198,755 research outputs found
Sigara (Subsigara) samani subsp. samani samani Hoberlandt 1952
No full textSigara (Subsigara) samani samani Hoberlandt, 1952 Material examined. ASIAN TURKEY: Adana province: Çatalan env., Çatalan Barajı [dam] (N 37°16'07.8" E 35°17'34.2"), littoral, 143 m a.s.l., 8.v.2007, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, P. Kment lgt. & det. (NMPC); 10 km N Adana, Karaömerli env., littoral of Seyhan Barajı [dam] (N 37°07' E 35°20'), 80 m a.s.l., 21.–22.vi.2001, 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, M. Fikáček, J. Hájek & J. Straka lgt., P. Kment det. (NMPC); Misis [= Yakapınar], 20.–22.vi.1952, 1 ♂, 4.vii.1962, 5 ♀♀, G. Seidenstücker lgt. & det., P. Kment revid. (NMPC). Asian Turkey. Hoberlandt (1952a, types), Seidenstücker (1959, as S. samani), Linnavuori (1965, as S. samani), Jansson (1986a, in map as revised; 1995); Önder et al. (2006); this paper. Turkey (not distinguished). Nieser & Moubayed (1985, as S. samani), Kıyak & Özsaraç (2001). General distribution. Southern Anatolia, western Syria, Lebanon, Israel (Nieser & Moubayed 1985; Jansson 1986a, 1995) Identification. Jansson (1986a,b).Published as part of Fent, Meral, Kment, Petr, Çamur-Elipek, Belgin & Kirgiz, Timur, 2011, Annotated catalogue of Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha, and Leptopodomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Turkey, with new records 2856, pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 2856 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2856.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/528671
Nonlinear dynamic of a spiral bevel gear pair with time-varying mesh stiffness
No full textBevel gears are one of the most important components of mechanical system to transmit motion between intersecting axes. For high-speed power transmission, spiral bevel gears are more useful instead of straight bevel gears. One of the main sources of vibration and noise of bevel gears, are oscillations of transmission error. Vibration Analysis of a gear is affected by various parameters which some of them cause the nonlinear vibrations. In this study, nonlinear dynamic analyses of spiral bevel gears discussed with the effect of variant backlash and time-varying mesh stiffness. A numerical integration based on fourth order Runge-Kutta computes the dynamic behavior of the system. In order to validate the numerical outputs of the dynamic solver, its outputs compared with experimental data of literatures. From the result of simulation, the backward and forward motions educed. In backward motion, relative frequency from 2.029 to 1.082 perioddoubling are achievied. Moreover, in forward motion, the period-doubling bifurcation behavior repeated in range of relative frequency between 1.966 and 2.033
Solving inverse problems of unknown contaminant source in groundwater-river integrated systems using a surrogate transport model based optimization
No full textThe paper presents a new approach to identify the unknown characteristics (release history and location) of contaminant sources in groundwater, starting from a few concentration observations at monitoring points. An inverse method that combines the forward model and an optimization algorithm is presented. To speed up the computation, the transfer function theory is applied to create a surrogate transport forward model. The performance of the developed approach is evaluated on two case studies (literature and a new one) under different scenarios and measurement error conditions. The literature case study regards a heterogeneous confined aquifer, while the proposed case study was never investigated before, it involves an aquifer-river integrated flow and transport system. In this case, the groundwater contaminant originated from a damaged tank, migrates to a river through the aquifer. The approach, starting from few concentration observations monitored at a downstream river cross-section, accurately estimates the release history at a groundwater contaminant source, even in presence of noise on observations. Moreover, the results show that the methodology is very fast, and can solve the inverse problem in much less computation time in comparison with other existing approaches
Ololaelaps elongatus Babaeian & Ghobari & Samani 2019, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Ololaelaps elongatus</i> Babaeian sp. nov. <p>(Figures 12–25)</p> <p> <i>Material examined</i>. Holotype: female, Iran, Kurdestan Province, Marivan-Saghez, 35˚32’ N, 46˚18’ E, 1345 m, 14- May-2017, soil detritus, H. Ghobari coll.. Paratypes: three females, same data as holotype. The type materials are deposited in the Jalal Afshar Zoological Museum (JAZM), Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran (holotype and three paratypes).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> The new species may be distinguished from congeners by the combination of the following character states—Dorsal shield elongate (ratio length/width 1.76 (1.80–1.93), with 39 pairs of moderately long setae, except short setae <i>j1</i> and <i>z1</i>; with strip of soft cutucle exposed dorsolaterally. Sternal shield markedly elongate (ratio length/width 1.50 (1.55–1.57), fused laterally with endopodals III–IV; poroid <i>iv3</i> and seta <i>St4</i> inserted on unsclerotised soft cuticle. Genitiventrianal shield relatively elongate, anterior portion narrow, not contiguous to acetabula IV; shield reticulate and bearing four pairs of acicular pre-anal setae (<i>St5</i>, <i>Zv1</i>, <i>Jv1</i>, <i>Jv2</i>). Metapodal shield fused to genitiventrianal shield on the right side or both sides. Ventral soft integument with nine pairs of opisthogastric setae. Peritrematal shields fused with exopodal shields IV, and free from genitiventrianal shield.</p> <p> <b>Description. Female</b> (n=4). <i>Dorsal idiosoma</i> (Figure 16). Dorsal shield 470 (480–495) µm long and 267 (248– 272) µm wide, ratio length/width 1.76 (1.80–1.93), nearly parallel-sided from level of <i>r3</i> to <i>S3</i>, with distinct scalelike sculpture throughout, and 39 pairs of long and delicate setae, length progressively increasing in from anterior to posterior; 22 pairs (<i>j1–j6</i>, <i>z1–z6</i>, <i>s1–s6</i>, <i>r2–r5</i>) in podonotal area and 17 pairs (<i>J1–J5</i>, <i>Z1–Z5</i>, <i>Px2–Px3</i>, <i>S1–S5</i>) in opisthonotal area. Dorsal shield with 18 pairs of pore-like structures, of which 14 pairs appear nonsecretory (lyrifissures) and four pairs secretory (<i>gd1</i>, <i>gd6</i>, <i>gd8</i>, <i>gd9</i>).</p> <p> <i>Ventral idiosoma</i> (Figure 20, 27, 28). Tritosternum with columnar base 35 (25–32) µm and pilose laciniae 74 (69–77) µm, free presternal shields abutting anterior margin of sternal shield; sternal shield elongate, 161 (156–168) µm long and 106 (99–109) µm wide, ratio length/width 1.50 (1.55–1.57), reticulated throughout except in posterior quarter, bearing three pairs of subequal setae (<i>St1</i>: 32 (27–30) µm, <i>St2</i>: 32 (30) µm, <i>St3</i>: 30 (25–28) µm) and two pairs of lyrifissures (<i>iv1</i>, <i>iv2</i>); seta <i>St4</i> and lyrifissure <i>iv3</i> on soft cuticle (Figure 27). Genitiventrianal shield longer than wide, 260 (257–285) µm long, 191 (181–186) µm wide, ratio of length/width 1.36 (1.40–1.53), reticulate throughout, outlines of polygonal sculptural cells curved; cells larger in anterior half; shield with four pairs of preanal setae: <i>St5</i> 26 (24–28) µm, <i>Zv1</i> 40 (37–42) µm, <i>Jv1</i> 42 (32–37) µm and <i>Jv2</i> 40 (35–42) µm long (Figure 22, 28). Para-anal setae 25 (17–20) µm and post-anal seta 17 (12–15) µm long. Peritrematal shield fused anteriorly with dorsal shield, at level near setae <i>z1</i>, and posteriorly fused to granulate parapodal element.</p> <p> <i>Gnathosoma</i> (Figures 17–19, 21, 29). Epistome subtriangular, with moderately denticulate margin (Figure 17). Hypostomal (<i>h1</i>, <i>h2</i>, <i>h3</i>) and capitular setae simple and smooth; deutosternal groove narrow, with six rows of 2–6 denticles each and a smooth ridge anteriorly; internal malae contiguous and finely fringed, lateral projections half the length of median one and more densely fringed; labrum prominent, blade-like, projecting to palp-genu, with pilose surface. Corniculi horn-like, moderately long. Salivary styli cylindrical, rounded at the tip and slightly thicker basally (Figure 19). Chelicerae with movable digit bidentate 66 (64–69) µm long (from tip to base), fixed digit c. 74 (71–74) µm long, with four teeth, including, total length c. 198 (203–210) µm, with fringed hyaline arthrodial process at its base; pilus dentilis setiform (Figure 21, 29). Palpi 136–156 µm long, with normal setation; palptarsal claw three-tined, basal tine slightly shorter (Figure 18).</p> <p> <i>Legs</i> (Figures 23–26). Length legs I–IV: 527 (495–522) µm, 365 (347–359) µm, 286 (245–277) µm, 455 (398– 465) µm. Setation of legs I–IV as follows: coxae 2, 2, 2, 1; trochanters 6, 5, 5, 5; femora 13 (2 3/1 2/3 2), 11 (2 3/1 2/2 1), 6 (1 2/1 1/0 1), 6 (1 2/1 1/0 1); genua 13 (2 3/2 3/1 2), 11 (2 3/1 2/1 2), 9 (2 2/1 2/1 1), 9 (2 2/1 3/0 1); tibiae 13 (2 3/2 3/1 2), 10 (2 2/1 2/1 2), 8 (2 1/1 2/1 1), 10 (2 1/1 3/1 2). Setae <i>av</i> on femur and genu II, <i>pd</i> on femur IV and <i>pl</i> on genu IV thickened. Tarsi II–IV each with 18 setae (3 7/5 3).</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>. The species name “ <i>elongatus</i> ” refers to the elongate character of the species, especially its elongate dorsal and sternal shields.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Ololaelaps elongatus</i> Babaeian <b>sp. nov.</b> differs from the closely related species <i>O</i>. <i>mooiensis</i> Ryke, 1962, <i>O</i>. <i>tasmanicus</i> (Womersley, 1956), <i>O</i>. <i>bregetovae</i> Shereef & Soliman, 1980 and <i>O</i>. <i>paratasmanicus</i> (Ryke, 1962) by its very elongate sternal shield (reaching to a level near mid-coxa IV), fusion of posterolateral angles of sternal shield with endopodals III–IV, and also posterior end of peritrematal shield to exopodals IV.</p>Published as part of <i>Babaeian, Esmaeil, Ghobari, Hamed & Samani, Kyumars Mohammadi, 2019, Redescription of Ololaelaps tasmanicus (Womersley, 1956) and description of a new species of Ololaelaps Berlese (Acari: Laelapidae) from Iran, pp. 351-364 in Zootaxa 4629 (3)</i> on pages 357-361, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4629.3.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3271027">http://zenodo.org/record/3271027</a>
Nonlinear vibration of the bevel gear with teeth profile modification
No full textThe prediction of gear vibration and noise has always been a major concern in gear design. Noise and vibration are inevitable problems that are involved in transmission systems; they have intensified when some nonlinear phenomena such as jump phenomenon, tooth separation and period-doubling bifurcation appear in the system. Tip and/or root modifications are well-known solutions that improve dynamic performance of gears. The present work investigates the complex, nonlinear dynamic behavior of three bevel gear models: (1) model with pure involute profile, (2) model with statically optimized tooth profile, and (3) model with dynamically optimized tooth profile. Tooth profile modification is employed in models by means of genetic algorithm in order to extract the best amount and length of modifications. The dynamic responses obtained from dynamic analyzer were compared qualitatively and quantitatively. By augmenting tooth profile modification, the average value of the dynamic responses is decreased intensely for both statically and dynamically optimized gear pairs. Dynamic load factor is calculated and compared with the involute tooth profile model and the two optimized gear sets. Employing teeth optimization leads to elimination of period- (Formula presented.) in both optimized simulations
Ball Mill Gear Simulation and Reinforcement, Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex
No full textIn this paper, simulation and reinforcement of the ball mill gear in Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex were analyzed. The purposes were a prediction of crack growth, simulation of stress distribution, a model of deformation and suitable reinforcement. Finite element method was used in this analysis. First, according to a real model which is used in the production cycle, detailed information about the boundary conditions was collected. The gear model was simulated entirely by using computer software. The gear is modeled based on a damaged gear, and the damaged gear is off the production cycle. The carried out results of the analyses were compared with the real gear. Different models were applied to reinforce the gear and the model presented is the most appropriate one, in order to optimize the stress distribution and deformation of the gear. The selection factor for choosing the reinforcements are maximum stress, deformation and applicable. Stress and deformation of gear have been declined 39.5% and 21% respectively by applying the reinforcements. The paper results are used on one damaged gear
Spiral Bevel Gears Nonlinear Vibration Having Radial and Axial Misalignments Effects
No full textIn gear transmissions, vibration causes noise and malfunction. In actual applications, misalignments contribute to intensifying the destructive effect of vibrations. In this paper, the nonlinear dynamics of a spiral bevel gear pair, with small helix angle, considering different misalignments, are deeply investigated. Axial misalignment, radial misalignment, and the combination of these two types are considered in this study. The governing equation is numerically solved through an implicit Runge-Kutta scheme. Since the main goal of this study is the analysis of the dynamic scenario, the mesh stiffness of the gear pair is obtained from the literature. The dynamical system is nonlinear and time-varying; it is analyzed through time responses, phase portraits, Poincare maps, and bifurcation diagrams. Results show that, among the considered three cases with different types of misalignments, the spiral bevel gear with axial misalignment is the worst destructive case; aperiodic, subharmonic, and multiperiod responses are observable for this case. It is interesting that the chaotic responses for the case, having both types of misalignments, are less likely for the case with axial misalignment, only
Development of a New Extraction Method for Pomegranate and Metabolite Profiling by a LC-MS and 1H NMR Combined Approach
No full textThe pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) market has steadily grown due to the increasing demand of health-conscious consumers of products with health-promoting effects. Recently, a growing interest in developing ecological and environmentally friendly extraction methods has led to investigating extraction procedures to obtain a higher extraction yield using a lower amount of solvents and energy. Herein, a new extraction procedure was developed to obtain an enriched pomegranate food supplement by using the peels of pomegranate, cultivar “Dente di Cavallo” and its juice. The extraction was performed through a non-conventional extraction technique like SLDE-Naviglio using ethanol and pomegranate juice as a solvent, and peels as a matrix. The extract was analysed by a combined approach based on LCESI/QExactive/MS/MS and NMR analysis, and its chemical profile was compared with those of pomegranate juice and of the extract obtained from peels by SLDE-Naviglio by using ethanol:H2O. The LC-MS analysis highlighted the presence of hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, ellagic acid and phenol glucoside derivatives, while 1H NMR analysis completed the profile by detecting the primary metabolites. The LC-MS and 1H NMR analysis indicated that the extract obtained by SLDE-Naviglio using ethanol and pomegranate juice was enriched in the bioactives as confirmed by the highest phenolic, tannin and flavonoid content
Improving Pollination Process of Samani Date Palm Cultivar Using the Bio-Activator Milagro Stimcrop
No full textThis study was carried out during two successive seasons 2011 & 2012 for improving pollination process of Samani date palm cultivar grown in sandy soil of private orchard located at Abo-Rawash region, El-Giza Governorate, Egypt. Uniform date palms 20 years old were treated for three times i.e. (i) pollen grains, (ii) Millagro Stimcrop and (iii) Pollen grains with Milagro Stimcrop. The first was applied in dust form as soon as female inflorescence opened. The second and third were applied after month and two months from initial treatment using the same rates. Effect of the bio- activator Milagro Stimcrop on improving pollination process, yield and fruit quality was assessed.Results showed the different treatments markedly improved pollination process, yield and fruit quality of Samani date palm. The best results were achieved as 1g pollen grain was combined with 1g Milagro Stimcrop which recorded the highest significant values for fruit set and retained fruits. Also, the physical and chemical characteristics of fruits expressed by fruit shape, weight, volume, flesh value, bunch weight and yield/tree as well as SSC %, reducing sugars and total sugars were markedly enhanced. This means that the bio-activator Milagro Stimcrop has a good stimulant action for improving pollination process, yield and fruit quality of Samani date palm cultivar as combined with pollen grains in dust form at rate (1g+1g), besides its environmentally safe effect as non-chemical tool
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