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EVALUASI LAPANGAN OptiMALTm UNTUK DIAGNOSIS MALARIA FALCIPARUM DAN MALARIA VIVAX DI DAERAH DENGAN KEJADIAN LUAR BIASA MALARIA DI KECAMATAN PURWONEGORO DAN BANJARNEGARA KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA
Full text linkMalaria has been increasing in Central Java Province, Indonesia and outbreaks of malaria have occurred in some areas of the province.
Recently , a new rapid malaria detection test, OptiMAL (Flow Inc.,Portland, Oregon, USA, also produced by DiaMed, Cressier, Switzerland), was introduced. This test is based on detection of an enzyme produced by live parasites, parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), and has the ability to differentiate the four major Plasmodium species associated with human malaria (Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, P. ovule, and P. malariae ) in under 10 minutes.
The objectives of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic values and the applicability of the test in patients with clinical suspicion of malaria in rural areas during malaria outbreak (March 2002) in Banjamegara Regency, Central of Java Province, Indonesia. A conventional microscopic diagnosis with Giemsa stain was used as a gold standard. Whole blood samples were obtained from 93 patients with clinical suspicion of having malaria. For P. falciparum, using a cut off-point 1-positive (1+) of staining intensity,the OptiMAL test, the sensitivity was 85,7 % (95%CI: 78,-92,8 %) and the specificity was 89,9 % (95%CI : 83,8-95,9%) , with positive predictive value (PPV) of 60 % (95% CI : 50,2-69,8%), a negative predictive value (NPV) of 97,3 % (95%CI : 93,9100,6 %) and an accurate value of 89,3 % (95% CI : 83-95,6 %). For P. vivax, using a cut off-point 1-positive (1+), the sensitivity was 92,7 % (95 %CI : 87,6-97,8 %), the specificity was 96,1 % (95%CI : 92,2-100,2 %), with a PPV of 95 % (95% CI : 90,5-99,5 %) , a NPV of 94,3 % (95 % CI : 89,6-99 %) and an accurate value of 94, 6% (95 % CI : 90,1-99,1 %).
The K (kappa) agreement between two readers for P. falciparum was 0,96 (95% CI : 92-99%) and P. vivax was 0,97 (95 % CI : 93-100 %).
We conclude that the OptiMAL test had good sensitivity and specificity and can be performed easily and quickly. Despite it the cost is relatively expensive compared to conventional methode, this test is valuable an rural health centers with limited microscopic diagnosis facilities, and also in emergency clinics.
Malaria meningkat kasusnya di Propinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia dan Kejadian Luar Biasa malaria terjadi di beberapa tempat di dalam Propinsi.
Baru-baru ini , sebuah tes pendeteksi malaria metode cepat, OptiMAL ( produksi Flow Inc., Portland, Oregon, USA, juga diproduksi oleh DiaMed, Cressier, Swiss ) telah diperkenalkan. Tes ini bekerja atas dasar terdeteksinya enzim parasit laktat dehidrogenase (pLDH) yang diproduksi oleh parasit yang hidup dan mempunyai kemampuan untuk membedakan ke 4 spesies Plasmodium yang menginfeksi manusia ( Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, P. ovate dan P. malariae) dalam waktu 10 menit.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi nilai-nilai diagnostik dan aplikasi tes ini pada penderita dengan dugaan klinis malaria di daerah perifer selama Kejadian Luar Biasa malaria (Maret 2002) di Kabupaten Banjamegara, Propinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Pemeriksaan mikroskopik dengan pewarnaan Giemsa digunakan sebagai baku emas. Sebanyak 93 darah dari penderita diduga klinis malaria diikut sertakan dalam penelitian ini. Untuk P. falciparum, dengan menggunakan titik potong positif 1, tes OptiMAL 85,7 % (95% CI : 78,6-92,8 %) sensitif dan 89,9 % (95 % CI : 83,8-95,9 %) spesifik, dengan nilai ramal positif 60% ( 95% CI : 50,2 -2 69,8 % ), nilai ramal negatif 97,3 % ( 95 % CI : 93,9 — 100,6 % ) dan akurasi 89,3 % ( 95 % CI : 83 — 95,6 % ). Untuk P. vivax, dengan menggunakan titik potong positif 1, sensitifitasnya adalah 92,7 % ( 95 % CI : 87,6 — 97,8% ), spesifisitasnya 96,1 % ( 95 % CI : 92,2 - 100,2 % ), nilai ramal positif 95% ( 95% CI : 90,5 — 99,5 % ), nilai ramal negatif 94,3% ( 95% CI : 89,6- 99% ) dan nilai akurasi 94,6% ( 95% CI : 90,1 — 99,1 % ).
Indeks Kappa diantara dua pemeriksa untuk P. falciparum 0,96 ( 95% CI : 92- 99% ) dan P. vivax 0,97 ( 95% CI : 93 — 100 % ).
Kami berkesimpulan bahwa tes OptiMAL mempunyai sensitifitas dan spesifisitas yang baik dan dapat dipergunakan dengan mudah dan cepat. Meskipun harganya relatif mahal dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional , tes ini bermanfaat dipusat kesehatan di perifir dengan fasilitas diagnosis mikroskopik yang terbatas dan juga di klinik klinik gawat darurat
EVALUASI LAPANGAN OPTIMAL TM UNTUK DIAGNOSIS MALARIA FALCIPARUM DAN MALARIA VVAX DI DAERAH DENGAN TERJADI LUAR BIASA MALARIA DI KECAMATAN PURWONEGORO BANJARNEGARA KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA
Full text linkMalaria has been increasing in Central Java Province, Indonesia and outbreaks of malaria have occurred in some areas of the province.
Recently , a new rapid malaria detection test, OptiMAL (Flow Inc.,Portland, Oregon, USA, also produced by Dialled, Cressier, Switzerland), was introdticed. This test is based on detection of an enzyme produced by live parasites, parasitesi lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH), and has the ability to differentiate the four major PlasModium species associated with human malaria (Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, P. °vale, and P. malariae) in under 10 minutes.
The objectives of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic values and the applicability of the test in patients with clinical suspicion of malaria in rural areas during malaria outbreak (March 2002) in Banjarnegara Regency, Central of Java PrOvince, Indonesia. A conventional microscopic diagnosis with Giemsa stain was used as a gold standard. Whole blood samples were obtained from 93 patients with clinical suspicion of having malaria. For P. falciparum, using a cut off-point 1-positive (1+) of staining intensity,the OptiMAL test, the sensitivity was 85,7 % (95%CI: 78,-92,8 %) and the specificity was 89,9 % (95%CI : 83,8-95,9%) , with positive predictive value (PPV) of 60 % (95% CI : 50,2-69,8%), a negative predictive value (NPV) of 97,3 % (95%CI : 93,9100,6 %) and an accurate value of 89,3 % (95% CI : 83-95,6 %). For P. viva; using iscut off-point 1-positive (1+), the sensitivity was 92,7 % (95 %CI : 87,6-97,8 %)j the specificity was 96,1 % (95%CI : 92,2-100,2 %), with a PPV of 95 % (95% CI : 90,5j99,5 %) , a NPV of 94,3 % (95 % CI : 89,6-99 %) and an accurate value of 94, 6% (95 : 90,1-99,1 %).
The K (kappa) agreement between two readers for P. falciparum was 0,96 (95% CI : 92-99%) and P. vivax was 0,97 (95 % CI : 93-100 %).
We conclude that the OptiMAL test had good sensitivity and specificity and Can be performed easily and quickly. Despite it the cost is relatively expensive compared to conventional methode, this test is valuable an rural health centers with limited microscopic diagnosis facilities, and also in emergency clinics.
Malaria meningkat kasusnya di Propinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia dan Kejadian Luar Biasa malaria terjadi di beberapa tempat di dalam Propinsi.
Baru-barn ini , sebuah tes pendeteksi malaria metode cepat, OptiMAL ( produksi Flow Inc., Portland, Oregon, USA, juga diproduksi oleh DiaMed, Cressier, Swiss ) telah diperkenalkan. Tes ini bekerja atas dasar terdeteksinya enzim parasit laktat dehidrogenase (pLDH) yang diproduksi oleh parasit yang hidup dan mempunyai kemampuan untuk membedakan ke 4 spesies Plasmodium yang menginfeksi manusia ( Plasmodium vivar, P. falciparum, P. ovule dan P. malariae) dalam waktu 10 menit.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi nilai-nilai diagnostik dan aplikasi tes ini pada penderita dengan dugaan klinis malaria di daerah perifer selama Kejadian Luar Biasa malaria (Maret 2002) di Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Propinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Pemeriksaan mikroskopik dengan pewarnaan Giemsa digunakan sebagai baku emas. Sebanyak 93 darah dari penderita diduga Minis malaria diikut sertakan dalam penelitian ini. Untuk P. falciparum, dengan menggunakan titik potong positif 1, tes OptiMAL 85,7 % (95% CI : 78,6-92,8 %) sensitif dan 89,9 % (95 % CI : 83,8-95,9 %) spesifik, dengan nilai ramal positif 60% ( 95% CI : 50,2 = 69,8 % ), nilai ramal negatif 97,3 % ( 95 % CI : 93,9 — 100,6 % ) dan akurasi 89,3 % ( 95 % CI : 83 — 95,6 % ). Untuk P. vivax, dengan menggunakan titik potong positif 1, sensitifitasnya adalah 92,7 % ( 95 % CI : 87,6 — 97,8% ), spesifisitasnya 96,1 % ( 95 % CI : 92,2 - 100,2 % ), nilai ramal positif 95% ( 95% CI : 90,5 — 99,5 ), nilai ramal negatif 94,3% ( 95% CI : 89,6- 99% ) dan nilai akurasi 94,6% ( 95% CI : 90,1 — 99,1 % ).
Indeks Kappa diantara dua pemeriksa untuk P. falciparum 0,96 ( 95% CI : 92- 99% ) dan P. vivax 0,97 ( 95% CI : 93 —100 % ).
Kami berkesimpulan bahwa tes OptiMAL mempunyai sensitifitas dan spesifisitas yang baik dan dapat dipergunakan dengan mudah dan cepat. Meskipun harganya relatif mahal dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional , tes ini bermanfaat dipusat kesehatan di perifir dengan fasilitas diagnosis mikroskopik yang terbatas dan juga di klinik 'chink gawat darurat
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Case study: Thyrotoxicosis on women with complete hydatidiform molar pregnancy
Full text linkThyrotoxicosis defined as a clinical manifestation of excess circulating thyroid hormone. Epidemiologic investigation reports 0.2% of thyrotoxicosis is caused by hydatidiform mole. The New England Trophoblastic Disease Centre (NETDC) mentioned that 20% of hydatidiform mole cases have thyrotoxicosis as one of its complications. The basic pathogenesis of thyrotoxicosis is the similarity of the HCG subunit to TSH which results in excessive stimulation of thyroid hormone. We present thethyrotoxicosis case in a 15-weeks pregnant woman with complete hydatidiform mole. The patient admitted to the hospital with blackish-red coloured bleeding and several hyperthyroidism complaints, laboratory test showed elevated levels of HCG and thyroid hormone and decreased TSH. Imaging studies done with ultrasound showed with snowflake pattern. The patient then treated with thyroid hormone suppressant therapy before the hydatidiform mole evacuation. Normalization of thyroid hormone levels should be made immediately before the mole evacuation to avoid life-threatening thyroid storm complications
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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