501 research outputs found
Recensione a: Ansari di Herat, Le cento pianure dello Spirito, a cura di C. Saccone, EMP, Padova 2012
No full textRecensione di volume di Ansari di Herat, un autore mistico persiano dell' XI sec.review of the book: Ansari of Herat, a mystical Persian author of XI centur
Tagging of Biomedical Articles on CiteULike: A Comparison of User, Author and Professional Indexing
No full textThis paper examines the context of online indexing from the viewpoint of three different groups: users, authors, and professional indexers. User tags, author keywords and descriptors were collected from academic journal articles, which were both indexed in Pubmed and tagged on CiteULike, and analysed. Descriptive statistics, informetric measures, and thesaural term comparison shows that there are important differences in the use of keywords between the three groups in addition to similarities which can be used to enhance support for search and browse. While tags and author keywords were found that matched descriptors exactly, other terms which did not match but provided important expansion to the indexing lexicon were found. These additional terms could be used to enhance support for searching and browsing in article databases as well as to provide invaluable data for entry vocabulary and emergent terminology for regular updates to indexing systems. Additionally, the study suggests that tags support organisation by association to task, projects and subject while making important connections to traditional systems which classify into subject categories
Discusiones sobre la teología de al-Bāqillānī en el Magreb: el Tasdīd fī šarḥ al-Tamhīd de ‘Abd al-Ŷalīl b. Abī Bakr al-Dībāŷī al-raba‘ī
No full text[EN] This paper presents a unique manuscript copy of a fifth/eleventh-century Maghribī commentary on al-Bāqillānī’s Kitāb al-Tamhīd. The work, entitled al-Tasdīd fī sharḥ al-Tamhīd, was written by ‘Abd al-Jalīl b. Abī Bakr alDībājī —also known as Ibn al-Ṣābūnī— who had studied the Kitāb al-Tamhīd with al-Bāqillānī’s disciples in Qayrawān. The present study first reviews the transmission of alBāqillānī’s work to the Islamic west. It then continues to present the author of the commentary, to reconstruct the work’s genesis and to describe its content. The final section focuses on a sample chapter and argues that alDībājī follows al-Bāqillānī’s later position on a specific theory —the so-called theory of aḥwāl— of which the Tamhīd strongly disapproved. The Tasdīd is one of the oldest texts of Maghribī Ash‘arism that has come down to us and provides valuable new insights into the school’s early history in the Islamic west[ES] En este artículo presentamos un manuscrito único de un comentario magrebí del Kitāb alTamhīd de al-Bāqillānī datado en elsiglo V/XI. La obra se titula al-Tasdīd fīšarḥ al-Tamhīd escrita por ‘Abd al-Ŷalīl b. Abī Bakr al-Dībāŷī —también conocido como Ibn al-Ṣābūnī—quien estudió el Tamhīd con otros discípulos de al-Bāqillānī en Qayrawān. El presente estudio revisa el proceso de transmisión de la obra de al-Bāqillānī en el Occidente Islámico. Después continúa presentando al autor del comentario, reconstruyendo la génesis del texto y describiendo su contenido. La sección final escoge un capítulo del texto que se ha seleccionado para demostrar cómo al-Dībāŷī sigue la posición tardía de al-Bāqillānī con respecto a la llamada teoría de los aḥwāl- duramente criticada en el Tamhīd. El Tasdīd constituye uno de los textos más antiguos del aš‘arismo magrebí que ha llegado hasta nosotros, ofreciéndonos nuevas y valiosas perspectivas sobre la historia de esta escuela teológica en el Occidente islámicoThe research leading to these results has received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement no 624808 and the Spanish government’s Ramón y Cajal programme (RYC-2015-18346) awarded to Jan Thiele. Hassan Ansari wishes to thank the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton for granting him a Long-Term Membership during the preparation of this paper.Peer reviewe
Historical misunderstanding the issue of singing (according to the theory of Sheikh Ansari)
No full textThe theme of the triple concepts like playing (Qena), frivolous voice (Lahvi voice) and singing have an essential role in the determination of their religious order and edict. In this paper, the Levy singing sound given over sin and minstrel's song voice introduced to the issue of religious veneration and lahvy Play only use in specific instances, such as forbidden gambling in the religion. Also the author prove that absolute prohibition of immoral and frivolous singing means singing voice commensurate with frivolous gatherings is not fixed in the Islamic law. In this regard, the author uncovered the historical misconception that the expression of Sheikh Ansari occurred in the song issue and believe that he just focused on the minstrel's song (not lahvy voices) as the subject of playing(Qena). Finally the author believe that forbidden playing is not accompanied with the lahvy voices according to it's famous meaning
An Analytical Survey on Diagnosis Algorithm in Generic Defect Large-Scale Failures in Computer Networks
No full textWe present a framework and a set of algorithms for determining faults in networks when large scale outages occur. The design principles of our algorithm, netCSI, are motivated by the fact that failures are geographically clustered in such cases. We address the challenge of determining faults with incomplete symptom information due to a limited number of reporting nodes. netCSI consists of two parts: a hypotheses generation algorithm, and a ranking algorithm. When constructing the hypothesis list of potential causes, we make novel use of positive and negative symptoms to improve the precision of the results. In addition, we propose pruning and thresholding along with a dynamic threshold value selector, to reduce the complexity of our algorithm. The ranking algorithm is based on conditional failure probability models that account for the geographic correlation of the network objects in clustered failures. We evaluate the performance of netCSI for networks with both random and realistic topologies. We compare the performance of netCSI with an existing fault diagnosis algorithm, MAX-COVERAGE, and demonstrate an average gain of 128 percent in accuracy for realistic topologies.</jats:p
Survey on Database Concurrency Control in Multilevel Secure Database Management Systems
No full textTransactions are vital for database management systems (DBMSs) because they provide transparency to concurrency and failure. Concurrent execution of transactions may lead to contention for access to data, which in a multilevel secure DBMS (MLSIDBMS) may lead to insecurity. In this paper we examine security issues involved in database concurrency control for MLS/DBMSs and show how a scheduler can affect security. We introduce Data Conflict Security; (DC-Security) a property that implies a system is free of convert channels due to contention for access to data. We present a definition of DC Security based on noninterference. Two properties that constitute a necessary condition for DC-Security are introduced along with two other simpler necessary conditions. We have identified a class of schedulers we call Output-State-Equivalent for which another criterion implies DC-Security. The criterion considers separately the behavior of the scheduler in response to those inputs that cause rollback and those that do not. We characterize the security properties of several existing scheduling protocols and find many to be insecure</jats:p
Myrsidea simplex Ansari 1956
No full textMyrsidea simplex Ansari, 1956 Myrsidea simplex Ansari, 1956: Pak. J. Health, 5: 168, Fig. 5. Type host: Catharus fuscater mentalis Sclater & Salvin, 1876 —Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush Material studied. Two females, 3 males, ex Catharus fuscater, COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Tapanti (09° 46 ’N, 83 ° 47 ’W; 1200 m), 2–10 August 2009, Literak and Sychra leg. Deposited in INBio (O.Sychra CR 211–212) and MMBC (O.Sychra CR 213); 2 females and 2 males, ex Catharus aurantiirostris, COSTA RICA: Braulio Carrillo National Park, Sector Barva (10 ˚07’N, 84 ˚07’W; 2600 m), 2 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in INBio (O.Sychra CR 214–215); 1 male and 1 female ex Catharus aurantiirostris, COSTA RICA: Zona Protectora Las Tablas, La Amistad Lodge (8 ° 54 ’N, 82 ° 47 ’W; 1300 m), 21 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in MMBC (O.Sychra CR 216); 2 females, ex Catharus mexicanus, COSTA RICA: Rincon de la Vieja National Park, Sector Santa Maria, Sendero del Padre (10 ° 46 ’N, 85 ° 18 ’W; 800 m), 24 August 2009, Literak and Sychra leg. Deposited in INBio (O.Sychra CR 217). Remarks. This is the first record of chewing lice from Catharus aurantiirostris and the second species of Myrsidea from Catharus mexicanus. Our specimens differ from the redescription of M. simplex presented by Clay (1966) by setal counts and dimensions as follows [setal counts and dimensions mentioned by Clay (1966) are in parentheses]: Female (n = 7). Length of DHS 10, 0.040–0.045; DHS 11, 0.100– 0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.36–0.45 (0.38–0.42). Metasternal plate with 6–7 setae. Postspiracular setae extremely long, 0.45–0.48, on II, IV and VIII; long, 0.30, on I, and short, 0.11–0.20, on III, V, VI and VII. Sternites III–VII without medioanterior setae. Anal fringe formed by 35–39 dorsal and 34–37 ventral setae. Male (n = 6). Length of DHS 10, 0.040–0.045; DHS 11, 0.090 –0.100; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.40–0.50. Metasternal plate with 5–7 setae. With median gap in each tergal setal row. Postspiracular setae as for female. Sternites III–VII without medioanterior setae. Comparisons of females from each host species: ex Catharus fuscater (Lafresnaye, 1845) —Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush (n = 2) As in Fig. 30. Metanotum with 12–14 (16–18) marginal setae. Tergal setae: VII, 9–12 (8–11). Sternal setae: II, 7–8 (5) anterior; III, 25–28 (13–15); IV, 35–37 (24–30); V, 33–35 (22–29); VI, 30–31 (20–27); VII, 25 (8–12); VIII–IX, 27–29 (23–27) including 15–16 (12–15) setae on vulval margin. Dimensions: TW, 0.47–0.48 (0.45–0.47); PW, 0.28–0.29 (0.26–0.28); MW, 0.48–0.49 (0.42); AW, 0.54–0.59 (0.53); ANW, 0.22–0.23; TL, 1.47–1.49 (1.50). ex Catharus aurantiirostris (Hartlaub, 1850) — Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush (n = 3) Metanotum with 14–15 (16–18) marginal setae. Tergal setae: III, 19–22 (22–24); IV, 21–23 (23–27); V, 19–20 (22–27); VII, 10–12 (8–11). Sternal setae: II, 10 (5) anterior; III, 19–20 (13–15); V, 27–31 (22–29); VII, 18–20 (8–12); VIII–IX, 22–24 (23–27) including 12–14 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin. Dimensions: TW, 0.43–0.44 (0.45–0.47); HL, 0.27–0.29 (0.29–0.30); PW, 0.25 (0.26–0.28); MW, 0.42–0.43 (0.42); AW, 0.50–0.53 (0.53); ANW, 0.21–0.22; TL, 1.37–1.41 (1.50). ex Catharus mexicanus (Bonaparte, 1856) —Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush (n = 2) Tergal setae: III, 18–20 (22–24); IV, 20–22 (23–27); V, 19 (22–27). Sternal setae: II, 19–20 (14–16) marginal setae between asters, 9–11 (5) anterior; III, 21–22 (13–15); IV, 30–33 (24–30); V, 29–33 (22–29); VII, 16–18 (8–12). Dimensions: TW, 0.44–0.45 (0.45–0.47); PW, 0.27–0.29 (0.26–0.28); MW, 0.43–0.44 (0.42); AW, 0.51–0.52 (0.53); ANW, 0.20–0.21; TL, 1.37–1.38 (1.50). Comparisons of males from each host species: ex Catharus fuscater (n = 3) As in Fig. 34. Metanotum with 11 (12) marginal setae. Tergal setae: I, 10–11 (10); II, 12–13 (15); III, 14–15 (17–18); IV, 15–16 (14); V, 13 (15); VI, 14 (11); VII, 8 (9). Sternal setae: II, 14 (15) marginal setae between asters, 7 (9) anterior; III, 22 (17); IV, 29–30 (27); V, 29–33 (26); VI, 27–28 (25); VII, 17–22 (15); VIII, 8–11 (8). Dimensions: TW, 0.40–0.43 (0.42); HL, 0.28–0.29 (0.27); PW, 0.26–0.27 (0.25); MW, 0.36–0.37 (0.32); AW, 0.44–0.45 (0.42); TL, 1.21–1.26 (1.22); GW, 0.10–0.11; GSL, 0.08. ex Catharus aurantiirostris (n = 3) Metanotum with 8–10 (12) setae on posterior margin. Tergal setae: I, 12 (10); II, 14–15 (15); III, 15–17 (17–18); IV, 13–15 (14); V 13–14 (15); VI 11–13 (11); VII, 8–9 (9); VIII, 6 (8). Sternal setae: II, 14–15 (15) marginal setae between asters, 6–8 (9) anterior; III, 15–19 (17); IV, 23–31 (27); V, 26–27 (26); VI, 25–26 (25); VII, 16–19 (15). Dimensions: TW, 0.38–0.39 (0.42); HL, 0.26–0.27 (0.27); PW, 0.24–0.25 (0.25); MW, 0.31–0.33 (0.32); AW, 0.40–0.41 (0.42); TL, 1.12–1.17 (1.22); GW, 0.10; GSL, 0.08. Myrsidea tapanti Sychra and Kounek sp. nov. (Figs 23 –24, 28, 32) Type host: Catharus fuscater (Lafresnaye, 1845) – Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush Female (n = 4). As in Fig. 28. This species belongs to the thoracica species group sensu Clay (1966). Length of DHS 10, 0.035; DHS 11, 0.105–0.110; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.32–0.33. Gula 4–5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6 setae, metanotum enlarged, with 18–23 marginal setae. Femur III with 14–17 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdomen with tergite I enlarged. Tergites I–IV with medioposterior convexity (Fig. 23); wide median gap in the rows of tergal setae presented on IV–VIII. Tergal setae: I, 25; II, 29–31; III, 31–33; IV, 31–33; V, 26–29; VI, 20; VII, 12; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.42–0.49) on II, IV and VIII; long (0.25–0.30) on I, III and VII; short (0.15) on V, and very short (0.08–0.10) on VI. Sternal setae: II, 4–5 in each aster, 19–20 marginal setae between asters, 4–5 anterior; III, 18–22; IV, 36; V, 33–35; VI, 27–31; VII, 25; VIII–IX, 26–28 including 14–16 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III–VII. Sternites V–VI strongly arched (Fig. 23). Anal fringe formed by 35–40 dorsal and 33–35 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.46–0.50; HL, 0.29; PW, 0.28–0.29; MW, 0.49–0.51; AW, 0.59–0.60; ANW, 0.21; TL, 1.47–1.49. Male (n = 4). As in Fig. 32. Length of DHS 10, 0.030–0.035; DHS 11, 0.100– 0.105; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.29–0.35. Gula with 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 6–7 setae. Metanotum with 14–15 marginal setae. Tergal setae: I, 16–17; II, 20; III, 19–21; IV, 17–19; V, 17; VI, 13–15; VII, 10; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae: extremely long (0.45) on II and IV; long (0.19–0.25) on I and VII; and somewhat shorter (0.10–0.12) on V. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 16 marginal setae between asters, 7–11 anterior; III, 21–26; IV, 31–39; V, 32–37; VI, 30–31; VII, 23–24; VIII, 9–13; with medioanterior setae on sternites III, 1; IV, 2; V, 1; VI, 2. Genital sac sclerite short, with a relatively large subapical projection on each side, a concave posterior margin, and without medioposterior line (Fig. 24). Dimensions: TW, 0.40–0.42; HL, 0.24–0.26; PW, 0.26; MW, 0.36; AW, 0.43–0.44; TL, 1.17–1.22; GW, 0.10–0.11; GSL, 0.07–0.08. Type material. Female holotype and paratype male (O.Sychra CR 218), ex Catharus fuscater, COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Tapanti (09° 46 ’N, 83 ° 47 ’W; 1200 m), 2–10 August 2009, Literak and Sychra leg. Paratypes: 3 females and 3 males with the same data as holotype. Deposited in INBio (O.Sychra CR 218–221). Remarks. This is the second species of Myrsidea from Catharus fuscater. The female of M. tapanti sp. nov. is clearly distinguished from those of other species belonging to the thoracica species group by the following characters: (1) enlarged metanotum, (2) unique shape of tergites I–II (Fig. 23), (3) continuous rows of tergal setae on I–III. The male of M. tapanti sp. nov. is well characterized by its genital sac sclerite (Fig. 24), which places this species close to three species from Turdidae: M. rohi Ansari, 1956, M. simplex Ansari, 1956 and M. varia Ansari, 1956. However, the male of M. tapanti sp. nov. can be distinguished from the aforementioned species by its larger number of setae on tergites II–III (19–21 vs. 11–18); and on tergites II–V, together with 73–77 setae vs. 48–65. Etymology. The species epithet derives from the name of the type locality of this new species: Tapanti National Park. Myrsidea tapetapersi Sychra and Kounek sp. nov. (Figs 25 –26, 29, 33) Type host: Turdus nigrescens (Cabanis, 1861) — Sooty Thrush. Female (n = 2). As in Fig. 29. This species belongs to the thoracica species group sensu Clay (1966). Length of DHS 10, 0.075–0.085; DHS 11, 0.110–0.120; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.63–0.77. Gula with 5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 7 setae, metanotum not enlarged, with 13 marginal setae. Femur III with 18–22 setae in ventral setal brush. Abdomen with tergite I not enlarged, with slightly convex posterior margin. Tergite II enlarged, with strongly convex and pointed posterior margin, tergites III and IV with concave lateral margins and straight medioposterior margins, tergite V only slightly convex (Fig. 25). Tergal setae, with median gap in each row except in tergite I: I, 24; II, 23; III, 19; IV, 17; V, 20; VI, 21; VII, 16; VIII, 8. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.50–0.56) on II, IV, VII and VIII; very long (0.38) on I; long (0.28) on III; and somewhat shorter (0.19–0.21) on V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 17 marginal setae between asters, 10 anterior; III, 23; IV, 31; V, 40; VI, 33; VII, 13; VIII–IX, 26 including 15–16 setae on deeply serrated vulval margin; without medioanterior setae on sternites III–VII. Sternite VI arched (Fig. 25). Anal fringe formed by 48 dorsal and 38 ventral setae. Dimensions: TW, 0.53; HL, 0.33–0.34; PW, 0.31; MW, 0.49; AW, 0.59–0.63; ANW, 0.21–0.25; TL, 1.58–1.65. Male (n = 4). As in Fig. 33. Length of DHS 10, 0.070–0.075; DHS 11, 0.105–0.115; ratio DHS 10 / 11, 0.61–0.71. Gula with 4–5 setae on each side. Metasternal plate with 8 setae, metanotum with 11–12 marginal setae. Tergal setae, with median gap in each row: I, 18; II, 17–18; III, 15–17; IV, 16–18; V, 17; VI, 15; VII, 11–12; VIII, 7–8. Postspiracular setae extremely long (0.50–0.52) on II, IV and VIII; very long (0.40) on VII; long (0.30) on I and III; and somewhat shorter (0.16–0.25) on V and VI. Sternal setae: II, 4 in each aster, 15 marginal setae between asters, 7–8 anterior; III, 18–21; IV, 27–28; V, 30–33; VI, 29; VII, 15–18; VIII, 7; without medioanterior setae. Genital sac sclerite with a large subapical projection on each side, a straight or slightly convex posterior margin and with short, dark medioposterior line (Fig. 26). Dimensions: TW, 0.48–0.49; HL, 0.31–0.32; PW, 0.28–0.29; MW, 0.39–0.41; AW, 0.50; TL, 1.39–1.42; GW, 0.11–0.12; GSL, 0.08. Type material. Holotype female and paratype male (O.Sychra CR 222), 1 female and 3 males paratypes (O.Sychra CR 223–224) ex Turdus nigrescens COSTA RICA: Tapanti National Park, Sector Cerro de la Muerte (9 ° 33 ’N, 83 ° 43 ’W; 3100 m), 12–14 August 2010, Sychra and Literak leg. Deposited in INBio (O.Sychra CR 222–223) and MMBC (O.Sychra CR 224). Remarks. This is the first record of a chewing louse from Turdus nigrescens. The female of M. tapetapersi sp. nov. is clearly distinguished from those of other species belonging to the thoracica species group by the unique shape of its tergites (Fig. 25). The male of M. tapetapersi sp. nov. is characterized by the following features: (1) genital sac sclerite, (2) tergal chaetotaxy, and (3) sternites III–VII without anterior setae and quite large dimensions. These characters place M. tapetapersi sp. nov. close to M. keniensis Clay, 1966 from Turdus abyssinicus Gmelin, 1789 from Kenya. However, the male of M. tapetapersi sp. nov. can be distinguished by its larger number of setae on tergite I (18 vs. 12–13) and sternites IV–V (35–37 vs. 27–33). Etymology. This species is named in honor of Oldrich Sychra Sr, father of the corresponding author, who is also known by his nickname TapeTapers.Published as part of Kounek, Filip, Sychra, Oldrich, Capek, Miroslav & Literak, Ivan, 2013, Chewing lice of genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from Turdidae (Passeriformes) of Costa Rica, with descriptions of seven new species, pp. 201-222 in Zootaxa 3620 (2) on pages 214-220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3620.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/22074
A Review of Question Answering Systems: Approaches, Challenges, and Applications
No full textQuestion answering (QA) systems are a type of natural language processing (NLP) technology that provide precise and concise answers to questions posed in natural language. These systems have the potential to revolutionize the way we access information and can be applied in a wide range of fields including education, customer service, and health care.There are several approaches to building QA systems, including rule-based, information retrieval, and machine learning-based approaches. Rule-based systems rely on predefined rules and patterns to extract answers from a given text, while information retrieval systems use search algorithms to retrieve relevant information from a large database. Machine learning-based systems, on the other hand, use training data to learn to extract answers from text.One of the main challenges faced by QA systems is the need to understand the context and intent behind a question. This requires the system to have a deep understanding of the language and the ability to make inferences based on the given information. Another challenge is the need to extract relevant information from a large and potentially unstructured dataset.Despite these challenges, QA systems have a wide range of applications, including education, customer service, and health care. In education, QA systems can be used to provide personalized learning experiences and help students learn more efficiently. In customer service, QA systems can be used to handle a high volume of queries and provide quick and accurate responses to customers. In health care, QA systems can be used to assist doctors and patients by providing timely and accurate information about medical conditions and treatments.Overall, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of QA systems, their approaches, challenges, and applications. By understanding the current state of development and the potential impact of QA systems, we can better utilize these technologies to improve various industries and enhance the way we access information
قطر الندى / محمد سعيد العريان.
No full textSharḥ Qaṭr al-Nadā wa-Ball al-Ṣadā is an Arabic grammar book written by Ibn Hisham al-Ansari for learning the Arabic language
Label-free electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein based on carbon cloth sputtered gold nanoparticles
No full textThe proliferation and transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or the (COVID-19) disease, has become a threat to worldwide biosecurity. Therefore, early diagnosis of COVID-19 is crucial to combat the ongoing infection spread. In this study we propose a flexible aptamer-based electrochemical sensor for the rapid, label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP). A platform made of a porous and flexible carbon cloth, coated with gold nanoparticles, to increase the conductivity and electrochemical performance of the material, was assembled with a thiol functionalized DNA aptamer via S–Au bonds, for the selective recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 SP. The various steps for the sensor preparation were followed by using scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The proposed platform displayed good mechanical stability, revealing negligible changes on voltammetric responses to bending at various angles. Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 SP was performed by DPV and chronopotentiometry (CP), exploiting the changes of the electrical signals due the [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox probe, when SARS-CoV-2 SP binds to the aptamer immobilized on the electrode surface. Current density, in DPV, and square root of the transition time, in CP, varied linearly with the log[ SARS-CoV-2 SP], providing lower limits of detection (LOD) of 0.11 ng/mL and 37.8 ng/mL, respectively. The sensor displayed good selectivity, repeatability, and was tested in diluted human saliva, spiked with different SARS-CoV-2 SP concentrations, providing LODs of 0.167 ng/mL and 46.2 ng/mL for DPV and CP, respectively
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