758 research outputs found
Musa b. Ukbe’nin (v. 141/ 758) Siyer’e dair rivayetlerinin değerlendirilmesi (hz. Muhammed’in nübüvvetine kadar)
No full textHz. Muhammed’in hayatının peygamberlik öncesi dönemi hakkında İslam Tarihi kaynaklarında oldukça farklı rivayetler mevcuttur. Üstelik bu farklılık çok erken dönemlerden itibaren mevcuttur. Bu farklılıkların mümkünse sebeplerinin anlaşılabilmesi veya en azından hangi bilginin daha güvenilir ve tercihe şayan olduğunun belirlenebilmesi amacıyla İslami ilimlerin kendine has yöntemi olan “isnad” kullanılarak ve İslam tarihinin çok geniş sahası ilk dönemle sınırlanıp Megāzî müellifi olduğu iddia edilen ve bu sahada hemen her olayın farklı bir anlatımına rastladığımız Musa b. Ukbe’nin rivayetleri tezin merkezinde tutulmak suretiyle konu ile ilgili diğer rivayetlerin değerlendirilmesi önemli görülmektedir. Zira böylece erken dönem İslam tarihi çalışmalarında çok problemli bir alan olan Hz. Muhammed’in peygamberlik öncesi dönemi hem aydınlatılma hem de çeşitli spekülasyonlardan arındırılma imkanına sahip olacaktır. Ukbe, Megāzî, Siyer, İslam Tarihi, Hz. Muhammed, Peygamberlik Öncesi, Rivayet.There are widely different narratives about the pre-prophecy life of the Prophet Muhammad in the early Islamic sources. It seems important to review relative narratives about the subject and the thesis focuses on the narratives of Musa b. Uqba, the author of a maghazi, who uses the way of “isnad”, a specific method in Islamic scholarship to understand variations. This would help us identify reliable data in the early Islamic period. Thus, it’ll be possible to light and purify from speculations the pre-prophecy life of the Prophet Muhammad, which is very problematical area in the early Islamic history. Key Words: Musa b. Uqba, Maghazi, Siyar, History of İslam, Mohammed, Pre-prophecy, Narrative
Estudo da atividade biológica de Baccharis articulata, Musa x paradisiaca e rutina na homeostasia da glicose em modelos experimentais in vivo e in vitro
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em FarmáciaA insulina é o principal hormônio anabólico responsável pelo controle da captação, utilização e armazenamento dos nutrientes celulares como carboidratos, proteínas e lipídios, sendo essencial para a manutenção da homeostasia da glicose, o crescimento e diferenciação celular. Defeitos na ação e/ou na secreção de insulina podem levar à hiperglicemia, característica da diabetes melito. A diabetes melito é uma patologia complexa e multifatorial de elevada morbidade e mortalidade e, por esse motivo, é considerada uma epidemia, caracterizando um problema de saúde pública mundial. Muitas plantas são conhecidas na medicina popular de diferentes culturas pelas propriedades hipoglicemiantes e tem um uso crescente no tratamento da diabetes. Os compostos fenólicos derivados de plantas, especialmente os flavonóides, apresentam diversas propriedades e tem um potencial terapêutico muito investigado. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o efeito de extratos e frações de Bacharis articulata (carqueja) e de Musa x paradisiaca (banana), assim como do flavonóide rutina, na homeostasia da glicose em modelos experimentais in vivo e in vitro. As duas espécies foram avaliadas quanto às atividades anti-hiperglicêmica e/ou hipoglicemiante na curva de tolerância à glicose e em modelos de diabetes induzidos experimentalmente, como a secreção de insulina, o conteúdo de glicogênio hepático e muscular, a inibição das enzimas ?-glicosidases e a propriedade anti-glicação, assim como o conteúdo de flavonóides. Além disso, foi estudado o mecanismo de ação da rutina na captação de glicose e de cálcio em músculo sóleo, e também a secreção de insulina in vivo e o mecanismo de ação da rutina na captação de cálcio em ilhotas pancreáticas isoladas. Para tanto, foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos entre 50-55 dias de idade. Para a realização da curva de tolerância à glicose as coletas de sangue, para determinação da glicose e insulina sérica, foram realizadas nos tempos zero, 15, 30, 60, 120 e 180 minutos. Nos ensaios para a determinação do conteúdo de glicogênio os tecidos foram retirados dos animais 3 h após os tratamentos. As atividades das dissacaridases intestinais e a propriedade anti-glicação foram realizadas in vitro. A captação de 14C-glicose e de 45-cálcio (45Ca2+) foi estudada após a incubação do músculo sóleo com a rutina. As ilhotas pancreáticas foram isoladas e incubadas com 45Ca2+ e rutina, na presença ou não de diferentes inibidores e ativadores. Os extratos brutos, as frações n-butanol e residual aquosa de B. articulata e de M. x paradisiaca reduziram significativamente a glicemia de ratos normais hiperglicêmicos e potencializaram a secreção de insulina induzida por glicose. Além disso, observou-se um aumento no conteúdo de glicogênio no músculo sóleo e fígado após os tratamentos, principalmente com as frações n-butanol das duas espécies vegetais. Os extratos e as frações reduziram a atividade da maltase e preveniram a glicação. A rutina estimulou a captação de glicose e cálcio no músculo, estimulando a captação de glicose através da ativação de uma via insulinomimética e uma via independente da sinalização clássica da insulina. Além disso, a rutina estimulou a secreção de insulina in vivo e a captação de cálcio em ilhotas pancreática isoladas, atuando como um potencial agente secretagogo de insulina. Desta forma, apoiado nos resultados obtidos neste trabalho, propõe-se que as espécies vegetais, Baccharis articulata e Musa x paradisiaca, e o flavonóide rutina aqui estudados possam regular a homeostasia da glicose. Os mecanismos envolvem a inibição da enzima que permite a absorção intestinal da glicose, a inibição da glicação, o estímulo da secreção de insulina e o aumento na utilização de glicose pelos tecidos periféricos, evidenciando que estas duas espécies e a rutina podem atuar por múltiplos mecanismos de ação para regular a homeostasia da glicose e colaborar na prevenção das complicações da diabetes.Insulin is the main anabolic hormone responsible for controlling the uptake, use and storage of cellular nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. It is essential for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis, growth and cellular differentiation. Defects in action and / or secretion of insulin may lead to hyperglycemia, which characterizes diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a complex and multifactorial disease with high morbidity and mortality, therefore is considered epidemic causing a public health problem worldwide. Many plants are known in folk medicine of different cultures for their hypoglycemic properties showing an increasing use in the treatment of diabetes. The plant-derived phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, have several properties and their therapeutic potential has been investigated. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of extracts and fractions of Baccharis articulata ("carqueja") and Musa x paradisiaca ("banana"), as well as the flavonoid rutin, in glucose homeostasis using in vivo and in vitro experimental models. Antihyperglycemic and / or hypoglycemic activity in the curve of glucose tolerance and in models of experimentally induced diabetes, insulin secretion, the hepatic glycogen content and muscle, inhibition of the enzymes á-glucosidases and anti-glycation property were investigated, as well as the content of flavonoids. In addition, was also studied the mechanism of action of rutin in glucose and calcium uptake in soleus muscle, and also the in vivo insulin secretion and the mechanism of action of rutin on calcium uptake in rat isolated pancreatic islets. For in vivo experiments, Wistar male rats with 50-55 days of age were used. To glycemia and serum insulin determination blood samples were collected at zero, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min in glucose tolerance curve. Tissues were removed from animals 3 h after oral administration of treatments to determine glycogen contents. The intestinal disaccharidases activities and anti-glycation property were performed in vitro. The glucose and calcium uptake was studied after incubation of the soleus muscle with rutin, in the presence or not of different inhibitors and of 14C-glucose or calcium (45Ca2+). The pancreatic islets were isolated and incubated with 45Ca2+ and rutin in the presence or absence of various inhibitors or activators. The crude extracts and n-butanol and residual aqueous fractions of B. articulata and of M. x paradisiaca showed potential anti-hyperglycemic activity in hyperglycemic normal rats and potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion. Additionaly, it was observed an increase on glycogen content in muscle and liver after treatments, mainly with the n-butanol fractions of two species. The extracts and fractions reduced the activity of maltase and prevented glycation. Also, rutin stimulated glucose and calcium uptake in soleus muscle, stimulating glucose uptake via activation of an insulin-mimetic and an insulin-independent signaling pathways. Additionally, rutin stimulated insulin secretion in vivo and calcium uptake in isolated pancreatic islets, as a potential insulin secretagogue agent. Thus, these results suggest that Baccharis articulata, M. x paradisiaca and rutin are able to regulate glucose homeostasis. The mechanisms involve the inhibition of the enzyme that allows the intestinal absorption of glucose, the inhibition of glycation, the stimulation of insulin secretion and increase in glucose utilization by peripheral tissues showed that these plant species and rutin may act by multiple mechanisms of action to regulate glucose homeostasis, thereby contributing to the prevention of diabetes-related complications
Hasan B. Musa el-Bani’nin Şerhu’l-Hikem isimli eserinin tahkik ve tahlili
No full textDine kapsamlı bir bakış açısı olan tasavvuf, vahdet-i vücûd öğretisiyle varlıklara ve olaylara nasıl yaklaştığını ortaya koymuştur. Tahkîk ve tahlîlini ( edisyon kritik ) yaptığımız Hasan b. Mûsâ el-Bânî'nin Şerhu'l-Hikem isimli eseri bu alanda yazılmış önemli bir eserdir. Şerhi yapılan Hikem ismindeki eser vahdet-i vücûd anlayışının en önemli mümessillerinden Muhyiddin İbnu'l-Arabî'ye aittir. Bu eserde tasavvufun önemli meseleleri ile ilgili kısa ve özlü sözler bulunmaktadır. Hikemiyât türünden olan bu sözler şârih tarafından rivâyet ve dirâyet bakımından zengin bir şekilde şerhedilmiştir. Önemli birçok eseri olan Hasan b. Mûsâ'nın -bilinebildiği kadarıyla- inceleme konusu olan ilk eseri olması bakımından önemlidir. Ayrıca İbnu'l-Arabî'nin de Hikemine yazılmış ilk şerh olması da ehemmiyet arzetmektedir. Bu çalışmada eserin tahkiki ve tahlili yapılmış hikem ve hikemiyât, Hikemin müellifi İbnul'Arabî, anılan eseri, kitaba şerh yazan Hasan b. Mûsâ, eserleri ve Şerhu'l-Hikem isimli eseri hakkında bilgiler sunulmuştur. As a comprehensive approach towards the religion, has, with its teaching of Wahdet-i wucud, made it clear how it approaches beings and events. Hasan b. Musa el-Bânî's work, the Şarhu'l-Hikem on which we have conducted an overview and analysis, is one of the important works written in this field. The work called Hikam on which an assesment has been done, belongs to Muhyiddin İbnu'l-Arabi, one of the chief advocacy of the vahdet-i vücut approach. The work in question includes eloquent phrases regarding the important issues of mysticism. Belonging to Hikamiyât style, these phrases have been richly commented in terms of hearsay and competence by the commentator. The work in question is also important in the sense that -as far as known- it is the first, among Hasan b. Musa's many other important works, to be the issue of an analysis. Another point worth attention is that it is first şarh written to İbnu'l Arabi's Hikam. An overview and analysis of the book in question has been done in the current work, and information has been offered about hikem and hikemiyat, about Hikams author İbnu'l Arabi, about his mentioned book, and about Hasan b. Musa el-Bânî and his works, who wrote a comment to the book
Genome-wide association analyses using multilocus models on bananas (Musa spp.) reveal candidate genes related to morphology, fruit quality, and yield
No full textBananas (Musa spp.) are an essential fruit worldwide and rank as the fourth most significant food crop for addressing malnutrition due to their rich nutrients and starch content. The potential of their genetic diversity remains untapped due to limited molecular breeding tools. Our study examined a phenotypically diverse group of 124 accessions from the Colombian Musaceae Collection conserved in AGROSAVIA. We assessed 12 traits categorized into morphology, fruit quality, and yield, alongside sequence data. Our sequencing efforts provided valuable insights, with an average depth of about 7× per accession, resulting in 187,133 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) against Musa acuminata (A genome) and 220,451 against Musa balbisiana (B genome). Population structure analysis grouped samples into four and five clusters based on the reference genome. By using different association models, we identified marker¿trait associations (MTAs). The mixed linear model revealed four MTAs, while the Bayesian-information and linkage-disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway and fixed and random model for circulating probability unification models identified 82 and 70 MTAs, respectively. We identified 38 and 40 candidate genes in linkage proximity to significant MTAs for the A genome and B genome, respectively. Our findings provide insights into the genetic underpinnings of morphology, fruit quality, and yield. Once validated, the SNP markers and candidate genes can potentially drive advancements in genomic-guided breeding strategies to enhance banana crop improvement. © The Author(s) 2024
Wealth, household heterogeneity and livelihood diversification of Fulani pastoralists in the Kachia Grazing Reserve, northern Nigeria, during a period of social transition
No full textBACKGROUND: A mixed methods study was undertaken in the Kachia Grazing Reserve of northern Nigeria. Surveys in March, June and October 2011 included focus group discussions, key informant and in-depth household interviews, concerning livelihood practices, animal health, ownership, and productivity. In May 2011, 249 Fulani families fleeing post-election violence entered the reserve with their livestock, increasing the number of households by one third.RESULTS: Despite being settled within a grazing reserve, over half of households sent all their cattle away on seasonal transhumance and another third sent some away. Cattle accounted for 96% of total tropical livestock units (TLU), of which 26% were cattle kept permanently outside the reserve. While all households cited livestock as their main source of income, 90% grew crops and 55% derived income from off-farm activities. A multiple correspondence analysis showed that for each extra member of a household its TLU value increased by 2.0 [95% CI, 1.4-2.7], while for each additional marriage its TLU increased by 15.7 [95% CI, 7.1-24.3]. A strong association was also observed between small herds, small households with only one wife, alongside marked geographical wealth differences within the reserve. New immigrant families had larger household sizes (33) and livestock holdings (122 TLU) than old settlers (22 people and 67 TLU). Prior to the mass immigration, the distribution of TLU per person was unimodal: 41% of households were classified as 'poor' and 27% as 'medium', whereas post-immigration it was bi-modal, with 26% classified as 'very poor' and 28% as 'medium'.CONCLUSIONS: While cattle remain the principal source of Fulani income and wealth, the inhabitants of Kachia Grazing Reserve have diversified their livelihood strategies to respond to changing circumstances and stress, especially the limited availability of grazing within the reserve and political insecurity outside, resulting in continued transhumance, the maintenance of smaller livestock holdings and pushing households into poverty.</p
Third wave of open data: Identifying and overcoming the barriers towards open data of public undertakings
No full textThe creation of open data has seen a series of waves in which every growing resources of data are becoming accessible to a growing number of users from a diversifying number of public entities. The European Commission anticipates this movement by setting a new scope to the re-use of Public Sector Information Directive. Instead of exclusively focussing on Public Sector Information (PSI), the new scope of its successor, the Open Data Directive (ODD), includes data from public undertakings as well. In order for public undertakings to comply with this future legislation, research into the current openness of public undertakings and the barriers to open data is key. This research presents three different levels of openness of data: (1) data is only open for the own organisation, (2) data is open for the internal organisation and trusted parties can use the data, and (3) open data for all. In this case three Dutch public undertakings and several Croatian public undertakings were studied. The data of the public undertakings researched were at different levels of openness and none of the public undertakings are at this moment ready to comply with the future rules when the ODD requirements become mandatory. Barriers that are associated with achieving a higher level of open data are related to institutional, financial, legal, and quality and technical aspects. Overcoming these barriers requires, among other things, highly motivated staff to provide open data.Accepted Author ManuscriptUrban Data Scienc
Effect of 1-month war in Lebanon on sex ratio
No full textOur study showed no effect of 33-day war in Lebanon on sex ratio. More research is needed to explore other modifying factors for a better understanding of the complex effect of wars on sex ratio changes. © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine.Abu-Musa A, 2008, REPROD BIOMED ONLINE, V17, P21; Abu-Musa AA, 2007, FERTIL STERIL, V88, P1579, DOI 10.1016-j.fertnstert.2007.01.067; Ansari-Lari M, 2002, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V56, P622, DOI 10.1136-jech.56.8.622; Bisioli C, 2004, HUM REPROD, V19, P218, DOI 10.1093-humrep-deh027; *CAP OCHA, 2006, LEB CRIS FLASH APP; Catalano R., 2003, HUM REPROD, V9, P1972; Catalano RA, 2005, SOC SCI MED, V60, P537, DOI 10.1016-j.socscimed.2004.06.008; *CENTR ADM STAT PR, LEB REP; Fukuda M, 1996, HUM REPROD, V11, P1244; Fukuda M, 1998, HUM REPROD, V13, P2321, DOI 10.1093-humrep-13.8.2321; Graffelman J, 2000, HUM BIOL, V72, P433; Grech V, 2000, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V54, P244, DOI 10.1136-jech.54.4.244; Hansen D, 1999, BRIT MED J, V319, P548; Hilsenrath RE, 1997, FERTIL STERIL, V68, P510, DOI 10.1016-S0015-0282(97)00247-1; Jacobsen R, 2000, HUM REPROD, V15, P2369, DOI 10.1093-humrep-15.11.2369; James WH, 2004, HUM REPROD, V19, DOI 10.1093-humrep-deh261; James WH, 2004, HUM REPROD, V19, P1250, DOI 10.1093-humrep-deh245; James WH, 2003, HUM REPROD, V18, P1133, DOI 10.1093-humrep-deg220; Mathews T J, 2005, Natl Vital Stat Rep, V53, P1; Mocarelli P, 2000, LANCET, V355, P1858, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(00)02290-X; Moller H, 1996, LANCET, V348, P828, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(05)65253-1; Polasek O, 2005, HUM REPROD, V20, P2489, DOI 10.1093-humrep-dei097; Safarinejad MR, 2001, UROLOGY, V58, P90, DOI 10.1016-S0090-4295(01)01085-8; Shearer D, 2007, DISASTERS, V31, P336, DOI 10.1111-j.0361-3666.2007.01012.x; vandenBroek JM, 1997, LANCET, V349, P805, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(05)60234-6; Zorn B, 2002, HUM REPROD, V17, P3173, DOI 10.1093-humrep-17.12.317311
The Mechanisms of Persisting Disability in Schizophrenia: Imprecise Predictive Coding via Corticostriatothalamic-Cortical Loop Dysfunction
No full textPersisting symptoms and disability remain a problem for an appreciable proportion of people with schizophrenia despite treatment with antipsychotic medication. Improving outcomes requires an understanding of the nature and mechanisms of the pathological processes underlying persistence. Classical features of schizophrenia, which include disorganization and impoverishment of mental activity, are well-recognized early clinical features that predict poor long-term outcome. Substantial evidence indicates that these features reflect imprecise predictive coding. Predictive coding provides an overarching framework for understanding efficient functioning of the nervous system. Imprecise predictive coding also has the potential to precipitate acute psychosis characterized by reality distortion (delusions and hallucinations) at times of stress. On the other hand, substantial evidence indicates that persistent reality distortion itself gives rise to poor occupational and social function in the long term. Furthermore, abuse of psychotomimetic drugs, which exacerbate reality distortion, contributes to poor long-term outcome in schizophrenia. Neural circuits involved in modulating volitional acts are well understood to be implicated in addiction. Plastic changes in these circuits may account for the association between psychotomimetic drug abuse and poor outcomes in schizophrenia. We propose a mechanistic model according to which unbalanced inputs to the corpus striatum disturb the precision of subcortical modulation of cortical activity supporting volitional action. This model accounts for the evidence that early classical symptoms predict poor outcome, while in some circumstances, persistent reality distortion also predicts poor outcome. This model has implications for the development of novel treatments that address the risk of persisting symptoms and disabilities in schizophrenia
Modelling the Inundation and Morphology of the Seasonally Flooded Mayas Wetlands in the Dinder National Park-Sudan
No full textUnderstanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of surface water in varied, remote and inaccessible isolated floodplain lakes is difficult. Seasonal inundation patterns of these isolated lakes can be misestimated in a hydrodynamic model due to the short time of connectivity. The seasonal and annual variability of the Dinder River flow has great impact on what is so called Mayas wetlands, and hence, on the habitats and the ecological status of the Dinder National Park. This variability produces large morphological changes due to sediment transported within the river or from the upper catchment, which affects inflows to Mayas wetlands and floodplain inundation in general. In this paper, we investigated the morphological dimension using a quasi-3D modelling approach to support the management of the valuable Mayas wetlands ecosystems, and in particular, assessment of hydrological and morphological regime of the Dinder River as well as the Musa Maya. Six scenarios were developed and tested. The first three scenarios consider three different hydrologic conditions of average, wet and dry years under the existing system with the constructed connection canal. While the other three scenarios consider the same hydrologic conditions but under the natural system without an artificial connection canal. The modelling helps to understand the effect of human intervention (connection canal) on the Musa Maya. The comparison between the simulated scenarios concludes that the hydrodynamics and sedimentology of the Maya are driven by the two main factors: a) the hydrological variability of Dinder River; and b) deposited sediment plugs in the connection canal.Water Resource
Effect of the Lebanese civil war on sex ratio
No full textSex ratio is a subject of scientific interest but little is known about the factors that affect the sex ratio of humans. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the Lebanese civil war on sex ratio. Data on all live births delivered at a large university hospital for the years 1977-2005 were used in this study. Study periods were defined as wartime (1977-1992) and post-war (1993-2005). The sex ratio in the study time period was calculated as the male proportion, i.e. males-males + females in live-born infants. Sex ratio during the war was compared with that of the post-war period. The sex ratio was similar in the war and post-war period (0.515 versus 0.513; OR = 1.007; 95percent CI 0.98-1.04). The annual variation in the sex ratio during the study period did not show any significant change in any of the years. In conclusion, the Lebanese civil war did not cause a detectable change in sex ratio at birth. Factors that might have affected the sex ratio include the nature of the study population (civilians), the variable intensity of war in different periods, and the effect of stress and environmental toxins. © 2008 Published by Reproductive Healthcare Ltd.Abu-Musa AA, 2007, FERTIL STERIL, V88, P1579, DOI 10.1016-j.fertnstert.2007.01.067; Ansari-Lari M, 2002, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V56, P622, DOI 10.1136-jech.56.8.622; Bisioli C, 2004, HUM REPROD, V19, P218, DOI 10.1093-humrep-deh027; Catalano R., 2003, HUM REPROD, V9, P1972; Catalano RA, 2005, SOC SCI MED, V60, P537, DOI 10.1016-j.socscimed.2004.06.008; Erickson K, 2001, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V86, P2544, DOI 10.1210-jc.86.6.2544; Fisher RA, 1930, GENETICAL THEORY NAT; Fukuda M, 1996, HUM REPROD, V11, P1244; Graffelman J, 2000, HUM BIOL, V72, P433; Grech V, 2000, J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H, V54, P244, DOI 10.1136-jech.54.4.244; Hamdan F, 2002, LEBANON'S SECOND REPUBLIC: PROSPECTS FOR THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, P175; Hansen D, 1999, BRIT MED J, V319, P548; Hobel CJ, 1999, AM J OBSTET GYNECOL, V180, pS257, DOI 10.1016-S0002-9378(99)70712-X; Jabbra NW, 2004, J COMP FAM STUD, V35, P259; Jacobsen R, 2000, HUM REPROD, V15, P2369, DOI 10.1093-humrep-15.11.2369; James WH, 2004, HUM REPROD, V19, DOI 10.1093-humrep-deh261; James WH, 2004, HUM REPROD, V19, P1250, DOI 10.1093-humrep-deh245; James WH, 2003, HUM REPROD, V18, P1133, DOI 10.1093-humrep-deg220; JAMES WH, 1987, HUM BIOL, V59, P721; James WH, 1996, J THEOR BIOL, V180, P271, DOI 10.1006-jtbi.1996.0102; JOSEPH S, 1994, SOCIAL POLITICS, V1, P270; LYSTER WR, 1974, J OBSTET GYN BR COMM, V81, P626; MAYNARDSMITH J, 1980, BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL, V7, P247; Mocarelli P, 2000, LANCET, V355, P1858, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(00)02290-X; Moller H, 1996, LANCET, V348, P828, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(05)65253-1; Polasek O, 2005, HUM REPROD, V20, P2489, DOI 10.1093-humrep-dei097; Polasek O, 2006, EUR J EPIDEMIOL, V21, P61, DOI 10.1007-s10654-005-4845-7; ROSE RM, 1969, PSYCHOSOM MED, V31, P418; Saxena PC, 2004, J COMP FAM STUD, V35, P241; SEMPLE CG, 1986, BRIT MED J, V293, P1049; Sureau C, 1999, HUM REPROD, V14, P867, DOI 10.1093-humrep-14.4.867; Trivers R., 1985, SOCIAL EVOLUTION; vandenBroek JM, 1997, LANCET, V349, P805, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(05)60234-6; vanderPaldeBruin KM, 1997, LANCET, V349, P62, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(05)62204-0; Zorn B, 2004, HUM REPROD, V19, P219, DOI 10.1093-humrep-deh026; Zorn B, 2002, HUM REPROD, V17, P3173, DOI 10.1093-humrep-17.12.317323
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