9 research outputs found
Корекція інсуфляцією киснем, субстанцією “КД-234” та реамберином гострого респіраторного дистрес-синдрому у щурів: ефективність комбінованої дії = Correction of acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats by the insufflation of oxygen substance "KD-234" and Reamberin: efficacy of combined actions
No full textSavchuk Samwel, Oliynyk Oleksandr, Tsaryk Lubov. Корекція інсуфляцією киснем, субстанцією “КД-234” та реамберином гострого респіраторного дистрес-синдрому у щурів: ефективність комбінованої дії = Correction of acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats by the insufflation of oxygen substance "KD-234" and Reamberin: efficacy of combined actions. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):195-206. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.57323
http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3673
The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).
755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7
© The Author (s) 2016;
This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland
Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial
use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.
Received: 25.06.2016. Revised 09.07.2016. Accepted: 09.07.2016.
Корекція інсуфляцією киснем, субстанцією “КД-234” та реамберином гострого респіраторного дистрес-синдрому у щурів: ефективність комбінованої дії
Correction of acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats by the insufflation of oxygen substance "KD-234" and Reamberin: efficacy of combined actions
Самвел Савчук, Олександр Олійник, Любов Царик
Samwel Savchuk, Oleksandr Oliynyk, Lubov Tsaryk
Тернопільський державний медичний університет ІМ. І.Я. Горбачевського
Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University
Резюме. У статті наведено результати дослідження ефективності впливу інсуфляції кисню, похідного ксантину – солі 3-(8-бромо-1,3-диметил-2,6-діоксо-2,3-дигідро-1Н-пурин-7(6Н)-іл)пропаноату (субстанції «КД-234») і реамберину шляхом вивчення динаміки продуктів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів та антиоксидантного захисту в умовах експериментального гострого респіраторного дистрес-синдрому.
Встановлено істотний позитивний вплив на пероксидне окиснення ліпідів комбінації інсуфляції кисню із похідним ксантину (зменшення ТБК-АП у ССГ-тварин – на 38,8 %, у НСГ-тварин – на 60,9 % (р<0,05)) та з реамберином (зниження ТБК-АП у ССГ-тварин – на 24,4 %, у НСГ-тварин – на 54,9 % (р<0,05)) порівняно з монотерапією. При цьому найкращий антирадикальний ефект у групі тварин з ГРДС відмічено при комбінованому застосуванні інсуфляції кисню із похідним ксантину. Поєднане застосування інсуфляції киснем і субстанції «КД-234» в умовах експериментального гострого респіраторного дистрес-синдрому має схожий влив на ферментну ланку антиоксидантної системи як за умови корекції інсуфляцією киснем, проте значно підвищує антиоксидантно-прооксидантний індекс тканини печінки (р<0,05), тоді як комбінація інсуфляції кисню із реамберином не має значимого впливу як на ферментну, так і неферментну ланки системи антиоксидантного захисту.
Abstract. The article is showed the results of the effectiveness of insufflation of oxygen xanthine derivative salt (Substance "KD-234") and Reamberin according to the studies of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection products dynamics in experimental acute respiratory distress symptoms.
It was established a significant positive effect of oxygen insufflation with xanthine derivatives with Reamberin combination on lipid peroxidation (reduction of MDA (p <0.05)) compared to monotherapy. It was the gratest antiradical effect in the group of animals with ARDS during the combined use of oxygen insufflation xanthine derivative. The combined use of oxygen insufflation and substance "KD-234" in the conditions of experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome were showed similar impact on link enzymatic antioxidant system both in terms of oxygen insufflation correction. It was significantly increased the antioxidant-prooxidant index in liver (p <0.05), while the combination of oxygen insufflation with Reamberin had a significant effect on the enzyme and nonenzyme parts of antioxidant protection.
Ключові слова: респіраторний дистрес-синдром, похідні ксантину, реамберин, ефективність.
Keywords: acute respiratory distress syndrome, xanthine derivatives, Reamberin, efficiency
Persistance with non-functional problem solving in chronic pain
No full textResearch has demonstrated the relationship between persistence with problem solving focussed on pain removal and increased levels of distress in the chronic pain population. It has been suggested that one factor which motivates individuals to persist with pain removal strategies, despite repeated failed attempts, is their worries about the future. This can be conceptualised as the feared-for self. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between problem solving strategies and the feared-for self in individuals with chronic pain. An additional aim of this research was to develop a new measure of problem solving requiring respondents to generate novel solutions to problem vignettes.
58 participants with chronic pain were recruited from specialist pain clinics. Participants completed the feared-for selves interview, a questionnaire measure of problem solving (PaSol), the new problem solving measure (MEPSP) and measures of pain severity (VAS), psychological distress(HADS), pain acceptance (CPAQ) and pain-related disability (PDI).
Persistence with pain removal (assimilative problem solving) was significantly correlated with proximity to the feared-for self and enmeshment with the feared-for self. Multiple regression analyses found mixed results. Proximity to the feared-for self was a significant predictor of assimilative problem solving when the MEPSP was used as the outcome variable but this was not replicated with the PaSol data. Enmeshment with the feared-for self was a significant predictor of assimilative problem solving when the PaSol was the outcome variable but this was not replicated with the MEPSP data.
This study has provided initial support for the relationship between the feared-for self and assimilative problem solving in the chronic pain population. However, further research is necessary to verify these findings. Initial results for the MEPSP suggest that further development of this measure is worthwhile. The clinical implications of these results are discussed along with suggestions for future research
A troubled past, a challenging present, and a promising future: Tanzania's tourism development in perspective
No full textDespite the many assets the continent possesses, tourism in Africa has mostly operated below its potential, and its often poorly planned development has had irreversible negative consequences for both people and the environment. In order to develop sustainable forms of tourism, respectful of the rich natural and cultural African heritage, industry leaders and policy makers must consider the broader historical and socio-economic contexts in which tourism is implanting itself. Inspired by an anthropological perspective, this paper takes Tanzania as a case study. Tourism in this East African country, as in other African countries, is firmly embedded in encompassing – and sometimes conflicting – processes of localization, nationalization, regionalization, and globalization. Only by having a solid understanding of how these different scales are connected, disconnected, and reconnected, and by taking into account the interests of all stakeholders involved, can we begin to build an integrated African hospitality industry that is sustainable as well as economically beneficial. Archival records and recent ethnographic data are combined to show the kinds of challenges and opportunities this poses in the case of Tanzania.sponsorship: This article is based on research supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. BCS-0514129, and additional funding from the School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania (USA), the European Community (PIRG03GA-2008-230892), and the Research Foundation Flanders (Belgium). The ethnographic fieldwork in Tanzania was conducted under the auspices of the Tanzanian Commission for Science and Technology (Research Permit No. 2007-16-NA-2006-171) and kindly sponsored by the University of DaresSalaam. Thanks to Sandra Barnes, Steven Feierman, Paul Kaiser, Peter Rogers, and Monica Espinoza for their useful comments and support. The author is indebted to Rita Daneels, Vedasto Izoba, Victor Izoba, Samwel Rwahura, Francis Lyimo, Mustafa Akunaay, Asumpta Ngonyani, Frederick Helfrich, the late Chachage Seithy Chachage, Kassim Kulindwa, Samuel Wangwe, Josaphat Kweka, Cyril Chami, Joseph Semboja, and all the people of the ViaVia in Arusha. Asante sana! (National Science Foundation|BCS-0514129, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania (USA), European Community|PIRG03GA-2008-230892, Research Foundation Flanders (Belgium), Tanzanian Commission for Science and Technology|2007-16-NA-2006-171, University of DaresSalaam)status: Publishe
Reading-related skills in earlier- and later-schooled children
No full textWe investigate the effects of age-related factors and formal instruction on the development of reading-related skills in children aged four and seven years. Age effects were determined by comparing two groups of children at the onset of formal schooling; one aged seven (later-schooled) and one aged four (earlier-schooled). Schooling effects were measured by comparing the later-schooled group with earlier-schooled age-matched controls. There were significant effects of age and schooling on phonological awareness and visual-verbal learning, and an effect of age, but not schooling, on vocabulary and short-term verbal memory. We conclude that age-related factors and reading instruction contribute to the development of phoneme awareness and that vocabulary and verbal memory improve with age
Forskolin reduces fat accumulation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) through stimulating lipolysis and beta-oxidation
No full text© 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
This author accepted manuscript is made available following 12 month embargo from date of publication (December 2018) in accordance with the publisher’s archiving policyHigh fat diets are commonly used in aquaculture to reduce feed cost in Nile tilapia, but impair its lipid homeostasis. This study evaluated the role of forskolin on reducing fat accumulation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by using in vitro and in vivo experiments. The use of 50 μM forskolin in vitro increased free fatty acid and glycerol release, but decreased triglyceride in adipocytes and hepatocytes. The adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), protein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit alpha (PKAR I) and other genes related to β-oxidation (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha, PPARα and carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, CPT1) were significantly up-regulated. After feeding a high-fat diet for six weeks, O. niloticus were fed with 0 (control), 0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg forskolin for two weeks to determine whether forskolin could reduce fat accumulation in vivo. Fish fed the two levels of forskolin decreased significantly the hepatosomatic and mesenteric fat indices. The total lipid in the whole fish and liver together with the serum glycerol content were lower in fish fed on forskolin than in the control. The fish fed on forskolin diets exhibited smaller areas of lipid droplets in adipose and liver tissues. Lipolysis related genes (ATGL, hormone-sensitive lipase, HSL; monoacylglycerol lipase, MGL; and protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit, PKAC) and β-oxidation genes (PPARα; fatty acid binding protein 1, FABP1; and CPT1) in the adipose were up-regulated. Similarly, in the liver lipolysis genes such as ATGL and PKAR I and β-oxidation genes (PPARα, FABP1, CPT1 and acyl-CoA oxidase, ACO) showed an increasing trend with the increase of forskolin doses. This study indicates that forskolin can reduce fat accumulation in the adipose and liver by stimulating lipolysis and β-oxidation in O. niloticus
Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of intramuscular quinine in Tanzanian children with severe Falciparum malaria.
No full textAlthough artesunate is clearly superior, parenteral quinine is still used widely for the treatment of severe malaria. A loading-dose regimen has been recommended for 30 years but is still often not used. A population pharmacokinetic study was conducted with 75 Tanzanian children aged 4 months to 8 years with severe malaria who received quinine intramuscularly; 69 patients received a loading dose of 20 mg quinine dihydrochloride (salt)/kg of body weight. Twenty-one patients had plasma quinine concentrations detectable at baseline. A zero-order absorption model with one-compartment disposition pharmacokinetics described the data adequately. Body weight was the only significant covariate and was implemented as an allometric function on clearance and volume parameters. Population pharmacokinetic parameter estimates (and percent relative standard errors [%RSE]) of elimination clearance, central volume of distribution, and duration of zero-order absorption were 0.977 liters/h (6.50%), 16.7 liters (6.39%), and 1.42 h (21.5%), respectively, for a typical patient weighing 11 kg. Quinine exposure was reduced at lower body weights after standard weight-based dosing; there was 18% less exposure over 24 h in patients weighing 5 kg than in those weighing 25 kg. Maximum plasma concentrations after the loading dose were unaffected by body weight. There was no evidence of dose-related drug toxicity with the loading dosing regimen. Intramuscular quinine is rapidly and reliably absorbed in children with severe falciparum malaria. Based on these pharmacokinetic data, a loading dose of 20 mg salt/kg is recommended, provided that no loading dose was administered within 24 h and no routine dose was administered within 12 h of admission. (This study has been registered with Current Controlled Trials under registration number ISRCTN 50258054.)
Efficacy and safety of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine during 18 months after vaccination : a phase 3 randomized, controlled trial in children and young infants at 11 African sites
No full textA malaria vaccine could be an important addition to current control strategies. We report the safety and vaccine efficacy (VE) of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine during 18 mo following vaccination at 11 African sites with varying malaria transmission.; 6,537 infants aged 6-12 wk and 8,923 children aged 5-17 mo were randomized to receive three doses of RTS,S/AS01 or comparator vaccine. VE against clinical malaria in children during the 18 mo after vaccine dose 3 (per protocol) was 46% (95% CI 42% to 50%) (range 40% to 77%; VE, p>0.01 across all sites). VE during the 20 mo after vaccine dose 1 (intention to treat [ITT]) was 45% (95% CI 41% to 49%). VE against severe malaria, malaria hospitalization, and all-cause hospitalization was 34% (95% CI 15% to 48%), 41% (95% CI 30% to 50%), and 19% (95% CI 11% to 27%), respectively (ITT). VE against clinical malaria in infants was 27% (95% CI 20% to 32%, per protocol; 27% [95% CI 21% to 33%], ITT), with no significant protection against severe malaria, malaria hospitalization, or all-cause hospitalization. Post-vaccination anti-circumsporozoite antibody geometric mean titer varied from 348 to 787 EU/ml across sites in children and from 117 to 335 EU/ml in infants (per protocol). VE waned over time in both age categories (Schoenfeld residuals p>0.001). The number of clinical and severe malaria cases averted per 1,000 children vaccinated ranged across sites from 37 to 2,365 and from -1 to 49, respectively; corresponding ranges among infants were -10 to 1,402 and -13 to 37, respectively (ITT). Meningitis was reported as a serious adverse event in 16/5,949 and 1/2,974 children and in 9/4,358 and 3/2,179 infants in the RTS,S/AS01 and control groups, respectively.; RTS,S/AS01 prevented many cases of clinical and severe malaria over the 18 mo after vaccine dose 3, with the highest impact in areas with the greatest malaria incidence. VE was higher in children than in infants, but even at modest levels of VE, the number of malaria cases averted was substantial. RTS,S/AS01 could be an important addition to current malaria control in Africa
Evidence of artemisinin partial resistance in northwestern Tanzania: clinical and molecular markers of resistance
No full textBackground In 2021, nationwide malaria molecular surveillance revealed a high prevalence of a validated artemisinin resistance marker, the kelch13 (k13) Arg561His mutation, in the Kagera region of northwestern Tanzania. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine and to confirm the presence of artemisinin partial resistance (ART-R) in the Karagwe district of this region. Methods This single-arm, therapeutic efficacy study was carried out at the Bukangara dispensary in the Karagwe district of the Kagera region in northwestern Tanzania. Eligible participants were aged between 6 months and 120 months, had confirmed Plasmodium falciparum asexual parasitaemia, and met other inclusion criteria according to WHO's standard protocol. Participants were enrolled, treated sequentially with either artemether-lumefantrine or artesunate-amodiaquine, and assessed clinically and parasitologically for 28 days as per WHO protocol. Parasitaemia was measured every 8 h until day 3, on day 7, and then during weekly follow-up visits until day 28. Mutations in the k13 gene and extended haplotypes with the mutations were analysed, and comparisons were made with previous samples collected in the same region of Kagera and in Rwanda and southeast Asia. The primary endpoint was PCRcorrected cure rate. Findings Between April 29 and Sept 1, 2022, 343 patients were screened, of whom 176 were enrolled: 88 in each treatment group. The PCR-corrected cure rate was 98% (95% CI 91-100) in the artemether-lumefantrine group and 100% (96-100) in the artesunate-amodiaquine group. Persistent parasitaemia on day 3 occurred in 11 (13%) of 88 patients in the artemether-lumefantrine group and 17 (19%) of 88 patients in the artesunate-amodiaquine group. Arg561His mutations on day 0 and parasitaemia on day 3 were reported in eight (9%) of 87 patients in the artemether- lumefantrine group and ten (12%) of 86 patients in the artesunate-amodiaquine group. The median parasite clearance half-life in patients harbouring parasites with Arg561His mutation was 61 h in the artemether-lumefantrine group and 60 h in the artesunate-amodiaquine group. Parasites with the Arg561His mutation were not similar to those from southeast Asia and Rwanda but had similar haplotypes to parasites reported in the same Tanzanian region of Kagera in 2021. Interpretation This study confirms the presence of ART-R in Tanzania, although artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine showed high efficacy. A context-specific response strategy and vigilance to detect the reduced efficacy of current antimalarial treatments and ART-R in other parts of the country are urgently needed. Funding The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the US National Institutes of Health. Copyright (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
The Effects of a Shared Reading Intervention on the English Reading Skills of Year One Students in a Level Two Māori-medium Educational Context
No full textOne of the biggest challenges confronting literacy education in Aotearoa New Zealand is accommodating the differences in English reading-related variables at school entry to produce equitable outcomes in later reading achievement (Wilkinson, Freebody, & Elkins, 2000). English-medium schools in Aotearoa struggle to negotiate effective literacy practices that validate and cater for the cognitive, cultural, and linguistic differences children bring to the process of learning to read in English. Whereas, the role of English reading instruction in Māori-medium schools has been an under-researched and controversial issue. How to accommodate for these differences to achieve equitable English reading outcomes in a year 1 level 2 Māori-medium context is the theme that this research seeks to explore.
This Masters thesis reports on a shared reading intervention that explicitly teaches phonological awareness and alphabet knowledge to examine its effects on the English reading skills of year 1 students in a level 2 Māori-medium setting. The research implemented a Kaupapa Māori framework and used interviews, surveys, reliable literacy measures, and research-based literacy instruction to explore reading acquisition for this particular cohort. Thus, the purposes of the study were (a) to glean an in-depth understanding of the literacy and language practices that potentially shaped the participants English reading–related variables, (b) to examine the range of English reading-related skills for this cohort, and (c) to determine the effects of the intervention on their English reading skills.
Eight students were divided and matched with a pair according to their reported pre-test phonemic awareness and alphabet knowledge scores, and then randomly assigned to either an intervention (n = 4) or treatment control (n = 4) group. The intervention programme was carried out over a six week period and comprised 12, 30 minute lessons that integrated phonological and alphabetic based decoding skills within the shared reading approach. The duration of the treatment control programme was also carried out over a six week period and comprised 12, 30 minutes lessons that integrated semantic, syntactic, and visual graphophonic sources of information to recognise words. The results indicated the breadth and depth of English reading skills in year 1 level 2 Māori-medium contexts are diverse and the children had a positive attitude and sense of efficacy towards reading. A comparison of the test results between the intervention and treatment control group demonstrated that a shared reading intervention that focused explicitly on phonological awareness and alphabet knowledge is effective in raising letter-naming knowledge, pseudoword decoding, phonemic awareness, and invented spelling. The results are discussed in light of theoretical assumptions about reading acquisition that underlie word-base and text-base approaches to word recognition.
Overall, this study supports the development and reform of training and professional development opportunities in phonological awareness and alphabet knowledge to better support, inform, and educate Aotearoa reading teachers. This study contributes to the knowledge of English reading acquisition that validate the depth and breadth of early cognitive and linguistic differences to increase equitable English reading outcomes in level 2 Māori-medium contexts
