1,720,960 research outputs found
Caiçaras and the Ecological Station of Jureia-Itatins (South Coast - São Paulo): an ethnographic and ecological approach for the study of the human-environment relationship
Get PDFEsta dissertação tem como objetivo geral o estudo etnográfico sob a perspectiva etno-ecológica de algumas comunidades caiçaras habitantes da Estação Ecológica de Jureia-Itatins, localizada no litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo. É escasso o conhecimento que se tem sobre a cultura caiçara, desde a sua definição e caracterização ate estudos relacionados às estratégias de subsistência, sistemas de crenças e de adaptação dessa sociedade ao meio natural. Pretende-se aqui discutir como e de que forma os caiçaras desenvolveram sua relação com o meio ambiente ao longo do tempo, através de um processo histórico de mudanças na região do Vale do Ribeira, que inclui também criação da Estação Ecológica de Juréia-Itatins. A EEJI e uma unidade de conservação com cerca de 80.000 hectares de área que abrange o Ecossistema Atlântico ou Floresta Atlântica. Para isso, aspectos como o histórico, a organização social e o manejo do ambiente foram discutidos, cujos dados foram obtidos com base no etnoconhecimento, em entrevistas informais e semi-estruturadas, em observações participantes e observações indiretas, associadas à visitas e à diagnósticos em campo. Este estudo adota um enfoque eminentemente materialista da relação homem-meio ambiente, dentro de um contexto histórico, econômico, social, politico e ambiental específicos, na interface antropologia-ecologia. Essa interface e enriquecedora à ecologia, por permitir relacionar tais contextos às praticas de manejo, à dinâmica sócio-cultural e à tomada de decisões que levam as sociedades humanas sobreviverem e reproduzirem-se material e culturalmente. No Brasil, a grande maioria das pesquisas abordando esses aspectos esteve voltada, principalmente, as populações indígenas e às caboclas ribeirinhas da Amazônia.The main objective of this dissertation is an ethnographic study performed from an ethnoecologic perspective of some caiçara communities inhabiting the Estaçâo Ecológica de Juréia-Itatins, in the southern coast of the State of Sao Paulo. Knowledge of caiçara culture is scarce - even its definition and characterization are still being questioned - and only scant information can be obtained from studies related to subsistence strategies, belief systems, and adaptation to environment. It is intended here to discuss the ways and means by which the caiçaras developed their relationship to their environment through time, following the historical process of changes undergone by the Vale do Ribeira region, also including the establishment of the Estação Ecológica de Jureia-Itatins. The EEJI is a conservation unit of 80,000 hectares including the Atlantic ecosystem or the Atlantic Forest. To achieve this aim, social organization, environment managing and historical aspects were discussed. Data was based on ethnoknowledge - obtained by means of informal and semi-structered interviews - as well as by participative and indirect observations, associated to visits and field diagnosis. This study opted for a strongly materialistic point of view of the man environment relationship, within specific historical, economic, social, political and environmental backgrounds in the anthropology-ecology interface. This interface enriches ecology, as it allows relating such contexts to handling practices, to social-cultural dynamics and to the decision taking which will allow human societies to survive, reproduce and develop their culture. Most of the researches considering such aspects in Brazil concentrated mainly on aboriginal or caboclo riverside populations of the Amazon Basin
'Y Ikatu Xingu Campaign : Xingu headwaters environmental governance (Mato Grosso, Brazil)
No full textOrientadores: Célia Regina Tomiko Futemma, Leila da Costa FerreiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências HumanasResumo: A região das nascentes do rio Xingu (17 milhões hectares, Mato Grosso) traz um cenário desafiador para a governança ambiental na Amazônia. Apesar de profundamente alterada nos últimos 50 anos pelas políticas nacionais desenvolvimentistas e, consequentemente, pela perda de 5 milhões de hectares de florestas e cerrados, esta problemática permitiu a visibilidade nacional e internacional dessa região e dos povos do Parque Indígena do Xingu. As mudanças na qualidade de água, denunciadas pelos indígenas, foram motivadoras para a construção social da Campanha `Y Ikatu Xingu, articulada entre organizações públicas e privadas pelo Instituto Socioambiental, em prol de uma missão: a proteção e recuperação das nascentes do Xingu. O objetivo desta tese é analisar a governança ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do rio Suiá-Miçu (BHSM), por meio das ações desencadeadas pela Campanha `Y Ikatu Xingu. Esta bacia abrange 2,3 milhões de hectares de superfície e compreende parte do território tradicional indígena do povo K?sêdjê. Os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos desta tese estão ancorados na Teoria dos Comuns e no arcabouço do IAD (Institutional Analisis and Devolpment), para verificar a hipótese da Campanha como uma forma eficaz de governança dos recursos comuns. Foram investigados os eventos históricos internacionais e as políticas públicas nacionais que tiveram impacto sobre as dinâmicas de ocupação da bacia da BHSM. Além disso, foram analisados os elementos do IAD, a partir de 63 entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes de organizações, produtores rurais e lideranças indígenas K?sêdjê; de observações diretas em 20 áreas de restauração florestal; e da análise espacial do uso e cobertura da terra da BHSM, entre 1984-2009. Dentre os fatores para a governança ambiental da região, destacaram-se: 1) a assimetria de poder entre os usuários da BHSM e um quadro fundiário de concentração de terras, sobreposto a diferentes direitos de acesso e uso dos recursos comuns; 2) a legitimidade do pacto pela missão da Campanha, reconhecida pelos entrevistados e parcialmente pelos K?sêdjê e; 3) a ausência de mecanismos de resolução de conflitos entre os agentes sociais, como no caso da construção de uma barragem em local sagrado no maior rio formador do Xingu, o rio Culuene. Os resultados desta tese confirmaram a hipótese de governança, considerando: 1) as características dos ecossistemas de inundação da BHSM, e sua importância na produção hídrica; 2) a diversidade de organizações (88), em grande parte (85,2%) nacionais e com forte inserção regional; 3) a adaptação das decisões da Campanha às mudanças nas regras constitucionais - como o Código Florestal; 4) a acomodação do grande número e funções dos agentes sociais em diferentes espaços de decisão. Os arranjos da Rede de Sementes do Xingu estabelecidos entre coletores e organizações sociais, atendem os princípios de planejamento e de sucesso das instituições; 5) a introdução de técnicas de restauração florestal, como o plantio mecanizado de sementes nativas, adaptadas às condições locais e; 6) a redução das taxas de desmatamento na BHSM, que deve ser atribuída às ações da Campanha conjugadas com as sanções legais, na regularização ambiental de propriedades ruraisAbstract: The region of the Xingu River headwaters (17 million hectares, Mato Grosso) brings a challenging scenario for environmental governance in the Amazon. Although deeply changed in the last 50 years by the national developmentalist policies and, consequently, because of the loss of 5 million hectares of forests and cerrados, this issue allowed the national and international visibility of the region and the populations of the Xingu Indigenous Park. Changes in water quality, denounced by the indigenous people, were motivators for the social construction of the 'Y Ikatu Xingu Campaign, articulated between public and private organizations by the Instituto Socioambiental, on behalf of a mission: the protection and recovery of the Xingu springs. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the environmental governance of the basin of the Suiá-Miçu river (BHSM), through the actions triggered by the 'Y Ikatu Xingu Campaign. The basin covers 2.3 million hectares of surface and comprises part of the traditional territory of the indigenous people K?sêdjê. The theoretical and methodological foundations of this thesis are anchored in the Commons Theory and IAD (Institutional Analisis and Development) framework to verify the hypothesis of the Campaign as an effective form of governance of the common resources. International historical events were investigated, as well as national public policies that had an impact on the occupation dynamics of the BHSM basin. In addition, the IAD elements were analyzed from 63 semi-structured interviews with representatives of organizations, farmers and indigenous K?sêdjê leaders; from direct observations in 20 areas of forest restoration; and spatial analysis of land use and land cover of the BHSM between 1984-2009. Among the factors for environmental governance in the region, stood out: 1) the asymmetry of power between users of the BHSM and a framework of land concentration, overlapped with different access rights and use of the common resources; 2) the legitimacy of the pact for the mission of the Campaign, recognized by the interviewees and partially by the K?sêdjê and; 3) the absence of mechanisms for resolving conflicts between the social agents, as in the case of the construction of a dam on the most sacred site of the Xingu river, the Culuene river. The results of this thesis confirmed the governance hypothesis, considering: 1) the characteristics of the BHSM flood ecosystems, and its importance in hydro production; 2) the diversity of organizations (88), largely (85,2%) national and with strong regional insertion; 3) the adaptation of the decisions of the Campaign to changing constitutional rules - such as the Forest Code; 4) the accommodation of the large number and functions of the social agents in different decision-making spaces. The arrangements the Xingu Seeds Network established among collectors and social organizations meet the principles of planning and success of the institutions; 5) the introduction of forest restoration techniques such as mechanical planting of native seeds, adapted to local conditions and; 6) reduction of deforestation rates in the BHSM, which should be attributed to the combined actions of the Campaign with legal sanctions, in the environmental regularization of rural propertiesDoutoradoAspectos Biológicos de Sustentabilidade e ConservaçãoDoutora em Ambiente e Sociedad
Planejando a gestão em um cenário socioambiental de mudanças: o caso da bacia do rio Xingu
Get PDFFor five years ISA has been consolidating and strengthening collaboration among regional stakeholders (indigenous people, social movements, large farmers and government) and local populations living around the Xingu Indigenous Park, in northern Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Its goal is a public campaign integrated with a regional planning process focusing on protecting the Xingu headwaters. This process includes the production of information, workshops, events and expeditions to promote environmental consciousness in the groups involved. The indigenous people have been denouncing problems of sedimentation and declining water quality, caused by the deforestation on the Xingu basin. One of the most important accomplishments of this process was Xingu Waterheads Meeting, in the city of Canarana.Há cinco anos, o Instituto Socioambiental (ISA) busca consolidar e ampliar seu raio de articulações com diversos interlocutores regionais (índios, movimentos sociais, grandes produtores rurais e governos) e a população local que vive no entorno do Parque Indígena do Xingu, norte do Mato Grosso. O objetivo é promover uma campanha pública integrada a um processo de planejamento regional, cujo foco é a proteção das nascentes do rio Xingu. Esse processo inclui a produção de informações, a realização de seminários e encontros e expedições que despertem uma conscientização entre esses interlocutores. As comunidades indígenas vêm anunciando problemas de assoreamento dos rios e de perda de qualidade da água, relacionados aos desmatamentos na bacia do Xingu. Um dos mais importantes resultados desse processo foi a realização do encontro Nascentes do Rio Xingu, na cidade de Canarana
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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