16,635 research outputs found
Kualitas Glulam Samama dengan Kombinasi Kayu Mangium dan Mahoni (The Quality of Samama Glulam and Its Combination with Mangium and Mahogany Wood)
No full textPrevious study on several types of samama glulam had shown the MOE and MOR which is not meet JAS 2007. The recent study addressed the glulam construction from samama wood combined with two commercial woods to improve the quality of resulting glulam. Mangium (Acacia mangium) and mahogany (Swietenia mahogany) woods were laminated with samama wood using isocyanate adhesive at a spread rate of 200 g m-2 and then clamped with 30 cm gap between the clamp for 3 hours. Nine types of glulam were made with and without a combination of 1 cm lamina from the three types of wood species. The results showed the difference of density between samama glulam with the other types. Furthermore, the moisture content, hot water delamination, cold water delamination, MOE and MOR of the products have met the requirements of JAS 2007 for structural wood. Bonding strengths of most types of glulam have met the standard except for samama and mahogany glulam without the combination. The results of this study strengthened the potency of samama as glulam material for the structural application.Keywords: glulam, mahogany, mangium, samama, structural
PENGARUH JENIS TANAH BERMIKORIZA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SEMAI SAMAMA (Neolamarckia macrophylla (ROXB.) BOSSER) DI PERSEMAIAN
No full textSamama (Neolamarckia macrophylla (Roxb.) Bosser) is a type of local Indonesian commercial plant that proliferates, can grow in various types of soil, and spreads evenly naturally in Maluku, Papua, and Sulawesi which has good potential for development. Many soil microorganisms play a role in providing and absorbing nutrients by plants. To support the growth of samama in various types of soil, it is necessary to provide it with beneficial soil microbes, one of which is AMF. This research aims to determine the effect of mycorrhiza from three types of soil (entisol, inceptisol, and ultisol) from the rhizosphere of samama stands on the growth of samama seedlings in the nursery. The research was conducted in the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Ambon, in June-October 2022 using a non-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with treatment of mycorrhizal soil types from under samama stands, consisting of entisol, inceptisol and ultisol soil with three replications. The result showed a very significant effect on the observed parameters (percentage of root infection (A1= 67.78%), seedling height (A1=5.66 cm), increase in diameter (A1=0.155 cm), increase in number of leaves (A2=8 .44 strands) and root dry weight (A1=0.65 gr)). Specifically, to improve the quality of growth of Samama plant seedlings, it is recommended to use the mycorrhizal entisol soil type taken from Samama stands
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Samama Wood (Antocephalus macropylus Roxb.) Grown in Mollucas Island
No full textPeople are less interest to the fast growing species since the quality is inferior compared to commercial wood. A research has been done to identify the physical and mechanical properties of samama wood (Antocephalus macrophylus (Roxb.)) from Mollucas island. Eight years old samama wood with diameter of 30 - 45 cm and height of 8 – 11 meter were used as samples. The parameters measured were moisture content (MC), specific gravity (SG), tangential and radial shrinkages, bending strength (MOR and MOE), tension and compression strengths parallel to grain and hardness. The result showed that the MC of samama wood decreased from bottom to upper and from outer to inner parts, while SG decreased from bottom to upper and from inner to outer part. Tangential and radial shrinkages of samama wood were much affected by vertical position. The MOE and MOR of samama wood decreased from bottom to upper part, while tension and compression strengths parallel to grain direction decreased form inner to outer part. On the other hand, hardness of samama wood decreased from bottom to upper and from inner to outer parts. Based on PKK NI5-1961 classification, samama wood belonged to strength class of III and IV.Key words: mechanical properties, Mollucas Island, physical properties, samama woo
Pertumbuhan Tegakan Samama (Anthocephallus macrophylla) pada Tanah Regosol di Kampus Universitas Pattimura Ambon
No full textSamama (Anthocephallus macrophylla) is a type of forest tree native to Maluku which is found growing wild naturally on several islands such as Seram, Buru, Ambon, Haruku, Saparua and Nusalaut. This type of tree usually grows spread out at an altitude of 0 - 800 m above sea level, and ecologically this plant also prefers secondary forest areas that are quite open to sunlight. Samama is known as a fast-growing tree with an average growth rate of 3-5 cm / year in diameter and its wood is widely used by the community as a building material for houses such as roof construction, house walls, doors and windows as well as raw materials for making furniture such as cupboards, tables, chairs and others. This study aims to analyze the effect of regosol soil to the growth of samama stands at the Pattimura University campus in Ambon. This study uses a multiple regression method. The results of this study indicated that regosol soil is very suitable for cultivating samama plants because it produces good average growth in diameter, height and number of branches. Environmental factors such as soil fertility, soil moisture, soil acidity, temperature, air humidity and light intensity have a very significant influence on the growth of samama plants
Some Chemical Properties and Natural Durability of Samama Wood (Antocephalus macrophylus Roxb.) against Subterranean Termite
No full textSamama wood (Antocephalus macrophylus Roxb.) is an endemic wood of Sulawesi and Moluccas. This wood belongs to the 3rd class of wood strength. However, its natural durability against termite attack is still unknown. Therefore, the research about its extractives, ash content, heating value, and natural durability is paramount to appropriate usage of the wood. The samples were prepared from samama wood with diameter and height of 30-45 cm and 8.2-11.4 m, respectively. The results indicated that the extractive solubility in hot water, cold water and ethanol benzene were 7.83, 3.86, and 4.47%, respectively. The ash content was 1.31%, meanwhile the heating value was 4059 cal g-1. Based on its weight loss value, according to SNI 01-7207-2006 standard, the natural durability of samama wood against subterranean termite (Coptotermes curvignathus) is classified as in the 2nd class.Key words : Antocephalus macrophylus, extractives, heating value, natural durability, subterranean termit
Kualitas Kayu Lapis dari Finir Bagian Juvenil dan Dewasa Samama (The Quality of Plywood Made from Juvenile and Mature Wood Veneer of Samama
No full textThis study designed 7 types of plywood that were arranged by juvenile and mature part of samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) wood, The adhesive used was urea formaldehyde with addition of hardener (NH4Cl) in ratio of 100:1 (weight/weight). The adhesive was applied on both surfaces of core veneer, which were loose and tight surfaces, with glue spread was 150 g m-2. The veneers were arranged in accordance with the research design and the resulted structures were then hot pressed at 110 C for 30 seconds per mm of the plywood’s thickness. The pressure was 10 kg cm-2. The results showed that bonding strength of plywood made from juvenile samama veneer was lower than that of the mature one, although the value was still met SNI standard for type I interior plywood. Furthermore, plywood’s moisture content was also met the requirement of the standard. Plywood density was increased by 11-12% from that of the wood. These findings suggest the suitability of both juvenile and mature wood of samama for the material of good quality plywood. Further studies on determination of other veneer-based products, such as laminated veneer lumber (LVL), were then recommended.Keywords: juvenile, mature, plywood, samama, urea formaldehyd
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Samama Wood Glulam
No full textIn the present research, four types of samama wood (Anthocephallus macrophyllus) glulam of (3 x 6 x 120) cm3 (thickness, width, length) in size were prepared. Two types of glulam were assembled with the same thickness of lamina and two other types were assembled with lamina of different thickness. The result showed that the average moisture content and densities of the glulam were of 12.48% and 0.41, respectively. The MOE, MOR, and shear strength of the glulam were in the average of 6.08 GPa, 33.06 MPa, 30.08 kg cm-2, respectively. The highest MOE and MOR were obtained by the D type glulam. All types of the produced glulam contributed to the increase of MOE and MOR by 31 and 23% of those of its solid wood, respectively.Keywords: glulam, mechanical properties, physical properties, samama woo
Estudio del potencial turístico del cerro samama del cantón babahoyo provincia de los ríos
No full textThe hill samama that possesses with a tourist potential I decided to do a study because through this place they can visit the tourists and improve the economy, seeing that it has a lot of activity that tourists can do, such as extreme sports, flora and fauna, and we hear of certain stories that have told people that have happened, this forest has an area of 2145.56 hectares.
The owner was Maria Clementina Samama hill then he leased it to the Germans called Adolfo Shoul Nittler, this was in World War II then handed to the Swedish company, Noboa.
The hill samama is an attractive place because it has flora and fauna and the majority is a natural site which has not been worked in agriculture, has medicinal plants such as cat's claw, Guayusa, spearhead, Monkey, Zaragoza, flower of the cross.
Among the trees that it is are; Guayacan, mahogany, tillo guasango, canelo, algarrobo, yellow, teak, coquito, chonta, rubber, guigua, laurel white, laurel prieto, mata palo, pechiche, oak, mispero, quince, tabien is cana guadua, pacuenque which is a bejuco drinkable water coming out when it is cut, root bat kills tanbien water when you boot cut, liana mountain.El cerro samama que posee con un potencial turístico he decidido hacer un estudio ya que por medio de este lugar puedan visitar los turistas y mejoraria la economía, viendo que tiene mucha actividad que pueden realizar los turista, como pueden ser los deportes extremos, recorridos observación de flora y fauna, y podemos escuchar de las historias ciertas que han narrado las personas que le han sucedido, este bosque posee una extensión de 2145.56 hectareas.
El dueño del cerro samama era María Clementina en ese entonces le arrendo a los alemanes llamado Adolfo Shoul Nittler, esto fue en la segunda guerra mundial luego entrego al señor Noboa.
El cerro samama es un lugar atractivo ya que cuenta con flora y fauna y la mayoría es un sitio natural la cual no ha sido trabajado en la agricultura, cuenta con plantas medicinales como son;uña de gato, Guayusa, punta de lanza, rabo de mono, Zaragoza, flor de la cruz.
Entre los arboles que se encuentra son; guayacán, caoba, tillo guasango, canelo, algarrobo, amarillo, teca, coquito, chonta, caucho, guigua, laurel blanco, laurel prieto, mata palo, pechiche, roble, mispero, membrillo, tabien se encuentra caña guadua, pacuenque que es un bejuco que sale agua bebible cuando se lo corta, la raíz del mata palo tanbien bota agua cuando le cortan, bejuco de montaña.
Los animales que existen el cerro son; venado colorado, venado barriga blanca, tigre, burricón, tigrillo, gato de monte, cabeza de mate, cuchucho, mono, zapo de montaña que mide 40 cm su peso aproximodo es de 40 libras, guanta, guatusa, guatín, pacharaco, pava, corralero, perdis montañera, paulillo, comadreja, zorro, pericolijero, sajinos normal y bravo, culebra, puerco espin, gallina de monte
Peningkatan Kerapatan Kayu Samama Melalui Pre-kompresi Asam Sitrat (Density Improvement of Samama Wood by Pre-compression of Citric Acid)
No full textSamama wood (Anthocephalus macrophyllus (Roxb.) Havil.) is a potential fast-growing species of Sulawesi and Maluku. This study aimed to increase the density of the wood through citric acid pre-compression. The temperature/time pressing formula and the optimal concentration of citric acid for fixation were also determined. Water saturated samples of (5x5x4) cm3 (L = longitudinal x T = tangential x R = radial) were pre-compressed at 100 °C for one hour to reach drying set. Subsquently, the samples were soaked for 4 hours in a citric acid solution of 5% and 10% concentration, drained and wrapped in aluminum foil before re-pressed at 180 °C for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes. Fixation was measured by soaking the samples into water for 24 hours at room temperature. The results showed that the moisture contents at fiber saturation point ranged from 33.15-33.94%, with density of 0.46 g cm-3 and oven dry density of 0.37 g cm-3. The L, T, and R shrinkages were 0.18-0.20%, 4.13-4.14%, and 2.53-3.10%, respectively; while the T/R ratio was 1.33-1.63%. Pre-compression can only be done at a compression target of 25% with compression level of 19.57-20.01%. Pre-compression increased the oven dry density of 17.11-20.13% to 0.44-0.45 g cm-3. After thickness recovery, the weight of the oven dried samples increased by 1.79-2.72% at the 5% citric acid concentration and by 12.04-15.25% at the 10% citric acid concentration. Permanent fixation achieved at 180 °C for 50 minutes pressing time with 10% citric acid concentration
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