1,720,958 research outputs found
Les femmes perses du point de vue d'une analyse institutionnelle
No full textAu cours des fouilles menées par Ernst Herzfeld à Persépolis, de 1933 à 1934, des milliers de tablettes d'argile ont été découvertes dans les fortifications à l'angle nord-est de la terrasse de Persépolis. Les tablettes, qui peuvent être datées entre 509 et 493 av. J.C., sont en grande partie inscrites en élamite. Les riches sources d'archives sont inestimables pour comprendre la dynamique, les hiérarchies et les fonctions qui ont caractérisé les structures socioculturelles des Achéménides. Avec la prise de conscience croissante de la disposition systématique des structures administratives achéménides, il devient maintenant intéressant d'étudier les thèmes socioculturels d'un point de vue institutionnel. C'est ce que la présente recherche vise à faire: étudier, d'une part, comment le cadre institutionnel a eu un impact sur la vie des femmes dans un éventail complet de statuts; d'autre part, montrer quels rôles et quelles responsabilités les femmes ont pris et comment elles fonctionnaient au sein des différentes institutions reflétées dans notre documentation. En d'autres termes, je propose une analyse institutionnelle du rôle des femmes dans l'empire achéménide sous Darius Ier. Les textes élamites montrent clairement que nous avons affaire à trois catégories:1- Des personnes spécialisées, qui dirigent des travaux d'équipe spécifiques ou qui ont autrement un profil distinct dans les dossiers;2- Des personnes spécialisées, qui dirigent des travaux d'équipe spécifiques ou qui ont autrement un profil distinct dans les dossiers;3- Des femmes ordinaires qui travaillent comme ouvrières et reçoivent des rations pour ce qu'elles font et qui échappent à l'anonymat lorsqu'elles meurent ou reçoivent des primes à l'accouchement. L'étude des femmes perses dans la perspective proposée fournit un échantillon représentatif de la société perse et fournit de façon cruciale de nouvelles perspectives sur la hiérarchie sociale ainsi que sur les modes opératoires de ce qui a été qualifié d'«économie de Persépolis».During the excavations led by Ernst Herzfeld at Persepolis, from 1933 to 1934, thousands of clay tablets were discovered in the fortification wall at the northeast corner of the Persepolis terrace. The writing on these tablets, which can be dated between 509 and 493 BCE, is largely in Elamite. The rich archival sources are priceless for understanding the dynamics, hierarchies, and functions that characterized Achaemenid socio-cultural structures. With the growing awareness of the systematic layout of Achaemenid administrative structures, it now becomes worthwhile to study socio-cultural subjects from an institutional perspective. This is what the proposed research will set out to do: to investigate, on the one hand, how the institutional frame impacted the lives of women in a full spectrum of statuses; on the other, to show which roles and responsibilities they took and how they operated within the various institutions reflected in our documentation. In other words, I propose an institutional analysis of women in the Achaemenid Empire under Darius I. The Elamite texts make it evident that we are dealing with three different levels of women:1- High-ranking royal and noble women including the King's wives, princesses, and perhaps the king's mother;2- specialized individuals, who are leaders of specific work teams, or who otherwise have a distinctive profile in the records;3- ordinary women who work as laborers and receive rations for what they do and who may only escape anonymity when they die or receive childbirth bonuses.The study of Persian women in the proposed perspective therefore also provides a cross section of Persian society and crucially provides new insights in social hierarchy as well as the operative modes of what has been labeled the “Persepolis economy.
Achaemenid Women: Putting the Greek Image to the Test
No full textInternational audienceThe historians of ancient Greece, as part of the elite of Greek communities, of their own time. By studying the works of these historians one can become familiar with these traditions and the common view on the world in Greek culture regarding various issues and concepts. The purpose of this paper is to study and analyze the Greek approach to women and the effect of this approach on the way the history of the Achaemenid Empire (ca. ((550-ca. 330 BC) was written. Our central theme in this paper is the question of the connection between the Greek perspective on women and the reliability of narratives related to women in the accounts of Achaemenid history by Greek historians
review of Llewellyn-Jones, Lloyd and James Robson. CTESIAS History of Persia Tales of the Orient
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Achaemenid Women: Putting the Greek Image to the Test
No full textInternational audienceThe historians of ancient Greece, as part of the elite of Greek communities, of their own time. By studying the works of these historians one can become familiar with these traditions and the common view on the world in Greek culture regarding various issues and concepts. The purpose of this paper is to study and analyze the Greek approach to women and the effect of this approach on the way the history of the Achaemenid Empire (ca. ((550-ca. 330 BC) was written. Our central theme in this paper is the question of the connection between the Greek perspective on women and the reliability of narratives related to women in the accounts of Achaemenid history by Greek historians
Persian Female Weavers in the Persepolis Economy
No full textInternational audienceOne of the areas in the study of the Persepolis archives is that of dossiers on working groups. These rich sources can improve our comprehension of the economic mechanisms and administrative structures within the institutions of Persepolis. One particular group, the so-called pašap, has so far remained mysterious; a new unpublished discovery clarifies the nature of their work as weavers. Despite the inclusion of some male workers, pašap groups as a whole are often marked as female. In the present study, dozens of texts from the pašap dossier in the Persepolis Fortification Archive will be treated with special focus on the identification, rations, geography, and analysis of the procedure of work activities of these weavers through contextual analysis
review of Aliyari's The Elamite version of Darius the Great's inscription at Bisotun
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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