1,720,955 research outputs found
The Legality of Unilateral Declaration of Independence for New States Creation under the principle of international law
Get PDFState is the most important legal personality in public international law. The statehood concept under the principle of international law has broadly defined as indicated by the Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States 1933. These criteria are: 1) a defined territory; 2) a permanent population; 3) a government; 4) a capacity to enter into relations with other states. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, in the post- 1990 era, the former has been transformed by peaceful means with the consent of parent states. By contrast, the latter has dissolved from the violence fragmented into many independent states without the consent of parent states. During this period, the European Union has put many attempts with regard to the new approach in recognizing new states. The connection between democratic government and the human rights protection has been created to new states recognition. The unilateral declaration of independence is the phenomenon of new states creation in international society. This article focuses on the legal consequence of unilateral declaration of independence particularly Kosovo on February 2008. This unilateral action has been approved by the advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). It reflects many legal consequences both in theoretical and practical approaches because international law neither endorses nor prohibits unilateral declarations of independence. As a consequence, the unilateral declaration of independence intends to change the legal status of the territory whose independence they are declaring
The role of referendum and non-referendum mechanisms for state-framing processes
Get PDFThis thesis presents how the ‘will of the people’ is legitimized in the practical application of external self-determination. Since international law recognizes people as political communities, if they are sufficiently knowledgeable and aware of their rights, their involvement can legitimize the actions of their governmental authority. In order for the people’s deliberations- or self-governance- to be considered legitimate, the expression of their will in territorial alteration decision-making processes must be continuous. Moreover it is necessary to have responsible institutional and legal frameworks to guarantee that the people’s will is both considered and put into action. Using republican liberal theory, this study will explore the importance of ordinary citizens in determining their territorial status. The theory foregrounds the right to participate in determining their own destiny, and suggests a number of practical ways in which democratic legitimacy can be achieved. In order that the people’s will be considered legitimate, republican liberalism promotes ongoing interactions between ordinary citizens, democratic mechanisms, institutions and legal instruments. In order to ensure that any self-determination process conforms to republican liberal theory’s requirements for legitimacy, the process must empower people both individually and collectively to participate. It must also ensure that all citizens are considered equal and have political equality, regardless of their ethnic, racial, religious or linguistic backgrounds. In addition, republican liberal theory stresses the power of the people to check and scrutinize governmental authorities, and addresses the importance of law (constitution or statutes) in guaranteeing that the will of the people is central to any political decision regarding their future status
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Mutual Benefit Principle As Bilateral Basis of Indonesia With Thailand And Taiwan
Get PDFMutual Benefit Principle in relations between countries requires that the subjects of international law (especially the state) in carrying out international relations be based on good faith so as to benefit all parties. Mutual benefit principle requires equal rights, namely that all parties strive to be mutually beneficial to each other, initially this principle is used to accommodate the nature and purpose of the business. But along with the times and to meet needs that are already cross-country, then this principle can be used as a reference in international relations, especially bilateral relations between the two countries, although this principle is also in accordance with the context of multilateral relations between many countries. This principle is used by Indonesia and Thailand in the cooperation of two countries that have been officially carried out since 1947, as well as Indonesia and Taiwan since 1971, on the basis of this principle, so far, the relationship between Indonesia and Thailand and Taiwan is still well maintained and running, and benefit each country
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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