137 research outputs found
Ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the thumb- An overview of the injury and treatment
No full textBitrate modeling of scalable videos using quantization parameter, frame rate and spatial resolution
No full textThe quality and bitrate modeling is essential to effectively adapt the bitrate and quality of videos when delivered to multiplatform devices over resource constraint heterogeneous networks. The recent model proposed by Wang et al. estimates the bitrate and quality of videos in terms of the frame rate and quantization parameter. However, to build an effective video adaptation framework, it is crucial to incorporate the spatial resolution in the analytical model for bitrate and perceptual quality adaptation. Hence, this paper proposes an analytical model to estimate the bitrate of videos in terms of quantization parameter, frame rate, and spatial resolution. The model can fit the measured data accurately which is evident from the high Pearson correlation. The proposed model is based on the observation that the relative reduction in bitrate due to decreasing spatial resolution is independent of the quantization parameter and frame rate. This modeling can be used for rate-constrained bit-stream adaptation scheme which selects the scalability parameters to optimize the perceptual quality for a given bandwidth constraint
Phonological and orthographic problems in EFL college spellers
No full text36 EFL freshmen students took a listening-spelling test in which they filled out 100
blanks in a dialogue. Results indicated that 63% of the spelling errors were phonological,
37% were orthographic. Saudi freshman spellers in general have more phonological problems
with whole words but more orthographic problems with graphemes. The most common
phonological problems that poor spellers have are: Inability to hear and discriminate all or
most of the phonemes in a word, hearing and inability to discriminate vowel phonemes and
hear the final syllable or suffix. They mostly have orthographic problems with vowel
digraphs, double consonants, silent vowels and consonants and homophones. A detailed
report of EFL students are given.Corresponding Author:
Prof. Reima Al-Jarf, Professor of ELT & Translation, College of Languages & Translation
P.O. Box 69827, Riyadh 11557, Saudi Arabia
Email: [email protected]
What shapes Global diffusion of e-government: Comparing the infuence of national governance institutions
No full textPrior research has established the existence of a differential between industrialized and other countries for e-Government diffusion. It attempts to explain this divide by identifying economic and technical variables. At the same time, the role of national governance institutions in e-Government diffusion has been relatively under-theorized and under-studied. The authors posit that, the existing national governance institutions shape the diffusion and assimilation of e-Government in any country via associated institutions in three key sectors: government, private sector and non-governmental organizations. This paper develops and tests a preliminary model of e-Government diffusion using the governance institutional climate as represented via democratic practices, transparency of private sector corporate governance, corruption perception, and the free press. The results indicate that the level of development of national governance institutions can explain the level of e-Government diffusion over and above economic and technical variables. The authors' research contributes to the literature by providing initial evidence that the existing national governance institutions infuence and shape e-Gov diffusion and assimilation beyond the adoption stage. © 2010, IGI Global.AHRENS J, 2002, DEV TRANSITION, V6, P35; AHRENS J, 2006, PRIVATE U APPL SCI G; Andersen KV, 2006, GOV INFORM Q, V23, P236, DOI 10.1016-j.giq.2005.11.008; Azad B, 2009, GOV INFORM Q, V26, P5, DOI 10.1016-j.giq.2008.08.005; Besley T., 2002, RIGHT TELL ROLE MASS, P45; Boyer-Wright K. 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Scoping Review of Behavioral Changes in Pregnant Mothers
No full textDuring pregnancy, a woman\u27s body, mind, and social life all change drastically. For healthcare providers to provide effective assistance and guidance, they need to understand what factors affect behavior change during pregnancy. Aim: The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the effectiveness of behavior modification programs currently used during pregnancy. Methods: A scoping review was carried out. This covered Intervention studies, RCT studies , Systematic studies published from (May 2020) to (May 2023) in English which included behavioral change programs during pregnancy .A bibliographic search was made A search of three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane) in order to locate relevant papers for the investigation. Each article\u27s author(s), publication year, study location, study design, study objective, number of participants in the intervention and control groups, results, and conclusions were extracted and analyzed. Findings: As a result, the scoping review comprised ten investigations. According to the studies being considered, treatments emphasizing changes in a pregnant woman\u27s lifestyle and behavior have the potential to improve her health. More research is needed to assess the efficacy of these interventions and to develop comprehensive, fact-based programs to encourage healthy behaviors during pregnancy. Conclusions: According to the studies being considered, treatments emphasizing changes in a pregnant woman\u27s lifestyle and behavior have the potential to improve her health. More research is needed to assess the efficacy of these interventions and to develop comprehensive, fact-based programs to encourage healthy behaviors during pregnanc
The role of the accused in English and Islamic criminal justice
No full textThis thesis is a comparative study of the role of the accused in the systems of
English and Islamic criminal justice. It seeks to explore the underlying
relationship between the individual and the state through an historical, structural
and contextual analysis of their rules relating to questioning and of confessions.
The analysis of the English system covers the period 1800 to 1984, with
particular reference to developments during the nineteenth century when the
foundations for the modern English state were established. The analysis of the
Islamic system combines traditionally Islamic and modern methods, assessing the
"Islamisation" movement in Malaysia through a religico-structural understanding
of juristic opinion from the four main schools of Sunnite jurisprudence.
The thesis contributes to existing knowledge on a number of levels: first, it
questions and revises the "myth" of "progress" that has dominated observations
of the history of the English criminal justice system; second, it elucidates the
relationship between Islamic law in theory and the law that is applied and
proposed in its name in Muslim states; third, it provides an analytical framework
for drawing comparisons between the underlying values of the systems of English
and Islamic criminal justice.
While acknowledging fundamental differences in terms of outlook and
articulation, the author concludes there are important similarities expressed
through such notions as "suspect" in the English system and "kafir"I"fasiq" in the
Islamic. These act as intermediate constitutional categories to whom the state
owe less protection. But the author notes also that these similarities are not
observed necessarily in the "law" which is implemented or proposed in Muslim
states; exact correspondence depends upon the over-arching political structure
and the institution of Caliphate.
The thesis is divided into six chapters: chapter one sets out the conventional view
of the historical development of English criminal procedure and evidence;
chapter two subjects that to a critique and chapter three offers a revised thesis.
Chapter four, explores methods for interpreting and explaining Islam; chapter
five sets out rules relating to confessions and questioning according to the four
Sunni schools; chapter six puts them into "context" through an examination of
the "Islamisation" process in Malaysia
The Relation between Treated Maternal Urinary Tract Infection and Adverse Maternal, Prenatal Outcomes in Pregnant Women of Ardabil, Iran
No full textBackground and Objective: Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections during pregnancy and has also been implicated as a risk factor for adverse maternal and prenatal outcomes. The aim of our study was to determine the relation between maternal urinary tract infection and adverse maternal, prenatal outcomes in pregnant women of Ardabil, Iran.
Material and Methods: This retrospective-case-control study was conducted on prenatal file records of pregnant women in Ardabil (2011). The pregnant women who had a positive urine culture in their prenatal files (N= 211) were considered as a case group and 232 ones without urinary tract infection as a control. Using a research- made questionnaire, the data related to present pregnancy and prenatal information was collected and analyzed by KrusKal Wallis, Chi- Square and Fisher statistical tests.
Results: Maternal age of under 25 (%61.6 vs. 56.5), body mass index of more than 30 (%18.3 vs. 15.6), primigravida (%55 vs. 48.8), hypertension (%2.4 vs. 1.3), hyperemesis Gravidarum (%14.8 vs. 12.6), frequency and dysuria (%1.9 vs. 0.9), low birth weight (%95.4 vs. 93.2), congenital malformation (%3.5 vs. 1.8), artificial milk feeding (%6.5 vs. 2.7), neonatal death (%0.9 vs. 0.0) are higher in urinary infection group, however the differences are not statistically significant. Other maternal and prenatal adverse outcomes such as diabetes, pre-eclampsia , hemoglobin level, prematurity, abortion and stillbirth have not significant relation with urinary infection.
Conclusion: Because of low level of adverse maternal or prenatal outcomes reported in our study, we conclude that screening and treatment of urinary tract infection in Ardabil health service is appropriate; therefore, no change is needed for present screening or treatment processes
Role of computed tomography in the evaluation of pediatric brain tumor
No full textA total of forty two clinically diagnosed pediatric brain tumors were studied over a period of two years. The study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of computed tomography (CT) in pre-operative diagnosis of pediatric brain tumors by correlating the imaging findings with postoperative histopathological findings. Site, density, mass effect and contrast enhancement of the lesion were studied as primary efficacy variables of CT scan. In the present study, the common pediatric brain tumors were astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma and ependymoma. In 18(42.9%) cases the tumors were supratentorial and in 24 (57.1%), they were infratentorial in location. The findings of CT scan in different intracranial neoplasm strongly correlated with those of histopathology. The validity tests for CT scan were found to be 88.9% sensitive, 100% specific and about 95% accurate in diagnosing astrocytoma. Similarly the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for medulloblastoma were 100%, 96.9% and 97.7% respectively. For craniopharyngioma the values were 85.7%, 100% and 97.7% respectively. The study concludes that CT is an invaluable imaging modality in preoperative diagnosis of pediatric brain tumor due to its excellent characterization of tumors. DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v36i3.7288Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2010; 36: 89-92</jats:p
Effect of conditioning and 3-year aging on the bond strength and interfacial morphology of glass-ionomer cement bonded to dentin
No full textBackground/purpose: Glass-ionomer cement (GIC) is bioactive and independent. Bioactivity, which is a big trend in restorative dentistry. When they actively stimulate with microbiological species besides their primary function of restoring tooth structure then restorative materials should called “bioactive” materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the bond stability and the change in interfacial ultra-structure of a conventional glass-ionomer cement bonded to dentin, with and without pre-treatment using a polyalkenoic acid conditioner. Material and methods: The occlusal dentin surfaces of six teeth were ground flat. Glass-ionomer cement was bonded to the surfaces either with or without polyalkenoic acid conditioning. The teeth were sectioned into 1-mm2 stick-shaped specimens. The specimens obtained were randomly assigned to two groups with different periods of storage in water: 1-week and 3-year. The micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) was determined for each storage time. Additional specimens were prepared for interfacial analysis by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); they were produced with or without prior polyalkenoic acid conditioning in the same way as in the μTBS test. Results: There was no significant difference in μTBS to conditioned dentin and non-conditioned dentin (p > 0.05). The failures appeared to be of a mixed nature, although aging caused more areas of cohesive than adhesive failure in both groups. Conclusion: Aging did not reduce the bond strength of the conventional glass-ionomer cement to dentin with or without the use of a polyalkenoic acid conditioner. Remineralized dentin layer were observed in both conditioned and unconditioned 3-years specimens
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