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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Sosial Melalui Metode Outbound Anak Usia 3-4 Tahun Di PPT Umi Qolbu
Full text linkLatar belakang penelitian ini diawali oleh hasil data studi awal yang menunjukkan kondisi kemampuan sosial anak di PPT Umi Qolbu Rungkut Surabaya yang sangat kurang. Hal ini terbukti anak masih belum mampu sabar menunggu giliran, menunjukkan sikap toleransi, berbagi alat main, memberikan kesempatan bermain pada teman. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka peneliti mencoba menerapkan kegiatan dengan metode outbound .Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan aktivitas guru, anak, dan peningkatan belajar anak melalui metode outbound. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas (action research class) yang dirancang dalam bentuk siklus berulang. Setiap siklus terdiri 4 atas tahap yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak PPT Umi Qolbu Rungkut Surabaya kelompok usia 3-4 tahun sebanyak 20 anak, yang terdiri dari 9 laki-laki dan 11 perempuan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada siklus I yang diperoleh data dalam kemampuan sosial anak dalam metode outbound 67.5%. Hal ini menunjukkan penelitian tindakan kelas ini belum berhasil oleh karena target kriteria tindakan adalah 80%, maka penelitian berlanjut pada siklus II. Pada siklus II diperoleh data kemampuan sosial mencapai 92.5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode outbound dapat meningkatkan kemampuan sosial.Kata kunci : Kemampuan sosial, Metode OutboundAbstract The background study of this research is began by earlier researched data that showing the lack of social ability of PPT Qolbu’s Children. This is proofed by their impatience when they are waiting for their turn, showing tolerance, sharing playing tools, and giving playing chance to others. Based on that, researcher tried to apply the outbond method. The aim of this research is describing teacher and children’s activity, and also the improvement of children’s learning through the outbond method. This research used class action research that is arranged in repeated cycle. Each cycle consist of 4 steps, they are: planning, action, observation, and reflection. Subjects of this research are 20 childrens of PPT Umi Qolbu Rungkut Surabaya, 3-4 years old; consist of 9 boys and 11 girls. The data collection techniques are observation and documentation. Analysis of data thenicque this research is analyzed using descriptive statistic. Base on the research in the I st cycle increased social ability of the method outbound 67,5%. This study showed class action has not been successful because the target criteria action specified for obout 80%, this study continutes on the 2st cycle. In 2st cycle found the social ability increased in chain reaches 92,5%. So, it can be concluded that outbound method is an effectived method that able to improve social ability of 3-4 years old children in PPT Umi Qolbu.Keywords : Social ability, Outbound method
ARTIKEL REVIEW: PEMANFAATAN KATALIS ABU CANGKANG PADA REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK JELANTAH MENJADI BIODIESEL
Full text linkThis review article about the use of a catalyst derived from shell ash in the transesterification reaction of used cooking oil into biodiesel. The preparation of this article was carried out using a literature study by reviewing research articles. Biodiesel is a subtitute for reneable fuels, environmentally friendly and can replace diesel. Biodiesel is generally produced using a transesterification reaction is slow so that a catalyst is needed that can speed up the reaction. CaO catalyst can be obtained from shell ash that has been calcined at the certain temperature which can produce metal oxides. The highest metal oxide content in shell ash is CaO in the range of 81,09% to 93,16% using a calcination temperature in the range of 700oC to 900oC. Used cooking oil is cooking oil that has been used in the frying process for many times and has been damaged due to hydrolysis, oxidation, and polymerization processes. Based on the results of the literature study, it can be seen that the CaO catalyst from egg shell ash, snail shells and blood clam shell produced. The higest %yield biodiesel in the transesterification reaction of used cooking oil, which was 99,738% which came from egg shell ash. These result are influenced between alcohol and oil ratio of 12 : 1, the amount of 7% CaO catalyst, and transesterification reaction temperature of 70oC.Artikel review ini berisi menngenai pemanfaatan katalis yang berasal dari abu cangkang pada reaksi transesterifikasi minyak jelantah menjadi biodiesel. Penyusunan artikel ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan studi pustaka dengan mengkaji artikel-artikel penelitian yang ada. Bioodiesel merupakan pengganti bahan bakar yang dapat diperbaharui, ramah lingkungan, dan dapat menggantikan solar. Biodiesel umumnya diproduksi dengan menggunakaneaksi transesterifikasi antarainyak hewani maupun minyak nabati dengan alkohol. Reaksi transesterifikasi berlangsung lambat sehingga diperlukan katalis yang dapat mempercepat reaksi. Katalis CaO dapat diperoleh dari abu cangkang yang telah dikalsinasi dengan suhu tertentu yang dapat menghasilkan oksida logam. Kandungan oksida logam tertinggi pada abu cangkang yaitu CaO pada rentang 81,09 % sampai dengan 93,16% dengan menggunakan suhu kalsinasi pada rentang 700oC sampai 900oC. Minyak jelantah merupakan minyak goreng yang telah digunakan dalam proses penggorengan yang sudah rusak akibat proses hidrolisis, oksidasi dan polimerisasi . Berdasarkan hasil studi literatur dapat diketahui bahwa katalis CaO dari abu cangkang telur, cangkang siput dan cangkang kerang darah menghasilkan %hasil biodiesel yang tertinggi pada reaksi transesterifikasi dari minyak jelantah yaitu sebesar 99,738% yang berasal dari abu cangkang telur. Hasil tersebut dipengaruhi antara rasio alkohol dan minyak sebesar 12 : 1, jumlah katalis CaO sebesar 7% dengan suhu reaksi transesterifikasi sebesar 70oC
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
a RIVIEW: SINTESIS BIODIESEL DENGAN KATALIS HETEROGEN DARI CANGKANG HEWAN MOLLUSCA
No full textEnergy is a very important need in human life. Most of the energy needs that humans need are supplied from non-renewable natural resources such as oil, natural gas and coal. The solution given is to replace it with biodiesel. Biodiesel is an alternative energy based on plants and animals. Sources of vegetable oil can be obtained from rubber seeds and cooking oil. Rubber seeds contain about 40-50%-w vegetable oil with the dominant fatty acid composition being oleic acid and linoleic acid, while the rest are palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid and other fatty acids. Catalysts derived from several shells showed that the yield value of the highest shellfish was in green mussels with a yield of 90.1% with a reaction temperature of 65oC for 4 hours with a catalyst weight of 5% of the weight of biodiesel..
Keywords: Calcination, Transesterification, MolluscaEnergi merupakan kebutuhan yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Sebagian besar kebutuhan energi yang diperlukan manusia dipasok dari sumber daya alam yang tak dapat diperbaharui contohnya seperti minyak bumi, gas alam dan juga batu bara. Solusi yang di berikan ialah dengan menggantinya menggunakan biodiesel. Biodiesel merupakan energi alternatif berbasis nabati dan hewani. Sumber minyak nabati dapat diperoleh pada biji karet dan juga minyak goreng. Pada biji karet mengandung sekitar 40-50%-b minyak nabati dengan komposisi asam lemak yang dominan adalah asam oleat dan asam linoleat, sementara sisanya berupa asam palmitat, asam stearat, asam arachidat dan asam lemak lainnya. Katalis yang berasal dari beberapa cangkang kerang menunjukkan bahwa nilai yield pada kerang tertinggi yaitu pada kerang hijau dengan yield sebesar 90,1% dengan suhu reaksi 65oC selama 4 jam dengan berat katalis 5% dari berat biodiesel.
Kata Kunci : Kalsinasi, Transesterifikasi, Mollusc
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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