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Etude de la voie de biosynthèse des dithiolopyrrolones chez saccharotrix algeriensis NRRL B-24137 : approche génétique et enzymologique
No full textDue to the emergence in the last decades of new and old infectious diseases to existing antibiotics, the research for new bioactive molecules which possess medical applications become a global occupation. Saccharothrix algeriensis, filamentous bacteria of actinomycetes order showed a surprising ability to produce bioactive molecules belongs to dithiolopyrrolones with remarkable properties of both antibiotics and anticancer. In this thesis, the identification of dithiolopyrrolones biosynthetic gene cluster in Sa. algeriensis was investigated. Through S. algeriensis genome sequencing, a genomics approach "genome mining" was followed, this approach has revealed a potentially thi cluster responsible for dithiolopyrrolones biosynthesis pathway in Sa algeriensis. This cluster contains 12 genes, including 8 biosynthesis genes, three regulatory genes and one transporter gene. The in silico analysis of this cluster showed that the cysteine is the substrate of the NRPS. The transcriptional analyzes showed that the three key genes which encode for NRPS, thioredoxin and thioesterase could be involved in dithiolopyrrolone biosyntheses. Two genes, actA and actB, encode for two putative acyltransferases were identified, the transcriptional analyzes suggests that these genes may be responsible for the acylation of pyrrothine core. The characterizations of two activities, acetyltransferase and benzoyltransferase, in the crude extract of Sa. algeriensis led the determination of the optimal parameters (pH and T °C) to detect these activities. Moreover, the effect of temperature and pH on these activities was determined. Finally, the kinetic parameters of these activities showed different values, which confirm the presence of, at least, two activities in Sa. algeriensis.Du fait de l’apparition de microorganismes pathogènes ayant une résistance aux antibiotiques actuels, la recherche de nouvelles molécules bioactives possédant une application médicale est devenue une préoccupation mondiale. Saccharothrix algeriensis, une bactérie filamenteuse de l’ordre des actinomycètes a montré une étonnante capacité à produire des molécules bioactives qui appartiennent aux dithiolopyrrolones, ayant de remarquables propriétés à la fois antibiotiques et anticancéreuses. Lors de ce projet de thèse, l’identification du cluster de gènes de la voie de biosynthèse des dithiolopyrrolones chez Sa. algeriensis est envisagée. Suite au séquençage du génome de Sa. algeriensis, une approche génomique ou « genome mining » est suivie, cette approche a révélé un cluster thi potentiellement responsable de la voie de biosynthèse des dithiolopyrrolones chez Sa. algeriensis. Ce cluster contient 12 gènes, dont 8 gènes de biosynthèse, 3 gènes régulateurs et un gène transporteur. Les analyses in silico des gènes ont montré que la cystéine est le substrat d’une NRPS. Les analyses transcriptionelles ont montré que les trois gènes clés codent pour une NRPS, une thiorédoxine et une thioestérase qui pourraient être impliquées dans la biosynthèse des dithiolopyrrolones. Deux gènes actA et actB codant pour des acyltransférases putatives ont été identifiés. Les analyses transcriptionelles suggèrent qu’actA et actB pourraient être responsables de l’acylation de la pyrrothine. Finalement, la caractérisation de deux activités enzymatiques, acétyltransférase et benzoyltransférase, présentes dans l’extrait brut de Sa. algeriensis, ont permis de déterminer les paramètres optimaux (pH et T °C) de la réaction enzymatique. Enfin, les paramètres cinétiques de ces activités ont des valeurs complètements différentes, ce qui confirme la présence d’au moins deux activités différentes chez Sa. algeriensis
Etude de la voie de biosynthèse des dithiolopyrrolones chez saccharotrix algeriensis NRRL B-24137 : approche génétique et enzymologique
Get PDFDu fait de l’apparition de microorganismes pathogènes ayant une résistance aux antibiotiques actuels, la recherche de nouvelles molécules bioactives possédant une application médicale est devenue une préoccupation mondiale. Saccharothrix algeriensis, une bactérie filamenteuse de l’ordre des actinomycètes a montré une étonnante capacité à produire des molécules bioactives qui appartiennent aux dithiolopyrrolones, ayant de remarquables propriétés à la fois antibiotiques et anticancéreuses. Lors de ce projet de thèse, l’identification du cluster de gènes de la voie de biosynthèse des dithiolopyrrolones chez Sa. algeriensis est envisagée. Suite au séquençage du génome de Sa. algeriensis, une approche génomique ou « genome mining » est suivie, cette approche a révélé un cluster thi potentiellement responsable de la voie de biosynthèse des dithiolopyrrolones chez Sa. algeriensis. Ce cluster contient 12 gènes, dont 8 gènes de biosynthèse, 3 gènes régulateurs et un gène transporteur. Les analyses in silico des gènes ont montré que la cystéine est le substrat d’une NRPS. Les analyses transcriptionelles ont montré que les trois gènes clés codent pour une NRPS, une thiorédoxine et une thioestérase qui pourraient être impliquées dans la biosynthèse des dithiolopyrrolones. Deux gènes actA et actB codant pour des acyltransférases putatives ont été identifiés. Les analyses transcriptionelles suggèrent qu’actA et actB pourraient être responsables de l’acylation de la pyrrothine. Finalement, la caractérisation de deux activités enzymatiques, acétyltransférase et benzoyltransférase, présentes dans l’extrait brut de Sa. algeriensis, ont permis de déterminer les paramètres optimaux (pH et T °C) de la réaction enzymatique. Enfin, les paramètres cinétiques de ces activités ont des valeurs complètements différentes, ce qui confirme la présence d’au moins deux activités différentes chez Sa. algeriensis. ABSTRACT : Due to the emergence in the last decades of new and old infectious diseases to existing antibiotics, the research for new bioactive molecules which possess medical applications become a global occupation. Saccharothrix algeriensis, filamentous bacteria of actinomycetes order showed a surprising ability to produce bioactive molecules belongs to dithiolopyrrolones with remarkable properties of both antibiotics and anticancer. In this thesis, the identification of dithiolopyrrolones biosynthetic gene cluster in Sa. algeriensis was investigated. Through S. algeriensis genome sequencing, a genomics approach "genome mining" was followed, this approach has revealed a potentially thi cluster responsible for dithiolopyrrolones biosynthesis pathway in Sa algeriensis. This cluster contains 12 genes, including 8 biosynthesis genes, three regulatory genes and one transporter gene. The in silico analysis of this cluster showed that the cysteine is the substrate of the NRPS. The transcriptional analyzes showed that the three key genes which encode for NRPS, thioredoxin and thioesterase could be involved in dithiolopyrrolone biosyntheses. Two genes, actA and actB, encode for two putative acyltransferases were identified, the transcriptional analyzes suggests that these genes may be responsible for the acylation of pyrrothine core. The characterizations of two activities, acetyltransferase and benzoyltransferase, in the crude extract of Sa. algeriensis led the determination of the optimal parameters (pH and T °C) to detect these activities. Moreover, the effect of temperature and pH on these activities was determined. Finally, the kinetic parameters of these activities showed different values, which confirm the presence of, at least, two activities in Sa. algeriensis
Study of the biosynthesis pathway of dithiolopyrrolones in Saccharothrix algeriensis NRRL B-24137 : Genetic and enzymological approaches
No full textDu fait de l’apparition de microorganismes pathogènes ayant une résistance aux antibiotiques actuels, la recherche de nouvelles molécules bioactives possédant une application médicale est devenue une préoccupation mondiale. Saccharothrix algeriensis, une bactérie filamenteuse de l’ordre des actinomycètes a montré une étonnante capacité à produire des molécules bioactives qui appartiennent aux dithiolopyrrolones, ayant de remarquables propriétés à la fois antibiotiques et anticancéreuses. Lors de ce projet de thèse, l’identification du cluster de gènes de la voie de biosynthèse des dithiolopyrrolones chez Sa. algeriensis est envisagée. Suite au séquençage du génome de Sa. algeriensis, une approche génomique ou « genome mining » est suivie, cette approche a révélé un cluster thi potentiellement responsable de la voie de biosynthèse des dithiolopyrrolones chez Sa. algeriensis. Ce cluster contient 12 gènes, dont 8 gènes de biosynthèse, 3 gènes régulateurs et un gène transporteur. Les analyses in silico des gènes ont montré que la cystéine est le substrat d’une NRPS. Les analyses transcriptionelles ont montré que les trois gènes clés codent pour une NRPS, une thiorédoxine et une thioestérase qui pourraient être impliquées dans la biosynthèse des dithiolopyrrolones. Deux gènes actA et actB codant pour des acyltransférases putatives ont été identifiés. Les analyses transcriptionelles suggèrent qu’actA et actB pourraient être responsables de l’acylation de la pyrrothine. Finalement, la caractérisation de deux activités enzymatiques, acétyltransférase et benzoyltransférase, présentes dans l’extrait brut de Sa. algeriensis, ont permis de déterminer les paramètres optimaux (pH et T °C) de la réaction enzymatique. Enfin, les paramètres cinétiques de ces activités ont des valeurs complètements différentes, ce qui confirme la présence d’au moins deux activités différentes chez Sa. algeriensis.Due to the emergence in the last decades of new and old infectious diseases to existing antibiotics, the research for new bioactive molecules which possess medical applications become a global occupation. Saccharothrix algeriensis, filamentous bacteria of actinomycetes order showed a surprising ability to produce bioactive molecules belongs to dithiolopyrrolones with remarkable properties of both antibiotics and anticancer. In this thesis, the identification of dithiolopyrrolones biosynthetic gene cluster in Sa. algeriensis was investigated. Through S. algeriensis genome sequencing, a genomics approach "genome mining" was followed, this approach has revealed a potentially thi cluster responsible for dithiolopyrrolones biosynthesis pathway in Sa algeriensis. This cluster contains 12 genes, including 8 biosynthesis genes, three regulatory genes and one transporter gene. The in silico analysis of this cluster showed that the cysteine is the substrate of the NRPS. The transcriptional analyzes showed that the three key genes which encode for NRPS, thioredoxin and thioesterase could be involved in dithiolopyrrolone biosyntheses. Two genes, actA and actB, encode for two putative acyltransferases were identified, the transcriptional analyzes suggests that these genes may be responsible for the acylation of pyrrothine core. The characterizations of two activities, acetyltransferase and benzoyltransferase, in the crude extract of Sa. algeriensis led the determination of the optimal parameters (pH and T °C) to detect these activities. Moreover, the effect of temperature and pH on these activities was determined. Finally, the kinetic parameters of these activities showed different values, which confirm the presence of, at least, two activities in Sa. algeriensis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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