1,720,955 research outputs found
From Waste to Resource: Optimizing Biochar with Eggshell for Effective Phosphate Adsorption and Sustainable Fertilization
Get PDFPhosphorus is an important element for the plant growth, and it is used as a fertilizer. It is a limited and non-renewable resources in the earth. But when the excessive amount of phosphorus goes into waterbody, it works as a nutrient for aquatic plants and algae and causes eutrophication. So, the recovery of the phosphate from water is very important to avoid eutrophication and recover phosphate to use as fertilizer. Phosphate recovery using adsorption is a very attractive and effective method. Nowadays different types of natural bio waste material are used for phosphate recovery. Using biochar only is not suitable for phosphate adsorption because of the negative surface charge of the biochar. But metal modified biochar has good phosphate adsorption capacity. Sometime the adsorbed material could not be used as fertilizer because of presence of heavy metal in modified adsorbent.
Eggshell decorated biochar exhibits excellent phosphate adsorption capacity than only biochar. Moreover, calcium is not toxic. That’s why current study was intended to recover the phosphate from wastewater using a most convenient procedure and available materials. Bamboo and eggshell were used as an available natural ingredient which was not used for phosphate recovery before. Since bamboo char is the source of carbon and eggshell as the resource for CaCO₃, would be used as a metal cation which has great affinity for phosphate. So, the combination of pure biochar with calcite could be a good adsorbent material to recover phosphate from wastewater. Another objective of this study was to examine the phosphate desorption using DI water at different temperature and the effectiveness of the phosphate loaded materials as P fertilizer on Japanese mustard spinach cultivation for the sustainable management of the P adsorbed material. Bamboo and eggshell adsorbent were prepared for different mixing ratio and temperature (600, 700, and 800℃) to find out effective ratio and calcination temperature. To investigate the feasibility of calcined bamboo and eggshell for phosphate removal, different calcination temperature, initial concentration, temperature, time, dose rate, pH, and presence of different ions was examined. Adsorption mechanism was understood by adsorption isotherm, thermodynamics study, and adsorption kinetics. Morphological changes and characterization of the adsorbent after calcination and adsorption were identified by the SEM image, EDX spectra and FTIR analysis. The maximum P adsorption capacity of the BE 1:1 and BE 2:1 was found 95.14mg/g and 98.40mg/g respectively. For CE, BE 1:1 and BE 2:1 adsorbent, the data were well fitted by Langmuir model, and it indicates the monolayer adsorption on the homogenous surface of the adsorbent. Thermodynamics results revealed that the Gibbs free energy ΔG of the BE 1:1 and BE 2:1 at 298 K, ΔG was positive indicates the process was not spontaneous. But after increasing temperature the reaction was spontaneous. Langmuir separation factor (RL) value indicates the favorable adsorption conditions for phosphate. Characterization of adsorbent was identified by FTIR, and SEM image. From FTIR analysis the formation of the band at 1021 cm⁻¹ was observed, which clearly indicated the presence of phosphate after adsorption on BE 1:1. From kinetic study it has been found that the experiment data were better fitted the pseudo second order model which explain that adsorption procedure was chemisorption process. Presence of different ions (anions and organic acids) and pH of the solution also influence the phosphate adsorption mechanism. But calcined BE 1:1 is not effective for the organo-phosphorus herbicide glyphosate removal which is beneficiary for this research because it will not compete with phosphate for active sides and don’t make contamination in application of phosphate adsorbed material as fertilizer. In this study phosphate desorption in Milli-Q water and NAC extraction method was examined. Then phosphate dropped biochar was applied on pot experiment for Japanese mustard spinach cultivation. From the experiment it was found that phosphate desorption in Milli-Q water was very low. Because the bonding between calcium and phosphate is very strong. So, the reuse of the adsorbent is not a good option. But the phosphate loaded eggshell modified bamboo char was effective as slow-release fertilizer for the Japanese mustard spinach cultivation. So, the phosphate loaded eggshell modified bamboo char has potentiality to use in plant cultivation as a phosphorus fertilizer.環課第70
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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