130,407 research outputs found
The “Esprit Prophetique”: Brief Remarks on the Phenomenology of Genius in Diderot.
No full textIn this chapter, my intention is to highlight some aspects of the idea of
genius formulated in Diderot’s thought. The approach is not merely philological or
historiographical. Instead, I am interested in studying the actuality of a notion that
tantalizes us because of the multiplicity of its aspects, starting from the so-called
prophetic spirit.
According to Diderot, this form adopted by an unidentified quality of the human
soul does not coincide with imagination, judgment, wit, warmth and vivacity, and
sensibility or taste, although it shares some features with each of these faculties.
This research, carried out with reference to the main categories of the Husserlian
phenomenology, permits individuation of the core of the prophetic spirit in a special
form of intuition, the intuition of essences
Proposer and responder conceding in impunity bargaining
No full textIn impunity bargaining with concession, opportunistic proposers would not offer anything nor concede. Opportunistic responders should not accept first offers since second offers could be more generous, for example, due to random trembles. On the contrary, our experimental data, elicited via the strategy vector method, show that participants moderate initial claims and concede, albeit by small amounts. The considerable heterogeneity in behavior suggests that disagreement is unpleasant: participants avoid it by yielding (demanding firstly less than what can be shared) and conceding (lowering first demand). Overall agreement dominates interpersonally (one plays against another) and intrapersonally (as if one plays against oneself)
Antibacterial activity of essential oils against streptococci and staphylococci causing bovine mastitis
No full textBovine mastitis is a major concern for the dairy cattle community worldwide, leading to high economic
loss (Gomes et al., 2016). Mastitis, subclinical or clinical, can be caused by contagious or environmental
pathogens. Although the use of antibiotics is still the primary approach for treatment, its efficacy is limited.
Moreover, the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) leads to the need for alternatives to antibiotic
therapy (Yang et al., 2019). Due to their antibacterial effects, essential oils (EOs) have gained much attention
in this field as candidates to fight against bacterial infections and control further development of AMR
(Arbab et al., 2022).
This research aimed at testing the antibacterial activity of eleven EOs and two EO blends against Streptococcus
agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus
epidermidis, by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal
concentration (MBC), using microbroth dilution assay. The MIC values of the EOs tested ranged between
<0.001% and >3.125% v/v. The effect was higher against Streptococcus spp than Staphylococcus spp bacteria
in general. The EOs of Origanum vulgare, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Thymus vulgaris, and Blend BR were
the most effective against S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, and S. uberis showing MIC and MBC values between
<0.001% and 0.390% v/v, and <0.001% and 0.780% v/v, respectively. Against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, the
lowest MICs occurred with Cinnamomum zeylanicum: 0.098% and 0.195% v/v, respectively.
This study highlights the importance of evaluating EOs as effective antibiotic alternatives and complementary
resources for treatment of bacterial infections
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
Effetti della nifedipina nel trattamento dell'angina stabile da sforzo. Studio a doppio cieco. [Effects of nifedipine in the treatment of effort stable angina: a double blind study (author's transl)].
No full textThe effectiveness of chronic treatment with nifedipine in patients (pts) with a history of stable angina on effort has been evaluated in a double-blind study in 15 subjects of both sexes, aged 45 to 65 years. All pts underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization and selective coronary angiography, which showed stenosis of one or two main coronary vessels between 50 and 70%. The pts, after 2 weeks of observation, underwent erect bicycle exercise test with increasing workloads. After 4 weeks of treatment with nifedipine or placebo the stress test was repeated. Nifedipine treatment reduced the weekly number of anginal attacks as well as the weekly number of nitroglycerin tablets consumed by the pts, increased maximum workload tolerated and reduced the S-T segment depression for the same workload, meanwhile heart rate and blood pressure did not change significantly either at rest or during exercise. The result of this study indicate that nifedipine is useful in the treatment of pts with stable angina on effort
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