16 research outputs found
Siaka, an African Musician, 80 minutes, DVD. An African Brass Band, 72 minutes, DVD. Author and Producer-Director: Hugo Zemp
No full textSelenium Films has released Hugo Zemp’s1 two most recent films about African music, Siaka, an African Musician and An African Brass Band in DVD format. Both were shot in July and August 2002, a few weeks before the outbreak of the civil war in the Cote d’Ivoire and show the country in peaceful times. Siaka (pronounced Shaka) Diabate is a musician from Bouake, the second largest city in the Cote d’Ivoire. With a mixed ancestry, he is not a pure Mande griot but considers himself to be one. He certainly has the musical talent to be recognized as an accomplished musician. This film documents Siaka performing with the “Soungalo Group” led by Soungalo Coulibaly while practicing his various instruments and includes interviews with Siaka and Soungalo regarding Siaka’s musical history
Analyse des déterminants d’instrumentation du pilotage de la masse salariale en contexte PME Maliennes
No full textCette étude porte sur l’analyse du lien entre l’instrumentation du pilotage de la masse salariale et les facteurs de contingence. Elle part du postulat selon lequel la construction d’un système de contrôle exige en général une approche sur-mesure (Giraud et al, 2005). Nous avons recours à l'approche méthodologique mixe, combinant l’étude qualitative et quantitative. La démarche adoptée est hypothéticodéductive. La posture épistémologique adoptée est positiviste. La taille de l’échantillon se compose de 15 dirigeants pour l’étude qualitative et 75 PME pour l’étude quantitative. Partant des tests du Khi-deux et d’Anova, la recherche démontre que le pilotage de la masse salariale dans les PME maliennes est effectivement instrumenté. Nonobstant, on remarque la présence d’un mode de régulation informel alternatif associé au système de pilotage de certaines d’entre elles. Le système de pilotage de la masse salariale dans ces unités, intègre des outils tels (bilan social ; tableau de bord RH ; budget des charges du personnel, système de GPEC) dont le choix dépend à la fois des facteurs de contingence structurelle (chiffre d’affaires) et comportementale (niveau d’étude, et formation de base du dirigeant). Dans l’ensemble, les facteurs de contingence comportementale montrent plus d’effet statistiquement significatif sur le choix des outils de pilotage, comparés aux facteurs de contingence structurelle
Entités Territoriales Communales Décentralisées et Gouvernance des Ressources Foncières : L’exemple de l’or dans le Ganadougou/Région de Sikasso au Mali
No full textLe Mali est un pays très riche en or. Les orientations économiques des politiques de développement ont contribué à mettre les ressources aurifères au cœur d’une ferveur considérable. Il en résulte des enjeux socio-économiques et politiques à l’œuvre dans la transformation des territoires au plan national et local. Du coup, la question de l’exploitation de l’or, quelle que soit sa forme, présente un intérêt scientifique évident pour les géographes et les économistes. La présente recherche vise certains objectifs. Il s’agit de connaitre l’importance et la nature des pratiques d’exploitation de l’or ; de connaitre les modalités de la gouvernance des ressources foncières aurifères ; de faire une analyse de la traduction spatiale du développement lié à la gouvernance en place. Leur atteinte a nécessité l’observation d’une démarche méthodologique. Celle-ci a été fondée sur l’exploitation de la documentation et les enquêtes de terrain. Fondamentalement les résultats ont permis de comprendre qu’à partir de l’orpaillage traditionnel dont ils assurent la gouvernance, les populations du Ganadougou ont remodelé leur espace en deux types distincts de territoires. Le premier est socialement et économiquement développé. Il s’oppose au deuxième très arriéré sur les mêmes plans.
Mali is a country very rich in gold. The economic policy orientations have contributed to putting the gold resources in the middle of a considerable zeal. This leads to the active socio-economic stakes in the transformation of territories at both national and local level. Consequently, the gold operation issue, whatever its form is, presents an obvious scientific interest for the geographers as well as for the economists. This paper focuses on achieving the following goals: to know the importance and the nature of gold operation practices, to know the governance methods of gold property resources, and to analyze the space manifestation of development due to the setting up governance. A methodological approach was made to reach the goals of this research. It was based on documentation process and field surveys. Basically, the results have made it possible to understand that from traditional mining of which the peoples of Ganadougou ensure the governance, they reshaped their space in two separate types of territories. The first is socially and economically developed, which is opposed to the second that is more backward on the same plans
Strategies D’adaptation Des Agropasteurs Aux Changementsclimatiques Dans La Commune Rurale De Diema (Mali)
No full textLa désertification et la dégradation des ressources naturelles induites par les changements climatiques pourraient exacerber l’insécurité alimentaire au Mali, en particulier dans les zones fragiles qui sont en déficit pluviométrique. C’est dans le but de contribuer à la résilience des agropasteurs face aux effets néfastes des changements climatiques que cette étude a été réalisée. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des enquêtes ménages ont été conduites au niveau de huit (8) villages de la commune rurale de Diéma par l’intermédiaire des fiches d’enquêtes individuelles auprès de 188 agropasteurs, des focus group dans chaque village et des entretiens avec les personnes ressources opérant dans la zone d’étude. Les données d’enquêtes ont été traitées à l’aide du logiciel SPSS (Statistical Package on Social Science) et du tableur Excel. Les résultats ont montré que les risques climatiques majeurs identifiés sont : la sécheresse, l’inondation, le déficit pluviométrique, les vents violents, la hausse des températures et la vague de chaleur avec respectivement les indice d’impact de 39, 35, 34, 24, 22, 21. Différentes stratégies ont été développées aussi bien par le passé que de nos jours pour faire face à ces risques climatiques. Ces stratégies comprennent le déstockage stratégique et la mobilité selon 40,4 % des enquêtés ; la conservation des fourrages selon 21.3 % des enquêtés et l’organisation de la pâture nocturne et la diversification des activités (le maraîchage, le petit commerce) selon 36,7 % des enquêtés. Mais elles demeurent moins efficaces. Pour aider les agropasteurs à se prémunir davantage des effets néfastes des changements climatiques, des options d’adaptation sont envisageables notamment la sécurisation de la mobilité pastorale, l’adoption des races résistantes à la sécheresse et la promotion des cultures fourragères.
Desertification and the degradation of natural resources induced by climate change could exacerbate food insecurity in Mali, particularly in fragile areas which are in deficit in rainfall. It is with the aim of contributing to the resilience of agro-pastoralists in the face of the adverse effects of climate change that this study was carried out. To achieve this objective, household surveys were conducted in eight (8) villages of the rural municipality of Diéma through individual survey sheets with 188 agro-pastoralists, focus groups in each village and interviews with resource persons operating in the study area. Survey data were processed using Statistical Package on Social Science (SPSS) software and an Excel spreadsheet. The results showed that the major climatic risks identified are: drought, flooding, rainfall deficit, strong winds, temperature rise and heat wave with respectively impact indexes of 39, 35, 34, 24, 22, 21. Different strategies have been developed both in the past and nowadays to deal with these climatic risks. These strategies include strategic destocking and mobility according to 40.4% of respondents; conservation of fodder according to 21.3% of respondents and organization of night grazing and diversification of activities (market gardening, petty trading) according to 36.7% of respondents. But they remain less effective. To help agro-pastoralists to protect themselves more from the harmful effects of climate change, adaptation options can be envisaged, in particular securing pastoral mobility, the adoption of drought-resistant breeds and the promotion of fodder crops
Взаимоотношения неприсоединившихся стран Африки и «второго мира» (1960-1980-е гг.) на примере Сьерра-Леоне
No full textThe research covers Sierra Leone’s relations with the Second World through the prism of Sierra Leone’s foreign policy. Two periods of Sierra Leone’s foreign policy are considered: during the Westminster bipartisan model from 1961 to 1970, and when the authoritarian regime led by President Siaka Stevens was established from 1971 to 1985. The central issue of the research is analysis of Sierra Leone’s cooperation with the Soviet Union. The aim of the research is to identify the factors that guided the non-aligned countries within the bipolar confrontation of the second half of the 20th century in building their relations with the socialist bloc. The relevance of the topic is related to the fact that the logic and principles of building relations of small non-aligned countries with both limited power resources and little political and economic ambitions with key world powers are less reflected in studies. The research is based upon comparative and historical-genetic methods as well as case studies. The author makes use of materials from the Sierra Leone Public Archives. The author concludes that Sierra Leone’s relations with the Second World were based on economic pragmatism rather than ideological or political proximity. For Sierra Leone, relations with socialist countries served as a tool for diversifying its foreign policy. This set Sierra Leone apart from its neighboring West African states, which either maintained an orientation towards first-world countries, namely France and the US, or reoriented themselves towards the Soviet Union.Раскрывается проблематика отношений африканских стран с государствами «второго мира» через призму внешнеполитической деятельности Сьерра-Леоне. Рассматриваются два периода внешней политики Сьерра-Леоне - в годы существования Вестминстерской двухпартийной модели в 1961-1970 гг. и в 1971-1985 гг., когда в стране установился авторитарный режим во главе с президентом Сиакой Стивенсом. Центральное место занимает анализ сотрудничества Сьерра-Леоне и Советского Союза. Цель - определить, чем руководствовались страны, избравшие путь неприсоединения в рамках биполярного противостояния второй половины XX в., выстраивании своих отношений с социалистическим блоком. Актуальность темы связана с тем, что логика и принципы выстраивания отношения с ключевыми мировыми державами малых неприсоединившихся стран, обладающих как небольшими силовыми ресурсными возможностями, так и ограниченными политическими и экономическими амбициями, в меньшей степени отражены в научных работах. Исследование опирается на компаративистский и историко-генетический методы, а также на метод кейс-стади. Также используются материалы Государственного архива Сьерра-Леоне. Автор приходит к выводу, что отношения Сьерра-Леоне и стран «второго мира» основывались скорее на экономическом прагматизме, нежели чем на основе идеологической или политической близости. Для Сьерра-Леоне отношения с социалистическими странами выступали инструментом диверсификации внешнеполитической деятельности. Это выделяло Сьерра-Леоне на фоне соседних государств Западной Африки, которые либо сохраняли ориентацию на страны «первого мира», а именно Францию и США, либо же переориентировались на Советский Союз
Temporal dynamic of malaria in a suburban area along the Niger River
No full textInternational audienc
West Africa Magazine No. 2724 Saturday August 23rd, 1969
No full textIssue 2724 of West Africa Magazine(August 23, 1969) covers Ghana's election, Congo's coup, and regional updates. Published in London/distributed in Apapa, it reports on Ghana's party policies, Mobutu's Congo coup, and Africa's economic ties.
Key stories: “Africa's golden eggs” notes Sierra Leone mining concerns; “Two policies” contrasts Ghana's parties; “Mobutu goes alone” reports Congo coup. Elsewhere: Ghana politics (A month), Senegalese business (Books), UK aid trends (Commercial), and Nigeria's diplomatic moves (Dateline Africa). A mix – politics, economics, and diplomacy.■ Africa's golden eggs: Prices of shares in Consolidated African Selection Trust, parent com pany of Sierra Leone Selection Trust, dropped heavily in London this week, following a speech by Mr. Siaka Stevens.
■ Two policies for Ghana: No heady promises are made in the election manifestos of the two main parties contesting Ghana’s general elec tion. Nor does either Dr. Busia’s Pro gress Party or Mr. Gbedemah’s National Alliance of Liberals waste much time or slogans concerning international or space or African affairs.
■ Mobutu goes it alone: Last month Lt.-General Joseph Desire Mobutu made his second bloodless coup in the Congo. The first time he seized power, on November 24. 1965. he entered a vacuum created by the dismissal of the late Moise Tshombe as Prime Minister by the late President Kasavubu.
■ A month in the country-2: Vengeance is Mine? Dennis Austin, author of “Politics in Ghana 1946-60” and now a Professor of Government at Manchester University, continues his account of Ghana politics, derived from his recent visit after a ten years’ absence
■ Books and publications: Senegalese in business: Le Monde des affairs Senegalais by Samir Amin
■ Commercial news: UK aid: Africa's share increases: Africa is gradually becoming the recipient of the largest share of British bilateral assistance. While Asia still heads the list, its share has dropped from £85m. in 1966 to £83m. in 1967 to £75m. last year
■ Nigeria: Zik in Lagos: Gowon in Liberia: Former President Nnamdi Azikiwe met Gen. Gowon in Lagos on August 17. on his way to Monrovia, where he con tinued his journey later the same day. Next day Gen. Gowon went to Monrovia, where he was accompanied by his wife and by Dr. Arikpo (External Affairs Commissioner) and Rear-Admiral Wey (head of the Navy) for talks with President Tubma
The transmission blocking activity of artemisinin-combination, non-artemisinin, and 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial therapies: A pooled analysis of individual participant data.
No full textBACKGROUND: Interrupting human-to-mosquito transmission is important for malaria elimination strategies as it can reduce infection burden in communities and slow the spread of drug resistance. Antimalarial medications differ in their efficacy in clearing the transmission stages of Plasmodium falciparum (gametocytes) and in preventing mosquito infection. Here, we present a retrospective combined analysis of six trials conducted at the same study site with highly consistent methodologies that allows for a direct comparison of the gametocytocidal and transmission-blocking activities of 15 different antimalarial regimens or dosing schedules. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Between January 2013 and January 2023, we conducted six clinical trials evaluating antimalarial treatments with transmission endpoints at the Clinical Research Centre of the Malaria Research and Training Centre of the University of Bamako in Mali. These trials tested Artemisinin-Combination Therapies (ACTs), non-ACT regimens and combinations with 8-aminoquinolines. Participants were males and non-pregnant females, between 5 and 50 years of age, who presented with P. falciparum mono-infection and gametocyte carriage by microscopy. We collected blood samples before and after treatment for thick film microscopy, infectivity assessments by mosquito feeding assays and molecular quantification of gametocytes. To combine direct and indirect effects of treatment groups across studies, we performed a network meta-analysis. This analysis quantified changes in mosquito infection rates and gametocyte densities within treatment groups over time and between treatments. In a pooled analysis of 422 participants, we observed substantial differences between antimalarials in gametocytocidal and transmission-blocking activities. Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) was significantly more potent at reducing mosquito infection rates within 48 h than dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (p = 0.0164) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine (p = 0.0451), while this difference was near-significant for artesunate-amodiaquine (p = 0.0789) and pyronaridine-artesunate (p = 0.0519). The addition of single low-dose primaquine (SLD PQ) accelerated gametocyte clearance for any ACT and led to a substantially greater reduction in mosquito infection rate within 48 h of treatment for all ACTs except AL, while an SLD of the 8-aminoaquinoline tafenoquine showed a delayed activity, compared to SLD PQ, but was similarly effective. The main limitations of the study include the inclusion of highly infectious individuals, which may not reflect the broader malaria patient population with lower or undetectable gametocyte densities and the small sample sizes in some treatment groups, which resulted in wide confidence intervals and reduced the certainty of effect estimates. CONCLUSIONS: We found marked differences among ACTs and single low-dose 8-aminoquinoline drugs in their ability and speed to block transmission. The findings from this analysis can support treatment policy decisions for malaria elimination and be integrated into mathematical models to improve the accuracy of predictions regarding community transmission and the spread of drug resistance under varying treatment guidelines
A cross-sectional study of the filarial and Leishmania co-endemicity in two ecologically distinct settings in Mali
No full textAbstract Background Filariasis and leishmaniasis are two neglected tropical diseases in Mali. Due to distribution and associated clinical features, both diseases are of concern to public health. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of co-infection with filarial (Wuchereria bancrofti and Mansonella perstans) and Leishmania major parasites in two ecologically distinct areas of Mali, the Kolokani district (villages of Tieneguebougou and Bougoudiana) in North Sudan Savanna area, and the district of Kolondieba (village of Boundioba) in the South Sudan Savanna area. Methods The prevalence of co-infection (filarial and Leishmania) was measured based on (i) Mansonella perstans microfilaremia count and/or filariasis immunochromatographic test (ICT) for Wuchereria bancrofti-specific circulating antigen, and (ii) the prevalence of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to Leishmania measured by leishmanin skin test (LST). Results In this study, a total of 930 volunteers between the age of 18 and 65 were included from the two endemic areas of Kolokani and Kolondieba. In general, in both areas, filarial infection was more prevalent than Leishmania infection with an overall prevalence of 15.27% (142/930) including 8.7% (81/930) for Mansonella perstans and 8% (74/930) for Wuchereria bancrofti-specific circulating antigen. The prevalence of Leishmania major infection was 7.7% (72/930) and was significantly higher in Tieneguebougou and Bougoudiana (15.05%; 64/425) than in Boundioba (2.04%; 8/505) (χ2 = 58.66, P < 0.0001). Among the filarial infected population, nearly 10% (14/142) were also positive for Leishmania with an overall prevalence of co-infection of 1.50% (14/930) varying from 2.82% (12/425) in Tieneguebougou and Bougoudiana to 0.39% (2/505) in Boundioba (P = 0.0048). Conclusion This study established the existence of co-endemicity of filarial and Leishmania infections in specific regions of Mali. Since both filarial and Leishmania infections are vector-borne with mosquitoes and sand flies as respective vectors, an integrated vector control approach should be considered in co-endemic areas. The effect of potential interaction between filarial and Leishmania parasites on the disease outcomes may be further studied
A cross-sectional study of the filarial and Leishmania co-endemicity in two ecologically distinct settings in Mali
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