1,720,958 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Evaluation of the prenatal toxicology of the terphenil tin hidroxides (TPTH) in mice
No full textO grupo de compostos organoestanhosos inclui uma variedade de qu??micos amplamente empregados na agricultura e na ind??stria em geral. Os triorganoestanhosos s??o biologicamente mais ativos e s??o largamente usados como biocidas. Compostos trifenil de estanho em adi????o com compostos tributil de estnho s??o usados como algicidas, moluscicidas e como preservativo da madeira. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial embriofeto-t??xico do trifenil hidr??xido de estanho (TPTH) em camundongos. Camundongos Swiss Webster (FIOCRUZ) foram acasalados, sendo considerado dia ??0` de gravidez as 24 horas que se seguiram ?? confirma????o do cruzamento pela presen??a do plug vaginal. As f??meas gr??vidas foram tratadas com doses de 0; 3,75; 7,5; 15 e 30 mg TPTH/kg de peso corp??reo/dia por entuba????o g??strica nos dias 6-17 de gravidez. O grupo controle recebeu apenas o ve??culo (??leo de milho). No dia 18, as f??meas foram submetidas ?? cesariana sendo registrado o n??mero de fetos vivos, mortos e reabsor????es. Os fetos foram pesados, sendo ?? de cada ninhada fixada em Bouin para an??lise de v??sceras e a ?? restante diafanizada e corada (alizarina red S) para avalia????o de esqueleto. Morreram 01 m??e tratada com 3,75 mg/kg, 01 com 15mg/kg e 02 com 30mg/kg. Dr??stica redu????o de peso materno foi notada a partir de 15mg/kg, mas a an??lise do ganho de peso durante todo o per??odo de gravidez (dia 0-18), descontado o peso do ??tero, indicou que o TPTH causou consistentemente toxicidade materna a partir de 7,5mg/kg. Um aumento de reabsor????es foi notado nas doses de 15 e 30mg TPTH/kg. N??o houve altera????o do n??mero de s??tios de implanta????o. A partir de 15mg/kg, o TPTH causou evidente redu????o do peso corp??reo fetal. Sinais de malforma????es viscerais, tais como altera????es de timo, test??culos e ??tero, foram evidentes a partir de 7,5mg/kg. Sinais de retardo de ossifica????o (pobremente calcificado, osso n??o calcificado e esponjoso) e uma alta incid??ncia de malforma????es de esqueleto foram observadas a partir da dose de 3,75 mg TPTH/kg. Estes achados indicam que o TPTH foi t??xico para a m??e a partir da dose de 7,5mg/kg e embriofeto-t??xico a partir da dose 3,75 mg TPTH/kg; apontando para uma certa seletividade dos efeitos adversos sobre o desenvolvimento embriofetal
Evaluation of the prenatal toxicology of the terphenil tin hidroxides (TPTH) in mice
No full textO grupo de compostos organoestanhosos inclui uma variedade de químicos amplamente empregados na agricultura e na indústria em geral. Os triorganoestanhosos são biologicamente mais ativos e são largamente usados como biocidas. Compostos trifenil de estanho em adição com compostos tributil de estnho são usados como algicidas, moluscicidas e como preservativo da madeira. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial embriofeto-tóxico do trifenil hidróxido de estanho (TPTH) em camundongos. Camundongos Swiss Webster (FIOCRUZ) foram acasalados, sendo considerado dia ´0` de gravidez as 24 horas que se seguiram à confirmação do cruzamento pela presença do plug vaginal. As fêmeas grávidas foram tratadas com doses de 0; 3,75; 7,5; 15 e 30 mg TPTH/kg de peso corpóreo/dia por entubação gástrica nos dias 6-17 de gravidez. O grupo controle recebeu apenas o veículo (óleo de milho). No dia 18, as fêmeas foram submetidas à cesariana sendo registrado o número de fetos vivos, mortos e reabsorções. Os fetos foram pesados, sendo ½ de cada ninhada fixada em Bouin para análise de vísceras e a ½ restante diafanizada e corada (alizarina red S) para avaliação de esqueleto. Morreram 01 mãe tratada com 3,75 mg/kg, 01 com 15mg/kg e 02 com 30mg/kg. Drástica redução de peso materno foi notada a partir de 15mg/kg, mas a análise do ganho de peso durante todo o período de gravidez (dia 0-18), descontado o peso do útero, indicou que o TPTH causou consistentemente toxicidade materna a partir de 7,5mg/kg. Um aumento de reabsorções foi notado nas doses de 15 e 30mg TPTH/kg. Não houve alteração do número de sítios de implantação. A partir de 15mg/kg, o TPTH causou evidente redução do peso corpóreo fetal. Sinais de malformações viscerais, tais como alterações de timo, testículos e útero, foram evidentes a partir de 7,5mg/kg. Sinais de retardo de ossificação (pobremente calcificado, osso não calcificado e esponjoso) e uma alta incidência de malformações de esqueleto foram observadas a partir da dose de 3,75 mg TPTH/kg. Estes achados indicam que o TPTH foi tóxico para a mãe a partir da dose de 7,5mg/kg e embriofeto-tóxico a partir da dose 3,75 mg TPTH/kg; apontando para uma certa seletividade dos efeitos adversos sobre o desenvolvimento embriofetal.Organotin compounds are a broad-group of chemicals widely used in agriculture
and industry. Trisubstituted organotin compounds are biologically very active, and are
widely used as biocides. TPTs in addition to TBTs have been used extensively in
antifouling products as algaecides, molluscicides and for wood preservation.
This study was undertaken to provide data on the embryo-foetotoxic potencial of
TPTH. Swiss Webster mice were mated and the day on which copulation was confirmed
by the presence of a vaginal plug was designated as day ´0` of pregnancy. Pregnant
mice were treated by gavage with 0; 3.75; 7.5; 15 e 30 mg TPTH/kg body wt /day on
days 6-17 of gestation. The vehicle-control group received corn oil only. Caesarean
sections were performed on pregnancy day 18, and the number of resorptions,
implantation sites and live and dead fetuses was recorded. Fetuses were weighed,
examined for external malformations, and either fixed for visceral examination, or
cleared and stained with Alizarin Red S for skeleton evaluation.
Maternal deaths were observed in animals treated with 3.75, 15 and
30mgTPTH/kg. Doses equal to or higher than 15mg/kg drastically reduced pregnancy
weight gain. Reductions of pregnancy wt gain minus gravid uterus wt indicated that
doses equal to or higher than 7.5 mg TPTH/ kg b.wt/day were maternally toxic. An
increased number of resorptions was observed at 15 and 30mg TPTH/kg. The number of
implantations per litter was not altered. Reductions of foetal body wt were noted in
groups treated with 15 and 30mg TPTH /kg body wt. Soft tissue (visceral)
abnormalities, such as misshapened thymus, and malpositioned testes and uterus were
also observed at doses equal to or higher than 7.5mg/kg. Signs of delayed ossification
(poorly ossified and not ossified bones as well as irregular spongy bones) and higher
incidence of skeletal malformations were observed at doses of 3.75mgTPTH/kg body
weight or more.
Results indicated that TPTH was maternally toxic at doses equal to or higher
than 7.5mg/kg and embryofetotoxic at doses equal to or higher than 3.75mgTPTH/kg,
pointing to an especific embryofetotoxic effect
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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