694 research outputs found
A semiotic analysis of the short stories of Leonid Andreyev, 1900-1909
No full textThis thesis applies the techniques of semiotic analysis to a selection of short stories by Leonid Andreyev in an attempt to offer one answer to the problems of categorising Andreyev's unique art and placing it within a literary-evolutionary perspective. The semiotic method was chosen because of its ability both to assimilate literary texts to the supra-individual processes with which it works, and at the same time to delineate an author's particular contribution to these processes. Drawing on a range of literary theory from early Russian Formalism onwards, the study proceeds from one level to another according to a principle of "degree of abstraction", so that each level constitutes firstly an independent account of Andreyev's texts in itself, and secondly one stage in an overall analysis. The analysis at each level pinpoints, in its own terms, a series of semiotic tensions or clashes as being at the heart of Andreyev's literary system. Conflict within his stories between the principles of poetry and prose, metaphor and metonymy, 'discourse' and 'story' and between codes of allegory and codes of reference are among the major tensions highlighted. These tensions are in turn used to account for the fantastic element in Andreyev's stories (tension and ambiguity being the key features of Fantastic literature as defined by many literary theoreticians).The unique, Andreyevan version of the Fantastic is viewed as an index of Andreyev's position in literary evolution at a point of transition between an older, authoritative, transitive mode of narration and a more recent, non-authoritative mode which has come to dominate much twentieth-century literature. The final reference-point for all these tensions is demonstrated to be a shift in modern culture as a whole towards a more impersonal. Mythic thought-system, a shift at the centre of which the art of Leonid Andreyev can be convincingly placed. The material drawn upon includes, in addition to the corpus of Andreyev stories specified, a wide range of works by Andreyev's contemporaries and also the hitherto unexploited draft-manuscripts to a number of Andreyev stories held in the Hoover Institution, U.S.A.A Glossary of the most commonly used theoretical terms is provided at the end of the study
Structure, mechanical and tribological properties of Mo-S-N solid lubricant coatings
No full text Solid lubricant coatings deposited by plasma-assisted deposition techniques represent modern way to reduce the coefficient of friction in lubricant-free sliding contacts. Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2 ) is perhaps the most known and applied solid lubricant coating; however, its use is strictly limited by low hardness and environmental sensitivity. To improve mechanical and tribological properties, we doped MoS2 coating with nitrogen. Mo-S-N self-lubricant films were deposited by pulsed d. c. High Target Utilisation Sputtering (HiTUS) in reactive atmosphere. The effect of deposition conditions on chemical composition, structure and mechanical properties of MoSx and Mo-S-N coatings was studied; films with the most promising properties have been selected for tribological testing. MoSx film with the elemental composition sulphur to molybdenum (S/Mo ratio) 1.6 exhibited the coefficients of friction (COFs) in humid air 0.17 and 0.07 for loads 2 and 15 N, respectively. Mo-S-N films were prepared with nitrogen content in a range of 11 to 50 at., whereas S/Mo ratio varied from 1.35 to 0.4. Mo-S-N films were amorphous or nanostructured with nanograins of molybdenum disulphide. Hardness increased with N content up to 14 GPa for film with the highest content of nitrogen. Friction behaviour in humid air was evaluated using a ball-on-disk tribometer. Globally, the doping with N resulted in hardness in Mo–S–N films one order of magnitude higher and wear rate two orders of magnitude lower than in an undoped one, keeping the friction coefficient at the same level or even lower. These coatings showed remarkable friction coefficients in humid air from 0.28 to 0.05 with loads from 2 to 15 N, respectively. The excellent friction properties were attributed to the formation of a thin molybdenum disulphide tribofilm at the sliding interface. HiTUS represents a very promising way of producing thin films on the thermally sensitive substrates (e.g. bearing steel) with desired properties. </p
Structure, mechanical and tribological properties of MoSe2 and Mo-Se-N solid lubricant coatings
No full textMo-Se-N films were prepared by pulsed direct current (DC) High Target Utilisation Sputtering (HiTUS) in reactive Ar + N2 atmosphere. Here, the effect of nitrogen doping was studied. MoSex film with Se/Mo atomic ratio ~ 2 exhibited polycrystalline structure and the lowest coefficients of friction (COFs) in humid air from 0.025 to 0.1 for loads in the range 2–45 N. Mo-Se-N coatings were deposited with N concentrations ranging from 1 to 40 at.%, whereas Se/Mo ratio varied from 0.6 to 2. Mo-Se-N coatings formed amorphous structures for the N contents above 7 at.% and increased hardness proportional with the N content up to 9 GPa. The addition of nitrogen also resulted in a general decrease in wear rate of two orders of magnitude when compared to pristine films while retaining a reasonably low coefficient of friction. Mo-Se-N films showed notable COF values in humid environment ranging from 0.22 to 0.015 when tested using loads from 2 to 45 N. The excellent friction properties of Mo-Se-N films were associated to the crystallisation of a MoSe2 tribofilm in the wear scar. Moreover, we showed that modern pulsed DC HiTUS technology represents a suitable way of producing thin films with a variety of elemental compositions and desired mechanical and tribological properties, even from sensitive, semi-conducting and extremely low thermally conductive MoSe2 targets.</p
Titanium doped MoSe<sub>2</sub> coatings – Synthesis, structure, mechanical and tribological properties investigation
No full textIn this work, we doped sputtered MoSe2 coatings with Ti to improve their mechanical and tribological properties. Mo-Se-Ti coatings were prepared onto steel discs by High Target Utilisation Sputtering (HiTUS). The Ti was in the range 7–31 at.%, which led to Se/Mo ratios of 1.7–2.7. The Mo-Se-Ti coatings possessed a polycrystalline structure for the lower Ti contents and became amorphous when Ti content was above approx. 18 at.%. The hardness of the initially soft (0.3 GPa) pure MoSe2 coatings was dramatically improved with Ti additions (up to 7.5 GPa). Sliding experiments confirmed excellent tribological properties: coefficient of friction values from 0.02 to 0.08 and very low wear rates (8×10-8mm3N-1m−1) of the Ti-containing coatings tested in the humid air at the loads in the range of 2–45 N. The outstanding self-lubricant properties of Mo-Se-Ti coatings were attributed to the transformation of the topmost amorphous part of the coating into crystalline MoSe2 tribofilm while preserving inner parts of the coating in as-deposited state ensuring good load-bearing capacity. There is strong experimental evidence that Ti has a gettering effect in the tribological contact, which protects MoSe2 tribofilm against oxidation.</p
LEONID ANDREYEV’S OEUVRE THROUGH BRUSOVIAN LENS
No full textThe paper deals with V. Brusov’s reviews of the works by Leonid Andreyev in the magazine «Vesy» (The Balance). The author mentions some peculiarities of L. Andreev’s stories positively reviewed by V. Brusov, as well as his remarks concerning the writer’s experiences in drama
Reflecting on Fiction: Leonid Leonov
No full textAbstract
This chapter examines the metafictional works of Soviet author Leonid Leonov. The River Sot, Leonov's third novel, was one of the earliest Soviet works in the theme of industrialization and it was based on the author's first-hand experience of Soviet construction projects. This novel, together with Leonov's other work The Thief, provided the direction that Soviet literature should take. These novels were both influenced by the October Revolution.</jats:p
The Content and Implementation of Electronic Assist Device of Locomotive Drivers
No full textPaberivaba tehnoloogia peab saabuma iga ettevõttesse ja iga ettevõtlus valib ise kui suures mahus seda kasutada. Samas on fakt, et arvuti oskab arvutada ja arvestada kiiremini kui inimene ning arvuti põhine infosüsteem on kasulik arendus. Pabervaba arendusega ettevõtte on keskkonnasõbralik. Tahvelarvuti kasutamisel vedurijuhi käsiraamatuna ja dokumentide edastamise seadmena: likvideerime suure koguse dokumentatsiooni ja juhendeid paberkandjal ning paigutame neid ühte väiksesse tahvelarvutisse; dokumendid ja juhendid on parem leitavad arvutipõhisel süsteemis kui paberikandjal; juhendid ja korrad on vahetatavad ühe liigutusega arvuti ekraanil; kogu dokumentide ja juhendite olemasolu vedurijuhi käsiraamatus ja nende kehtivust saab jälgida vaid üks töötaja. vedurimeeskonna töö optimeerimine dokumentatsiooni täitmisel ja nendele dokumentatsiooni edastamisel; informatsiooni liikumine muutub operatiivsemaks; digitaalse dokumentatsiooni üle on parem ülevaade ja kontroll. Paigutades infosüsteemi kõik juhendid, saame paberikulu ja printerite kasutamist vähendada. Arvestades juhendite, dokumentide ja käskkirjade mahuga, paberi ja printeri tööga seotud kulud vähenevad kordades. Tahvelarvuti kasutamisel elektroonilise liinilehena saame: vedurimeeskonna töö lihtsustamine liinilehe täitmisel; inimressurssi optimeerimine; veduri liikumise ja vedurimeeskonna tööaja informatsioon muutub operatiivsemaks. Liinilehe täitmise ja peale seda üleandmist infosüsteemi sisestamise vajadus praktiliselt kaob. Peale liinilehe loomise infosüsteemi poolt peab töötaja seda kontrollima ja kinnitama selle õigsust. Töö kirjutamis hetkel liinilehe andmist näevad infosüsteemi kasutajad alles peale selle sisestamist, kuid elektrooniliseks muutmiseks saab seda näha kohe täitumisel. Tahvelarvuti kasutamisel vedurijuhtimise abistavana infosüsteemina: veduri juhtimine muutub lihtsamaks; veduri juhtimine muutub kontrollitavaks; noorte vedurijuhtide hea koolitus; kütuse kulu optimeerimine. Vedurijuhile rongi käitamiseks annab nõu arvuti eelnevalt parimate tulemuste põhjal loodud maketi alusel. Vedurijuht, täites neid juhiseid, saab jälgida nende efektiivsust ja õigsust. Vedurijuhi poolseid soovitusi täitmise kohta saab hoida kontrolli all. Veduri juhtimise soovitustega infosüsteem on hea noorte vedurijuhtide koolitaja. Tavaliselt iga uue süsteemi elluviimine ja iga uuenduse töösse juurutamisel toob kaasa kulu, kuid antud töö tulemusena saab juurutada infosüsteeme lõpptulemusena saades sellest tulu. Töö optimeerimine ja lihtsustamine toob kaasa töötajate suurema tähelepanu teistesse tööülesannetesse. Selle juures riskid ei ole suured ja osaliselt saab neid maandada miinimumini.The author of this thesis presents the research probleem from a large amount of instructions, which are given to the locomotive driver for inspection and also from documentation which the locomotive driver needs to fill out during his work shift. At the moment of writing this thesis, all of the documentation is made by hand or printed on paper. In order to achieve a more environmentally friendly work technology aiming to become paperless, the author develops electronic mock-ups for the operation of tablets and IT-systems. In addition, the author describes the method of transmitting the documentation to locomotive driver without delays and getting prompt feedback. At the same time, with the help of an IT-system, the author develops a possibility to create an application which assists the locomotive driver at his duties. The development includes the integration of existing resources and existing Technologies. As a result of this thesis, a tablet will be installed on a locomotive to which will be gathered different information systems: documentation for the locomotive driver – the driver has access to all necessary documents while working on the locomotive; documentation to be processed by the locomotive driver – an information exchange system created with a server and personal e-mail account to fill necessary documents and/or to receive documents and verify confirmations about receiving them. For formation of electronical work sheet – for making more interactive and operational the existing GPS and information system about train and locomotive data To assist train driving – an information system based on previous train service results to reduce fuel consuption and to control locomotive operations. The thesis examines the potential risks in operating the information system and the healing of these risks. Risks can occur in two varieties, one of which is a technical failure and, secondly, a human factor. Technical failures can be prevented by additional recording method, which can later be found and supplemented in the system. The risk from the human factor is language skills and attention. These risks can be prevented by the translation and verification method
Kondratieff Waves, Technological Modes, and the Theory of Production Revolutions
No full textIn the present article Kondratieff waves theory is considered in comparison with the theory of production revolutions which analyzes the regularities of the major technological breakthroughs in history. Both theories analyze the processes of cyclic nature related to the innovative technological development of the World-System. The mutual comparison of both theories allows the author to make important clarifications in understanding of the long-wave dynamics as a whole, as well as to give relevant explanations of the peculiarities of the unfolding of each of the five waves and their phases, to make forecasts about the sixth wave and the development of technologies of the sixth technological mode. The special attention is paid to the analysis of aspects and limitations of the theory of technological modes, as it is used by many researchers to explain the causes of the long-wave dynamics
„Thought” by Leonid Andreyev thought in the context of Blaise Pascal's „Pensées”
No full textThe article describes Thought by Leonid Andreyev as a kind of contemporary artistic reflection of paradoxes descended from Thoughts by Blaise Pascal. The short story Thought by Leonid Andreyev is examined as a creative orientation of its author to Thoughts by Blaise Pascal. A comparative analysis of both works proves that, beside the antynomic vision of man and the world, Andreyev shares with Pascal a similar usage of notions such as thought, imagination, and abyss. The former, however, simplifies the ideas and views of the prominent philosopher in order to better reach the consciousness of the modern reader
Les tendances politiques des littératures postsoviétiques de l’imaginaire
No full textPolitical trends in post-Soviet science fiction.
The article surveys the main trends in post-soviet science fiction. The author identifies two significant theses binding politicised Russian science fiction within the broader social and ideological context of post-Soviet Russia. these are revisionism and revanchism and the article traces their transformation into populist imperial fiction. The author focuses on the problem of large-scale disappointment in postsoviet society and the representation of this in dystopian writing and “ popadancheskaya” fiction.Fišman Leonid. Les tendances politiques des littératures postsoviétiques de l’imaginaire. In: Revue Russe n°43, 2014. Littérature postsoviétiques de l'imaginaire. pp. 13-29
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