1,720,962 research outputs found
How do {LSP}s compute {MT} discounts? Presenting a company{'}s pipeline and its use
No full textIn this paper we present a pipeline developed at Acolad to test a Machine Translation (MT) engine and compute the discount to be applied when its output is used in production. Our pipeline includes three main steps where quality and productivity are measured through automatic metrics, manual evaluation, and by keeping track of editing and temporal effort during a post-editing task. Thanks to this approach, it is possible to evaluate the output quality and compute an engine-specific discount. Our test pipeline tackles the complexity of transforming productivity measurements into discounts by comparing the outcome of each of the above-mentioned steps to an estimate of the average productivity of translation from scratch. The discount is obtained by subtracting the resulting coefficient from the per-word rate. After a description of the pipeline, the paper presents its application on four engines, discussing its results and showing that our method to estimate post-editing effort through manual evaluation seems to capture the actual productivity. The pipeline relies heavily on the work of professional post-editors, with the aim of creating a mutually beneficial cooperation between users and developers
1949-2019: 70 anni di TA visti attraverso i dati utilizzati
Full text linkLa traduzione automatica (TA) ha subìto diversi mutamenti dal 1940 ad oggi.
Come in molti altri campi dell’informatica e dell’intelligenza artificiale, si è
passati da risorse sviluppate ad hoc manualmente ad approcci basati sempre di
più su dati preesistenti. Il presente contributo si propone di offrire una
panoramica delle diverse architetture di TA e dei dati da esse richiesti, partendo
dagli approcci rule-based e arrivando alle architetture statistiche, examplebased e neurali. Ognuno di questi cambiamenti ha influito sulla tipologia di dati
richiesti per la costruzione di motori di TA. Se i primi approcci non richiedevano
l’utilizzo di frasi allineate, con la TA statistica è diventato imprescindibile poter
fare affidamento su una grande quantità di dati paralleli. Oggi, grazie all’utilizzo
delle reti neurali, è possibile ottenere una traduzione di buona qualità persino
per combinazioni per cui non sono disponibili dati in entrambe le lingue
{Metodi e ambiti nella ricerca sulla traduzione, l{\textquoteright}interpretazione e l{\textquoteright}interculturalità: una panoramica interdisciplinare}
No full textThis contribution presents the volume "Research Methods and Themes in Translation, Interpreting and Intercultural Studies", and provides a brief overview of the history of translatology and the relationships it has established with related disciplines. The volume aims to provide an overview of the methods and areas of research that have occupied centre stage in in Translation, Interpreting and Intercultural Studies in recent years, and is aimed both at young researchers who are taking their first steps in the discipline, and at more experienced scholars who wish to broaden their research perspective
Metodi e ambiti nella ricerca sulla traduzione, l’interpretazione e l’interculturalità: una panoramica interdisciplinare
Full text linkThis contribution presents the volume "Research Methods and Themes in Translation, Interpreting and Intercultural Studies", and provides a brief overview of the history of translatology and the relationships it has established with related disciplines. The volume aims to provide an overview of the methods and areas of research that have occupied centre stage in in Translation, Interpreting and Intercultural Studies in recent years, and is aimed both at young researchers who are taking their first steps in the discipline, and at more experienced scholars who wish to broaden their research perspective
Enhancing Machine Translation of Academic Course Catalogues with Terminological Resources
Full text linkThis paper describes an approach to translating course unit descriptions from Italian and German into English, using a phrase-based machine translation (MT) system. The genre is very prominent
among those requiring translation by universities in European countries in which English is a non-native language. For each language combination, an in-domain bilingual corpus including course unit and degree program descriptions is used to train an MT engine, whose output is then compared to a baseline engine trained on the Europarl corpus. In a subsequent experiment, a bilingual terminology database is added to the training sets in both engines and its impact on the output quality is evaluated based on BLEU and postediting score. Results suggest that the use of domain-specific corpora boosts the engines quality for both language combinations, especially for German-English, whereas adding terminological resources does not seem to bring notable benefit
La traduzione automatica e i language service provider: il caso di CTI
No full textLa presente tesi nasce da un tirocinio avanzato svolto presso l’azienda CTI (Communication Trend Italia) di Milano. Gli obiettivi dello stage erano la verifica della possibilità di inserire gli strumenti automatici nel flusso di lavoro dell’azienda e l'individuazione delle tipologie testuali e delle combinazioni linguistiche a cui essi sono applicabili. Il presente elaborato si propone di partire da un’analisi teorica dei vari aspetti legati all’utilizzo della TA, per poi descriverne l’applicazione pratica nei procedimenti che hanno portato alla creazione dei sistemi custom.
Il capitolo 1 offre una panoramica teorica sul mondo della machine translation, che porta a delineare la modalità di utilizzo della TA ad oggi più diffusa: quella in cui la traduzione fornita dal sistema viene modificata tramite post-editing oppure il testo di partenza viene ritoccato attraverso il pre-editing per eliminare gli elementi più ostici.
Nel capitolo 2, partendo da una panoramica relativa ai principali software di traduzione automatica in uso, si arriva alla descrizione di Microsoft Translator Hub, lo strumento scelto per lo sviluppo dei sistemi custom di CTI.
Nel successivo passaggio, l’attenzione si concentra sull’ottenimento di sistemi customizzati. Un ampio approfondimento è dedicato ai metodi per reperire ed utilizzare le risorse. In seguito viene descritto il percorso che ha portato alla creazione e allo sviluppo dei due sistemi Bilanci IT_EN e Atto Costitutivo IT_EN in Microsoft Translator Hub.
Infine, nel quarto ed ultimo capitolo gli output che i due sistemi forniscono vengono rivisti per individuarne le caratteristiche e analizzati tramite alcuni tool di valutazione automatica. Grazie alle informazioni raccolte vengono poi formulate alcune previsioni sul futuro uso dei sistemi presso l’azienda CTI
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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