1,720,972 research outputs found
How do the poor handle money? What do the financial diaries of char dwellers tell us about financial inclusion?
Full text linkDerived from livelihoods surveys and ethnographic material about people living on the chars, or river islands, in deltaic lower Bengal, this paper illustrates the complex, diverse and ingenious ways that the poor manage money. These islands constitute some of the most vulnerable housing locations of some of the poorest communities; state services and facilities do not reach the chars because they are not listed as land in revenue records. It demonstrates that the poor live in a diverse economy where community spirit, family assistance and trust play roles equally important to markets. In doing so, it puts forth a grounded-in-the-field, evidence-based, critique of the slogan ‘financial inclusion’ that has gained prominence in recent years
Beyond Metropolitan Shadow: Governing Small Towns in India
No full textConference Proceedings: At the frontiers of Urban Space http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00958799 [Collection : Actes Avignon -ISBN : 978 2 9105 4509 1]The 2011 census has observed a tremendous rearrangement of the traditional pattern of metro based urbanization in India. Unlike earlier decades, this new urban growth is occurring in areas outside metropolitan shadow. The existing small cities are growing at much faster rate than that of metropolises and big cities. The new urbanization is also taking place in the form of huge growth of census towns (towns without statutory status) in India, most of which are again emerging in areas far away from existing urban agglomeration of more than one hundred thousand population. Globalization led private capital is looking for places which are beyond the existing statutory urban areas to bypass the stringent policies on monitoring the growth, and development of industries, real estates and service sector activities. However, the infrastructural development and the provision of basic services under the government grant are still biased towards big cities especially in JNNURM, the nodal programme for urban India. The nature of municipal funding is skewed neglecting the development of small cities. The census towns are growing without access to urban status and proper urban governance mechanism. The consequent development is ungoverned urban areas with complete absence of basic services and amenities. However, even without much support from the governments, these small cities and census towns are in most cases growing by the indigenous capital generated from farm sectors of surrounding rural areas and being invested in commerce and business activities. Sometimes the capital is also being invested in these small towns from the outside areas especially in industries and real estates. The article draws upon secondary data covering three states (West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand) of eastern India analyzes how and to what extent this new urbanization is challenging the urban core i.e. the metropolis and its shadow. With the help of ethnographic method and intensive empirical research carried out in small towns of West Bengal province, the article also explores how urban policies, complex governance structures and the politics of access to urban status are playing major roles in transforming the new urban territories in India
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Beyond Metropolitan Shadow: Governing Small Towns in India
No full textConference Proceedings: At the frontiers of Urban Space http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00958799 [Collection : Actes Avignon -ISBN : 978 2 9105 4509 1]The 2011 census has observed a tremendous rearrangement of the traditional pattern of metro based urbanization in India. Unlike earlier decades, this new urban growth is occurring in areas outside metropolitan shadow. The existing small cities are growing at much faster rate than that of metropolises and big cities. The new urbanization is also taking place in the form of huge growth of census towns (towns without statutory status) in India, most of which are again emerging in areas far away from existing urban agglomeration of more than one hundred thousand population. Globalization led private capital is looking for places which are beyond the existing statutory urban areas to bypass the stringent policies on monitoring the growth, and development of industries, real estates and service sector activities. However, the infrastructural development and the provision of basic services under the government grant are still biased towards big cities especially in JNNURM, the nodal programme for urban India. The nature of municipal funding is skewed neglecting the development of small cities. The census towns are growing without access to urban status and proper urban governance mechanism. The consequent development is ungoverned urban areas with complete absence of basic services and amenities. However, even without much support from the governments, these small cities and census towns are in most cases growing by the indigenous capital generated from farm sectors of surrounding rural areas and being invested in commerce and business activities. Sometimes the capital is also being invested in these small towns from the outside areas especially in industries and real estates. The article draws upon secondary data covering three states (West Bengal, Bihar and Jharkhand) of eastern India analyzes how and to what extent this new urbanization is challenging the urban core i.e. the metropolis and its shadow. With the help of ethnographic method and intensive empirical research carried out in small towns of West Bengal province, the article also explores how urban policies, complex governance structures and the politics of access to urban status are playing major roles in transforming the new urban territories in India
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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