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الصلاة في الديانة النصرانية الأرثودكسية السورية والإسلام
No full textABSTRAK
Shalat Dalam Pandangan Agama Kristen Orthodoks Suriah Dan Islam
Sariyah
Shalat salah satu bentuk ibadah mu'amalah manusia dangan Tuhannya.Dan
shalat adalah yang pertama di perintahkan dalam agama Samawi. Salah satunya agama
Kristen Orthodoks Suriah, di dalam agama tersebut diajarkan shalat, agama tersebut
bersandar pada upacara kereja masa purba. Dan di dalam shalatnya menggunakan bahasa
arami, shalat mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam membangun mu'amalah
manusia dengan yang lainnya. Shalat mempunyai arti, tata cara shalat, jumlah dan
waktunya, Shalat dalam agama KOS terbatas dengan waktu, mereka shalat sebanyak
tujuh kali dalam sehari setiap dua jam sekali, Shalat dalam Islam lima waktu dalam
sehari. Peneliti memilih permasalahan ini, karena peneliti mengetahui bahwasanya agama
ini menjaga ajaran ibadah pada jaman dahulu, namun perintah shalat adalah untuk
menyembah Allah, sedangkan shalat yang dilakukan oleh KOS adalah menyembah tiga
tuhan. Banyak persamaan antara kedua agama tersebut dalam shalat, dan peneliti akan
membandingkan tentang shalat dari keduanya sampai jelas.
Tujuan membahas judul ini untuk mengetahui pemahaman shalat menurut
mereka dan mengungkap persamaan dan perbedaan dari kedua agam tersebut.
Dalam pembahasan ini peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif, metode analisis
dan metode comparative, untuk membahas shalat dalam agama kristen orthodoks suriah
dan islam, dan pembahas membandingkan shalat dari kedua agama tersebut. Baru setelah
itu mengambil kesimpulan.
Dengan metode yang digunakan tersebut, penulis dapat memberikan kesimpulan
bahwa sholat dalam agama Kristen Orthodoks Suriah adalah sholat di ajarkan langsung
oleh tuhan mereka yaitu yesus yang dianggap sebagai tuhan mereka, dan pelaksanaannya
didalam gereja yang jumlah sholatnya dalam sehari tujuh waktu atau disebut "kitabus
sabu'us shalawat"dan pelaksanaannya dalam sehari di lakukan setiap dua jam sekali,
disetiap gerakannya didahului oleh gerakan salib dan dipimpin oleh imam yang berjubah
hitam atau putih, namun dalam Islam Sholat adalah mempunyai arti yang sangat luas,
sholat adalah perintah yang pertama yang diperintahkan oleh Allah. Sholat dalam islam
memilki dasar yang kuat di dalam al-qur'an, shalat hanya untuk Allah seorang tidak
untuk yang lainnya. Sholat mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat besar dalam pribadi
seseorang, jika sholatnya baik maka baiklah seluruh amalannya, jika sholatnya rusak
maka seluruh amalannya juga rusak. Dan sholat mencegah diri kita dari perbuatan yang
keji dan mengerjakan perbuatan yang baik. Dan beribadah hanya mengharap ridhoNya
semata.
Pembahasan ini masih jauh dari sempurna dan masih banyak kesalahan, oleh
karena itu penulis mengharapkan kepada peneliti selanjutnya untuk melengkapi
kekurangan-kekurangan yang ada dalam pembahasan ini, agar menjadi lebih baik dari
sebelumnyа
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas XI TKJ di SMK Negeri 11 Malang
No full textABSTRAK Sariyah. 2016. Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning TerhadapKemampuan Berpikir Kritis SiswaKelas XITKJdi SMKNegeri 11Malang. Skripsi, Jurusan Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing: (I) Dr. Nur Wahyu Rochmadi, M. Pd., M. Si (II) Drs. Petir Pudjantoro, M. Si. Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran, Model Problem Based Learning, Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis. Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning merupakan salah satu model pada pendekatan saintifik dimana Model Problem Based Learning merupakan model pembelajaran yang menyajikan suatu situasi masalah autentik kepada siswa. Siswa dituntut untuk aktif melakukan penyelidikan secara mendalam sehingga siswa mampu menyusun pengetahuan mereka sendiri, mengembangkan inkuiri dan keterampilan berpikir pada level yang lebih tinggi, mengembangkan kemandirian dan rasa percaya diri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMK Negeri 11 Malang dengan Populasi siswa kelas XI TKJ. Dalam penelitian ini kelas XI TKJ 2 DAN XI TKJ 3 merupakan sampel penelitian. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan penelitian nonequivalent pretest-postest control group design. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji beda menggunakan Independent Sample T-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Kelas eksperimen yang diterapkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning memperoleh rata-rata peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis yang lebih besar dibandingkan kelas kontrol yaitu dari 53,38 menjadi 80,80, sementara pada kelas kontrol dari 53,67 menjadi 63,19. (2) Dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning peserta didik dituntut untuk aktif berinteraksi dab berbagi pengetahuan dengan teman kelompoknya, sehingga kemampuan berpikir siswa pada kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi daripada kelas kontrol. (3) Model Problem Based Learning berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil uji hipotesis, kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol yang memiliki nilai sig (2-tailed) 0,000 < 0,05. Model Problem Based Learning memiliki kontribusi yang relatif tinggi terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disarankan agar guru menerapkan Model Problem Based Learning untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, mengingat pentingnya keterlibatan siswa dalam proses pemecahan masalah sehingga proses belajar mengajar menjadi lebih menyenangkan.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Late reduction in congenital dislocation of the hip and the need for secondary surgery: radiologic predictors and confounding variables
No full textBackground: Despite early recognition and appropriate treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip, there are a number of cases that subsequently require further surgery to prevent progressive dysplasia, instability, and eventual early osteoarthritis. This study aimed (1) to determine the incidence of pelvic osteotomy (PO) after late open (OR) or closed (CR) reduction for failed initial conservative treatment or late presentation; (2) study potential radiologic predictors of those that will require a secondary procedure; (3) and to evaluate the effect of potential confounding variables including age of reduction, Pavlik harness treatment, and surgical experience on PO rate.Methods: All cases of congenital dislocation of the hip that presented late or had failed conservative treatment with subsequent late OR versus CR, that were carried out during 1988 to 2003, by the lead surgeon were included. Dislocations secondary to neuromuscular causes or teratologic causes were excluded. Intraoperative arthrograms confirmed the concentric or eccentric reduction and determined subsequent intervention. The AP pelvis plain radiograph was used to measure the height of dislocation, as described by Tonnis, and monitor Acetabular index, and ossific nucleus width and height postreduction.Results: After 134 OR's, 24 hips (19%, 95% CI: 16-23%) later required a pelvic osteotomy compared with 59 out of 104 hips (58%, 95% CI: 49-68%) in the CR cohort. There was no statistical difference in avascular necrosis rates between late OR (10.9%, 95% CI: 4.8-17%) and CR (11.4%, 95% CI: 5.8-17%). Acetabular index was a reliable predictor for the need of subsequent PO becoming significantly different in those that did (PO group) and did not (non-PO group) require further surgery approximately 1.5 years postreduction. There was no difference in the ON development after reduction in both PO and non-PO groups. The PO requirement was not affected by earlier failed Pavlik harness treatment but did change with ongoing surgical experience. Late OR produced the lowest secondary procedure rate without an increase in the incidence of avascular necrosis. There is a learning curve to this procedure that will affect these outcomes.Level of Evidence: Level III (Case-control study).<br/
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