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Ganganalytische Studie zur Entlastungs-Coxa-valga (antetorta) orthetisch und prothetisch versorgter Kinder
Get PDFZiel: In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte in einem ersten Schritt überprüft werden, wie sich bei Kindern, die aufgrund einer nicht behebbaren, einseitigen Beindeformität distal des Kniegelenkes dauerhaft orthetisch oder prothetisch versorgt werden müssen, die primär gesunde Hüfte des betroffenen Beines sekundär verformt. In einem zweiten Schritt sollte mittels Ganganalyse evaluiert werden, welcher Pathomechanismus der diagnostizierten Formstörung zu Grunde liegt.
Methodik: Das Patientengut bestand aus zwölf primär hüftgesunden, jedoch einseitig distal des Knies erkrankten, orthesenpflichtigen Kindern und Jugendlichen, deren klinische und radiologische Krankheitsverläufe retrospektiv ausgewertet wurden. Bei zehn der betroffenen Kinder konnte eine verwertbare instrumentelle kinetische und kinematische Ganganalyse mittels des Zebris-Systems durchgeführt werden.
Ergebnisse: 1. Grunderkrankungen: Crus varum congenitum oder Tibiapseudarthrosen 5, Fehlbildungsklumpfuß 1, kongenitaler tibialer Längsdefekt 2, kongenitaler fibulärer Längsdefekt 3, Unterschenkeldeformität nach Ewingsarkom 1.
2. Klinische Ergebnisse: Im intraindividuellen Seitvergleich ist die Seite des von der Deformität betroffenen Beines wie folgt verändert: Die Hüftinnenrotation ist durchschnittlich 12,5º signifikant vermehrt (p <0,05), die Hüftaußenrotation um 20-22,5º verkleinert.
3. Radiologische Ergebnisse: Koxales Femurende: Der projizierte CCD-Winkel ist altersabhängig und im Durchschnitt 14,71º signifikant steiler. Die Distanz zwischen Kopfkalotte und Trochanter minor (LTA) ist 1,58 cm signifikant vergrößert. Der Kopfepiphysen-Femurschaft-Winkel (KF) als Beweis der horizontalen Stellung der Kopfepiphysenfuge ist durchschnittlich um 13,52º vergrößert (p <0,05). Hüftpfanne: Der Sharp-Ullmann-Winkel ist 5,01º signifikant vergrößert und der Acetabulumwinkel (AC) ist 3,52º vergrößert (p <0,05).
3. Ganganalytische Ergebnisse: Kinetik: Die Schrittlänge ist um durchschnittlich 7 cm signifikant verlängert (p 0.05). Die Hüftabduktion der entlasteten Hüfte als Hinweis eines konstanten Duchenne-Hinkens ist durchschnittlich um 16,81º vermehrt.
Schlussfolgerung: Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass die einseitig orthetisch/prothetisch versorgten Kinder eine Formstörung der Hüfte aufwiesen, die in der älteren Literatur als Entlastungs-Coxa-valga bzw. Entlastungsdysplasie bezeichnet wird. Erstmals konnten die pathogenetischen Faktoren identifiziert werden, die diese Formstörung hervorrufen. Die Patienten weisen ein Duchenne-Hinken auf und belasten das betroffene Bein weniger stark und mit kürzerer Zeitspanne.
Die Untersuchung bestätigt in eindrucksvoller Weise die allgemeinen Wachstumsgesetze des muskulo-skelettalen Organs, die unter dem Merksatz „form follows function“ zusammengefasst werden können. Als praktische Konsequenz für den Klinikalltag ergibt sich die Forderung, die Hüfte orthesenpflichtiger Kinder in größeren Abständen klinisch und bildgebend zu screenen und die Orthesen- bzw. Prothesenaufbau so zu gestalten, dass ein Duchenne-Hinken vermieden wird.Title: Gait analysis study of Unloading-Coxa-Valga (antetorta) in orthoses/prostheses-dependent children
Background: During loading cycles, the joints’ geometry is continually modelled. Orthotics/prosthetics-dependent children develop ipsilateral in-toeing gait and Duchenne’s limping due to unilateral severe lower leg or foot deformities. These clinical phenomena are accompanied with an ipsilateral coxa-valga antetorta and hip dysplasia. A practical question is whether these hips are in danger to decompensate. An additional theoretical question is, how the external shape and internal architecture changes, if a primarily healthy hip is underused.
Methods: 10 children with healthy hips, who are unilaterally long-term orthotics/prosthetics-dependent, agreed to undergo an instrumental gait analysis. The results were analyzed and correlated with clinical findings, a common activity score and planimetric radiographic data.
Results: The intra-individual comparison revealed the following significant changes in the hip of the deformed leg (p <0.05). Clinically, the internal rotation was increased (12.5°), while the external rotation was diminished (20-22.5°). Radiologically, the projected CCD angle, the lesser trochanter to articular surface distance (LTA) and the head-shaft angle (CF) were increased by 14.71°, 1.58 cm and 13.52°, respectively. Both Sharp- and acetabular (AC) angles were increased by 5.01° and 3.52°, respectively. Kinetic gait analysis showed increased stride length (7 cm), shortened stance phase (6.35 %) and reduced forces transmitted to the ground (177.7 N). The kinematic analysis showed increased hip abduction (16.81°) while the pelvic obliquity was not significantly changed (0.08°).
Conclusions: Duchenne’s limping and lack of weight-bearing stress are the decisive pathogenic factors of the underuse-coxa-valga and acetabular dysplasia. These changes follow the mechanobiological concept “function modifies design”, that means function influences external shape and internal architecture of bones and joints. As a practical consequence we recommend to perform one pelvic radiograph as a precaution at the end of puberty of the diseased children.
Level of evidence: Level II retrospective stud
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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