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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Effects of local anaesthetics during intravenous catheter placement in horses
Get PDFPlacering av perifer intravenös venkateter är en rutinprocedur inom veterinärmedicin både inom klinisk verksamhet och inom försöksdjursverksamhet. Placering av perifer venkateter är ett invasivt och potentiellt smärtsamt ingrepp. Förekomsten av användning av analgesi inför proceduren varierar och evidensen för användning är hos flera djurslag inte klarlagd. Att identifiera väl fungerande metoder gällande analgesi inför ingreppet skulle medföra minimerat lidande och därmed förbättrad djurvälfärd och förbättrat djurskydd.
Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics, EMLA-kräm, är en topikal lokalbedövningskräm inne-hållande lidokain och prilokain. EMLA används frekvent inom humanmedicinen inför mindre invavsiva ingrepp så som nålstick och har visat god analgetisk effekt både hos barn och vuxna. EMLA har också visats ge god analgetisk effekt vid placering av venkateter på hund, katt och kanin. På råtta och get har EMLA dock inte gett tillräcklig analgesi inför kanylering. Det finns i nuläget inga studier som utvärderar effekten av EMLA vid placering av venkateter hos häst. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om EMLA eller EMLA i kombination med subkutan lidokaininjektion minskar smärta och obehag hos häst vid placering av perifer venkateter i jugularvenen.
Studien utfördes på åtta hästar ägda av Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet. Hästarna randomiserades till en ordning av följande behandlingar: sham (I), EMLA + lidokain (II), EMLA (III) och placebo (IV). Perifer venkateter placerades i jugularvenen vid samtliga behandlingar förutom sham. Effekten av de olika behandlingarna utvärderades genom mätning av hudsensibilitet med von Frey-filament, subjektiv bedömning av beteenden under ingreppet och beteendeobservationer från videoinspelning med etogram.
Studien indikerar att en kombination av EMLA och subkutan lidokaininjektion ger mest adekvat analgesi inför placering av venkateter jämfört med övriga behandlingar, men skillnaden är inte signifikant i jämförelse med placebo. Studien indikerar dock att EMLA applicerad i 30 minuter inte ger uppenbart förbättrad analgesi jämfört med placebo. Det är därmed möjligt att verkningstiden som användes inte var tillräckligt lång för att uppnå önskad effekt och att det är därför EMLA och lidokain tycks ha gett upphov till mer adekvat analgesi. Resultaten från studien stödjer att det förekommer stora individuella variationer i hur djur upplever och uppvisar smärta vilket ställer stora krav på hur vi mest optimalt bör bedöma smärta hos häst. Användning av von Frey-filament för mätning av hudsensibilitet fungerade inte optimalt i denna studie. En annan metod där tröskelvärden genereras skulle kunna ge en mer tillförlitlig mätning av hudsensibilitet. Studien har utförts på en liten studiepopulation vilket ska beaktas vid tolkning av resultaten. Resultaten motiverar vidare studier på området med en större och mer heterogen studiepopulation.Peripheral intravenous catheter placement is a routine procedure in veterinary medicine both in clinical practice and in laboratory animal practice. Placement of the intravenous catheter is an invasive and potentially painful procedure. The prevalence of the use of analgesia prior to the procedure varies and the evidence for its use is still to be determined in several animal species. Identifying well-functioning methods of analgesia prior to the procedure would minimize suffering and improve animal welfare.
Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics, EMLA cream, is a topical local anaesthetic cream containing lidocaine and prilocaine. EMLA is frequently used in human medicine prior to less invasive procedures such as cannulation and has shown good analgesic effect in both children and adults. EMLA has also been shown to provide a good analgesic effect when placing intravenous catheter in dogs, cats, and rabbits. However, EMLA did not provide sufficient analgesia before cannulation in rats and goats. There are currently no studies that evaluate the effect of EMLA when placing peripheral intravenous catheter in horses. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether EMLA or EMLA in combination with subcutaneous lidocaine injection reduces pain and discomfort in horses when placing a peripheral venous catheter in the jugular vein.
The study included eight horses owned by the Swedish University of Agriculture. The horses were randomized to an order of the following treatments: sham (I), EMLA + lidocaine (II), EMLA (III) and placebo (IV). Intravenous catheters were placed in the jugular vein in all treatments except sham. The effect of the different treatments was evaluated by measuring skin sensitivity with von Frey filaments, by subjective assessment of behaviours during the intervention and by behavioural observations from video recording using ethograms.
The study indicates that a combination of EMLA and subcutaneous lidocaine injection provides the most adequate analgesia prior to placement of venous catheters compared to other treatments, but the difference is not significant compared to placebo. However, the study indicates that EMLA applied for 30 minutes does not clearly improve analgesia compared to placebo. It is possible that the duration of action used was too short to achieve the desired effect, and that is why EMLA and lidocaine seem to have provided more adequate analgesia. The results from the studies support that there are large individual variations in how animals experience and exhibit pain, which places great demands on how we should assess pain in horses. Use of von Frey filaments for measuring skin sensitivity did not work optimally in this study. Another method where threshold values are obtained could provide a more reliable measurement of skin sensitivity. The study was conducted on a small study population, which should be considered when interpreting results. The results motivate further studies in the area with a larger and more heterogeneous study population
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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