5 research outputs found
“Aagay Samundar Hai” in the context of Oral History, Identity Crisis and Emotions
No full textOral history of every region coincides with its culture. The pursuit of “Oral History” has a very rich tradition, so viewing, analyzing and documenting history with this facet is a new tool to explore and deciphering history. It not only discloses new facts about the past but these telling facts figure out explication about those things and ideas which are derelict, overlooked, and remained unexplored by traditional and political historians as well as connects us with popular culture and tradition. The canvas of subaltern studies could be expanded by adopting this interpreting approach to study and analyze history. While studying this we come across humongous societal crises among them identity crisis is one. This article ascertains the tradition of ‘Oral History’ in a novel, ‘Aagay Samundar Hai’, an identity crisis which has occurred right after partition. It also reconnoiters emotions which are agglutinated with oral tradition; enable us to delineate strong linkages between literature and history and, thus, narrativizes history through it.</p
“Aagay Samundar Hai” in the context of Oral History, Identity Crisis and Emotions
No full textOral history of every region coincides with its culture. The pursuit of “Oral History” has a very rich tradition, so viewing, analyzing and documenting history with this facet is a new tool to explore and deciphering history. It not only discloses new facts about the past but these telling facts figure out explication about those things and ideas which are derelict, overlooked, and remained unexplored by traditional and political historians as well as connects us with popular culture and tradition. The canvas of subaltern studies could be expanded by adopting this interpreting approach to study and analyze history. While studying this we come across humongous societal crises among them identity crisis is one. This article ascertains the tradition of ‘Oral History’ in a novel, ‘Aagay Samundar Hai’, an identity crisis which has occurred right after partition. It also reconnoiters emotions which are agglutinated with oral tradition; enable us to delineate strong linkages between literature and history and, thus, narrativizes history through it.</p
نجابت کی وار- پنجاب پر نادر شاہ کا حملہ اور مقامی مزاحمت
No full textPersian emperor Nadir Shah invaded India in the eighteenth century. His onslaught was strongly resisted by many local rulers and landholders alike. The article explains the situation from the lens of an eighteenth-century Punjabi poet Nijābat who wrote a Vār -a genre in the Punjabi poetry- to appreciate the resistance of locals against the invasions of outsiders. Nijābat not only explains the atrocities committed by the army of Nadir Shah but also eulogizes the resilience of locals who showed extra ordinary resistance. An interesting feature of this Vār is the expression of various emotions such as anger, pride and weeping
“Aagay Samundar Hai” in the context of Oral History, Identity Crisis and Emotions
No full textOral history of every region coincides with its culture. The pursuit of “Oral History” has a very rich tradition, so viewing, analyzing and documenting history with this facet is a new tool to explore and deciphering history. It not only discloses new facts about the past but these telling facts figure out explication about those things and ideas which are derelict, overlooked, and remained unexplored by traditional and political historians as well as connects us with popular culture and tradition. The canvas of subaltern studies could be expanded by adopting this interpreting approach to study and analyze history. While studying this we come across humongous societal crises among them identity crisis is one. This article ascertains the tradition of ‘Oral History’ in a novel, ‘Aagay Samundar Hai’, an identity crisis which has occurred right after partition. It also reconnoiters emotions which are agglutinated with oral tradition; enable us to delineate strong linkages between literature and history and, thus, narrativizes history through it
Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Full text linkBackground: Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes. Methods: We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18–85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)25–75 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)of 300–5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated renin–angiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders)were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for ≥30 days)or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 sustained for ≥90 days, chronic dialysis for ≥90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure)in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01858532. Findings: Between May 17, 2013, and July 13, 2017, 11 087 patients were screened; 5117 entered the enrichment period, and 4711 completed the enrichment period. Of these, 2648 patients were responders and were randomly assigned to the atrasentan group (n=1325)or placebo group (n=1323). Median follow-up was 2·2 years (IQR 1·4–2·9). 79 (6·0%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 105 (7·9%)of 1323 in the placebo group had a primary composite renal endpoint event (hazard ratio [HR]0·65 [95% CI 0·49–0·88]; p=0·0047). Fluid retention and anaemia adverse events, which have been previously attributed to endothelin receptor antagonists, were more frequent in the atrasentan group than in the placebo group. Hospital admission for heart failure occurred in 47 (3·5%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 34 (2·6%)of 1323 patients in the placebo group (HR 1·33 [95% CI 0·85–2·07]; p=0·208). 58 (4·4%)patients in the atrasentan group and 52 (3·9%)in the placebo group died (HR 1·09 [95% CI 0·75–1·59]; p=0·65). Interpretation: Atrasentan reduced the risk of renal events in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease who were selected to optimise efficacy and safety. These data support a potential role for selective endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. Funding: AbbVie
