1,720,972 research outputs found
Alterações metabólicas em portadores de vírus HIV vivendo no sul do Brasil
Full text linkDissertação (Mestrado)A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS), causada pelo vírus da
imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Relatórios da UNAIDS.org estimam que exista entre
450 000 e 1 400 000 pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids no Brasil em 2020. Neste mesmo
ano, 13 000 pessoas morreram em decorrência da aids e houve cerca de 48 000
novos casos de infecção por HIV. Ainda não existe cura para esta afecção, desta
forma a rápida detecção de novos casos, instituição precoce de tratamento
antirretroviral (TARV) e extensa difusão de informação a respeito desta doença,
constituem as medidas mais valiosas para reduzir a transmissão do HIV. Devido ao
avanço dos esquemas terapêuticos antirretrovirais, pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids na
atualidade apresentam expectativa de vida maior que o observado há duas décadas,
embora esta ainda esteja aquém da expectativa de vida de pessoas HIV-negativas.
Esta diferença deve-se, em parte, a alta ocorrência de doenças crônicas nãotransmissíveis (DCNT), como por exemplo, doenças cardiovasculares e diabetes
mellitus tipo 2. A região sul do Brasil, detentora de uma das maiores prevalências de
infectados por HIV do país, apresenta fatores ambientais e hábitos não saudáveis,
relacionados ao desenvolvimento de DCNTs, como taxas elevadas de inatividade
física e ingesta de alimentos calóricos, fatores de risco bem descritos na população
geral. No entanto, apesar destes fatores poderem contribuir com o adoecimento dos
portadores de vírus HIV, possivelmente esse seja um grupo com maior suscetibilidade
a DCNTs em decorrência de inflamação persistente e desordens metabólicas
provocadas pelo uso de antirretrovirais. Este estudo busca realizar descrição dos
fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de alterações metabólicas em portadores de
HIV vivendo no sul do Brasil através de síntese de evidências cientificas levantadas
por meio de revisão de literatura.Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), caused by the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV), belongs to the group of sexually transmitted infections.
UNAIDS.org reports between 450 000 and 1 400 000 people living with HIV/AIDS in
Brazil, in 2020. In this same year, 13 000 people died from AIDS and there were around
48 000 new cases of HIV infection. There is still no cure for this affection, so the rapid
detection of new cases, early institution of antiretroviral treatment, and extensive
dissemination of information, are the most valuable measures to reduce HIV
transmission. Due to advanced antiretroviral therapy regimens, people living with
HIV/AIDS today have a much higher life expectancy than that observed just two
decades ago, although still lower than HIV-negative individuals. This difference is, in
part, a result of the high occurrence of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as
cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The South of Brazil, region that
bears one of the highest prevalence of HIV-infected individuals, holds environmental
factors and unhealthy habits associated with the development of NCDs, like an
elevated index of physical inactivity and high intake of caloric food, known risk factors
to the general population. Even though these elements can contribute to the illness of
people living with HIV, this group is possibly more susceptible to NCDs, as a
consequence of viral chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders caused by
antiretroviral drugs. This study aims to do a literature review of scientific evidence
available on factors associated with the development of metabolic disorders in HIVinfected patients living in Southern Brazil
Hábitos físicos e alimentares durante a fase de distanciamento físico da pandemia da COVID-19 em 2020
Full text linkDissertação (Mestrado)As mudanças repentinas no estilo de vida devido à pandemia da Corona
Virus Disease (COVID-19) provavelmente desencadearam diversas alterações
na vida dos brasileiros. Portanto por meio deste estudo procuramos conhecer
quais mudanças ocorreram nos hábitos alimentares e físicos durante a
pandemia da COVID-19, com intuito de colaborar para estratégias futuras em
saúde.
De maio a julho de 2020, período em que vigorou no Rio Grande do
Sul/Brasil as medidas de distanciamento físico para conter a disseminação da
COVID-19, aplicamos um inquérito para verificar a auto percepção relatada de
adultos que estavam morando no Extremo Sul do Brasil.
O instrumento foi criado na plataforma Google Forms, com questões
sobre a situação socioeconômica, saúde geral, alimentação e atividade física
antes e durante a pandemia.
Nossa amostra foi recrutada por meio de mídias digitais e ficou
composta por 1741 respondentes. Grande maioria (56,4%) estava dentro da
classificação de sobrepeso e obesidade e, 48,4% percebeu aumento de peso
maior que o normal neste período. Além disso, diversas modificações negativas
nas rotinas alimentares e físicas foram relatadas.
Neste estudo, fornecemos pela primeira vez dados sobre o estilo de vida
e mudanças ocasionadas no início da pandemia de COVID-19, na população
residente no Extremo Sul do Brasil.
Concluímos que, mesmo não atendendo as classes menos favorecidas,
estes dados revelam a necessidade de ofertar serviços de nutrição e educação
física, efetivos e urgentes, pois hábitos que já não eram saudáveis tiveram uma
repercussão negativa durante a pandemia e podem desencadear diversos
problemas de saúde na população.The sudden changes in lifestyle due to the Corona Virus Disease
(COVID-19) pandemic have probably triggered several changes in the lives of
Brazilians. Therefore, through this study we sought to know what changes
occurred in the eating and physical habits during the COVID-19 pandemic, in
order to collaborate for future health strategies.
From May to July 2020, the period when physical distancing measures
were in place in Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil to contain the spread of COVID-19,
we applied a survey to verify the self-reported perception of adults who were
living in the Far South of Brazil.
The instrument was created on the Google forms platform, with questions
about socioeconomic status, general health, diet, and physical activity before
and during the pandemic.
Our sample was recruited through digital media and was composed of
1741 respondents. A large majority (56.4%) were within the overweight and
obesity classification, and 48.4% perceived greater than normal weight gain in
this period. In addition, several negative changes in eating and physical routines
were reported.
In this study, we provide, for the first time, data on lifestyle and changes
caused at the beginning of the pandemic of COVID-19, in the population
residing in the extreme south of Brazil.
We conclude that, even not attending the less favored classes, these
data reveal the need to offer effective and urgent nutrition and physical
education services, because habits that were already unhealthy had a negative
repercussion during the pandemic and can trigger several health problems in
the population
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Physiological role of prolylcarboxypeptidase
Full text linkProlylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP, EC3.4.16.2) ist ein ubiquitär exprimiertes Enzym, mit höchster Expression im Maushirn. Es spaltet spezifisch die letzte carboxyterminale Aminosäure von Substraten, deren vorletzte Aminosäure ein Prolin ist. Seine bisher publizierten Substrate Angiotensin II (AngII) und alpha Melanocortin Stimulierendes Hormone (alphaMSH) legen eine Rolle von PRCP in der Entwicklung von kardiovaskulären und metabolischen Krankheiten nahe. Um die in vivo Funktion von PRCP zu studieren, wurde eine Knockout Maus generiert (PRCP-/-). Metabolischer Phänotyp: PRCP-/- Mäuse zeigten generell ein reduziertes Körpergewicht, selbst wenn sie über Monate mit einer Hochfettdiät versorgt wurden. Erhöhte Plasmaleptin Werte und Proopiomelanocortin (pomc) Expression in knockout Hypothalami wiesen auf eine wichtige Rolle von PRCP in der Regulation von Futteraufnahme und Energiehomöostase hin. Eines der Genprodukte von pomc ist alphaMSH, welches im Hypothalamus die Futteraufnahme terminiert. Die carboxyterminale Struktur dieses Neuropeptids erfüllt alle Voraussetzungen, um von PRCP gespalten zu werden. Zudem konnte prcp Promotoraktivität in den selben Hirnstrukturen gezeigt werden, in denen auch alphaMSH-Wirkung beschrieben wurde. Eine mögliche Funktion von PRCP wäre somit die Inaktivierung des Appetitzüglers alphaMSH im Hypothalamus. Kardiovasculärer Phänotyp: Zunächst erwiesen sich zirkulierende Ang-Peptide in PRCP-/- Mäusen als unverändert. Jedoch konnte ein erhöhtes Niveau des Degradationsproduktes Ang1-7 in der Niere gezeigt werden. Die Entdeckung einer erhöhten Enzymaktivität von Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in PRCP-/- Nieren, wurde als Kompensation der fehlenden PRCP Aktivität in PRCP-/- Nieren interpretiert. bot einen Erklärungsansatz für dieses Ergebnisse. Es wird davon ausgegangen, daß ACE2 die fehlende PRCP Aktivität in knockout Mäusen kompensiert. Das es sich hierbei um eine lokale begrenzte Kompensation handeln muß, zeigten der erhöhte Blutdruck und Herzrate, sowie die milde Herzhypertrophie. Da spezifische prcp Promotoraktivität in Hirnnuclei gefunden wurde, die in die Kontrolle der Herzfrequenz und des Blutdrucks involviert sind, wird eine regulatorische Funktion von Hirnstamm-PRCP auf Herzrhytmus und Blutdruck vermutet.Prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP, EC3.4.16.2) is an enzyme specifically cleaving the last carboxy-terminal amino acid from substrates containing a penultimate proline. Its known potential substrates are linked to cardiovascular and metabolic phenomenon. To analyse the in vivo function of this enzyme a PRCP knockout mouse was generated. Homozygous knockout mice are viable but show tendency of decreased life span. In mice prcp expression is present in all tissues tested with very specific localizations of prcp promotor activity to distinct brain areas within the cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and the brain stem. The metabolic phenotype of PRCP deficient mice is characterized by low body weight even when feeding the animals a high fat diet. The increased plasma leptin levels and elevated expression of proopiomelanocortin gene (pomc) found in knockout hypothalami suggests an involvement of PRCP in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. One of the gene products of pomc is alpha-melanocortin stimulating hormone (alphaMSH) that is terminating feeding when released from hypothalamic POMC neurons. Its carboxy-terminal structure is fitting the cleavage preferences of PRCP. Prcp promotor activities are localized in arcuate nucleus and paraventricular nucleus, brain areas of known alphaMSH signalling, supporting a role of PRCP in the degradation of central alphaMSH. The impact of PRCP on angiotensin II (AngII) metabolism was studied by determining the level of AngII and its degradation product Ang1-7 in blood and tissues. But instead of increased AngII levels due to the missing degradation enzyme in knockout mice, Ang1-7 levels were increased in kidney. These results were explainable by the increased activity of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) found in kidney. Probably ACE2 is compensating the lack of PRCP in the knockout mouse. Nevertheless, blood pressure and heart rate of PRCP knockout mice was increased. The mild hypertension was accompanied by mild hypertrophy of the hearts. Prcp promotor activity was found in brain stem an area important for regulation of blood pressure and heart rate suggesting that central PRCP regulates blood pressure
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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