1,721,033 research outputs found
Listening Effort: The hidden costs and benefits of cochlear implants
No full textSpraakverstaan in ideale omstandigheden lijkt voor normaal horenden welhaast moeiteloos. Echter, voor slechthorenden met een cochleair implantaat (CI) is, door beperkingen van het apparaat, de gehoorzenuw, en de signaaloverdracht van CI naar zenuw, de kwaliteit van het spraaksignaal lager. Zelfs als de spraak wel volledig verstaan kan worden, kan het interpreteren van CI-gemedieerde spraak meer inspanning kosten, mogelijk zelfs in gunstige luisteromstandigheden maar zeker in uitdagendere omstandigheden. Hoewel hoge luisterinspanning niet direct zichtbaar is voor buitenstaanders heeft het wel gevolgen voor de luisteraar: het kan leiden tot moeite met uitvoeren van gelijktijdige taken, minder goed herinneren van hetgeen gezegd was, en kan op langere termijn leiden tot vermoeidheid en verhoogd risico op ziekteverzuim. CI gebruikers die dit soort problemen ondervinden kunnen dus baat hebben bij verminderde luisterinspanning. De resultaten laten zien dat een verbetering in de kwaliteit van het spraaksignaal, door bijvoorbeeld hogere frequentieresolutie of toegevoegde laagfrequent akoestisch geluid, luisterinspanning kan verlagen. Deze verbeteringen in luisterinspanning kunnen zich zelfs nog voordoen als spraakverstaanbaarheid onveranderd lijkt, ofwel omdat spraakverstaan een plafond heeft bereikt, of omdat het (kunstmatig) door ruis gelijk wordt gehouden. Dit illustreert het belang van het meten van luisterinspanning naast de gebruikelijke maten van spraak verstaan. Een goede maat voor luisterinspanning kan nuttig zijn voor gebruik in onderzoek, om zo beter inzicht te krijgen in welke factoren invloed hebben op spraakverstaan en luisterinspanning en welke strategieën werken om luisterinspanning te verbeteren, en voor gebruik in de kliniek, om de CI te kunnen afregelen voor optimale luisterinspanning
A dual-task paradigm as an objective measure of listening effort with cochlear implant simulations
No full textReport for Hoorplatform, link: http://www.hoorplatform.nl/index.php?s_page_id=133&id=242
No full textDifferences in the processing of spoken sentences between young and elderly normal-hearing adults
No full textNon-native prosody perception in cochlear implant-simulated speech
No full textLearning English as a non-native language is an essential component of the Dutch educational system. How learners acquire a non-native language in a school setting has frequently been studied, but usually with the assumption that all learners have “normal hearing”. Far less is known about learners with reduced hearing abilities, such as cochlear implant (CI) users. These learners have to develop listening-based non-native language skills with degraded auditory input and may thus be at a disadvantage compared with their peers without hearing difficulties. This dissertation explores how hearing with a CI, commonly referred to as electric hearing, influences non-native language learning, specifically for native Dutch adolescents who are learning English as a non-native language in a school setting in the Netherlands. The investigation zooms in on the effect of electric hearing for non-native prosody perception. CI users and CI-simulation listeners generally have difficulty processing prosodic patterns in speech—such as stress and intonation—due to the reduced quality of the signal. The question is whether this effect is the same in both the native and the non-native language. This dissertation shows that there is a robust negative effect of electric hearing for prosody perception, regardless of language. Whilst processing prosodic patterns in speech, listeners appear to not be more strongly influenced by electric hearing in the non-native language than in the native language, suggesting that the effect of electric hearing does not interact with any cross-linguistic influences that may occur during non-native prosody perception
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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