk sowie deren spezifische Auswirkungen auf die Akzeptanz aufzeigen. Es wurde deutlich, wie die Akzeptanzarbeit der nicht-menschlichen Akteure die Stabilität des Akteur-Netzwerks fördern, behindern oder bedingen kann.
Technology acceptance is a key issue in the development and introduction of technology, as current discussions about electronic patient files, genetic engineering and the energy transition show. Despite the obvious benefits of many technical innovations, they often meet with resistance. This is particularly evident in the case of the energy transition in Germany: although the majority of the population is in favor of climate and environmental protection, many reject changes such as the installation of heat pumps or the ban on combustion engines. This paradox shows that beneficial innovations are not automatically accepted.
In the field of science and technology studies, there are various approaches to explaining acceptance. One perspective focuses on the technology itself and views human actors as passive users. The second perspective includes social and societal factors and sees technologies as passive objects. Both perspectives view non-human actors as passive objects and means to an end. Despite these approaches, many acceptance problems remain incompletely explained and understood.
Therefore, the study proposes a change of perspective and sees acceptance as a network of human and non-human actors. The focus is on the non-human elements to make their role in acceptance work visible. The example of the actibelt, a mobile recording system for movements, is used to show how these elements contribute to acceptance.
From the perspective of actor-network theory, the contribution of non-human actors to the creation of acceptance is analyzed and made visible. This perspective enables a detailed consideration of the technical network of actibelt technology and emphasizes the importance of non-human elements for acceptance. The previously unspecific mediation and translation work, conceptualized here as acceptance work, was described in a differentiated manner. Five different types of acceptance work were identified, showing the diversity of non-human actors in the actibelt actor network and their specific effects on acceptance. It became clear how the acceptance work of the non-human actors can promote, hinder, or condition the stability of the actor network
Acceptance work by non-humans at the development of new technologies : a reconstruction from the actor-network-theory
No full textPart of the session "Social in/justice through datadriven healthcare technologies : empirical findings of early career researchers"The acceptability of technologies is one of the biggest challenges in the development of new technologies. Research in the field of social sciences offers various theoretical and methodological approaches to explain acceptance, acceptability and technology adoption. Different criteria of acceptance are used, e.g. utility, ease of use, aesthetics, contextual, individual and social differences. From the perspective of the actor network theory (ANT) (Callon 1984; Latour 2005) new technologies are the result of many interconnected and heterogeneous actors. They cannot be fully understood if they are considered as isolated technical artifacts (Callon 2006).
This work will examine acceptance and acceptability of technologies as network formation and not, as in conventional technology acceptance models, as adoption by individual human actors. Using the concept of translation sociology (Callon 1984, 2006), the acceptance work necessary for network formation was examined.
For this purpose, a case study on the actibelt® technology (www.actibelt.com) was conducted. The actibelt® is a body tracking technology that measures physical activity of patients over a period of several days using a belt with an integrated activity sensor. The aim of this work is to reconstruct the actibelt from the perspective of ANT, with a focus on the non-humans of the actibelt-actor-network.
Drawing on qualitative interviews with users (patients, health professionals) and technology developers, and ethnographic observations, this study explored the question of how non-human actors contribute to the acceptability of technologies.
As a result, the (technical) actibelt®-Actor-Network and five modes of acceptance work by non-human actors and their effects on patients were identified. The different modes of acceptance work show that non-human actors, such as events, meetings, graphs and socio-technical discourses, participating in the actibelt-actor-network. Non-humans are not passive actors in the development of technology, but can enable, hinder or condition acceptability. Therefore, non-human actors play a central and constitutive role in the translation process by performing acceptance work and contributing to the stabilisation and acceptability of the actibelt®-Actor-Network
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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