8 research outputs found
Spectral study of Isolated active compound of Kawal seeds oil (Cassia Obtusifolia
No full textهذا البحث بعنوان إستخلاص الزيوت الثابتة من بذورالكول وضبط جودة الزيوت وإجراء الإختبارات الفيزيائية والكيميائية والمسح الكيميائي للبذور لتحديد المواد الموجودة فيه وإستخلاص الزيت بواسطة جهاز السوكسليت بواسطة مذيب الهكسان العضوي وفحص كروماتوغرافيا الغاز للزيت لتحديد المركبات الموجودة فيه وعزلها.
وأثبتت الخواص الفيزيائية والكيميائية استخدام الزيت في الطعام والعلاج والمستخلص خالي من السموم والمواد الصابونية ويحتوي على أحماض دهنية حرة ورطوبة وقرينة يود مواد غير متصبنة ورماد ومحتوى الزيت ضئيل في البذور واللون أخضر.
نسبة الزيت المستخلص من نبات بذور الكول حوالي (6.67%)
الخواص الكيميائية للتحليل التقريبي مثل تقدير الرماد (10) ،الدهون (3.5) ،الرطوبة (10.59) الألياف (12) ،البروتين (27) والكربوهيدريدات (45.81).
الخواص الفيزوكيميائية لزيت الكول مثل معدل الأحماض (3.51) ،البايروكسيد (4.45) ،والمواد المتصبنة (185) ،والمواد غير المتصبنة (9.68) ،والمواد الأيودية (89.321) .
المسح الكيميائي للبذور حددت المركبات الموجودة فيه وهي الفلافونويد والتانينو الإسترويد والتربينات والفينول والصابونين .
ثم تم التعرف على ثلاثة وعشرون مركباً بإستخدام كروماتوغرافيا الغاز.
أوجد الزيت المستخلص من نبات بذورالكول خواص كيميائية وفيزيائية مختلفة
The regulation of labour and the state in the Sudan : a study of the relationship between the stage of social and economic development and the autonomy of labour relations law
No full textThe thesis is a study of labour regulation and the State in the
Sudan in the light of a general theoretical conception of labour law and
the State. The first Chapter defines the concepts of analysis that are
used throughout the study, isolates the "essential" properties of the
Capitalist State and Law from the historically concrete forms which they
assume in a particular society and distinguishes between processes which
influence development of the form of law and others which influence its
sociological development. Drawing on the analysis in Chapter I, Chapter
II exposes the inter-relationship between the Sudanese social formation,
State and Law and the implication of this inter-relationship for both the
form and substance of labour relations law. Chapters III, IV and V are
specific verifications of the hypothesis regarding the inter-relationship
between the State and labour relations law in the Sudan and that
regarding the development of the "substance" and "ideology" of law in
general.
The thesis considers law as an empirically-founded discipline.
But, it distinguishes between various types of empirical facts about law
corresponding with respective semi-autonomous social levels at which law
asserts its existence. The research method followed describes the
empirical facts about law at the particular level and, in order to
determine the epistemological significance of these facts, analytically
relates them to empirical facts at other levels. Wherever used in the
thesis the term "theory" signifies either this methodological procedure of
analysing the inter-connection of empirical facts at a certain level and
their inter-relation with other facts at other levels, or the substantive
generalizations about law which findings at these various levels would
allow.
I consider my application of this methodology to the study of
labour rela tions law, the historical dimension this application introduces
in socio-economic analysis of this law, the criticism of certain Marxist
and other sociological conceptions of law it enables, and the
socio-histor ical relativity of the "substance" and "ideology" of law it
reveals as original contributions to the knowledge of labour law. The
compilation and evaluation within the framework of the thesis of
empirical materials on industrial relations in the Sudan are likewise
original contribution to the knowledge of Sudanese "labour law" and
labour law in general
SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity are associated with genetic variants affecting gene expression in a variety of tissues
No full textVariability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene), including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types. © 2021 The Author(s
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Effects of organophosphates on neural and purified liver tissue transglutaminase
No full textTransglutaminase 2 (TGase 2) is a multifunctional calcium dependent enzyme that catalyzes protein modifications. TGase 2 is essential in neuronal cell differentiation and it has been reported that certain organophosphates are able to inhibit this process, and the organophosphate phenyl saligenin compound also disrupts TGase 2 activity. It has also been shown that the organophosphates chlorpyrifos (CPF) and chlorpyrifos oxon (CPFO), which cause developmental neurotoxicity, provoke several changes in differentiating rat C6 glioma cells at different levels. The aims of this thesis were to analyse the effects of CPF and CPFO on the TGases present in differentiating rat C6 glioma cells, to develop a new method for the purification of TGase 2 from guinea pig liver, to study possible direct interactions between TGase 2 and esterase inhibitors and to analyze a possible pathway for the externalisation of TGase 2.
In the presence of sodium butyrate, rat C6 glial cells differentiated into an astrocyte phenotype. Differentiation of the cells was associated with an increase in the activity, protein levels and gene expression of TGase 2. Differentiation in the presence of CPF or CPFO generated an increase in the activity of TGase 2, a decrease in its levels of gene expression but had no effect on the protein levels. These effects could be associated with a direct interaction between the organophosphates and TGase 2.
Chromatographic methods were developed to purify TGase 2 from guinea pig liver and the most effective one was a combination of ion exchange chromatography, protamine sulfate precipitation and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). The level of purity and yield obtained were superior to that of previously published methods. Furthermore, the final step of HIC could be applied directly to commercially available TGase 2 for the production of a highly purified TGase 2 sample.
When TGase 2 purified in this manner was assayed in the presence of CPF and CPFO, enzyme activity was observed to increase significantly, suggesting a direct interaction with TGase 2. By contrast, phenyl saligenin phosphate was found to inhibit TGase activity in vitro, which suggests a direct effect that may involve a different binding site and/or mechanism to CPF or CPFO. The aspartyl protease inhibitor pepstatin A was also able to inhibit directly TGase activity in vitro.
The final part of the project involved a short study of the potential association of TGase 2 with exosomes, in order to determine whether the latter might present a means of externalization of this enzyme. Exosomes purified from mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells were found to contain TGase 2, but its localization within the vesicles remains unclear
Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries
No full textBackground: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures. Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge. Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to sideeffects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (β coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and lowand middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not. Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely
COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a major public health threat, especially in countries with low vaccination rates. To better understand the biological underpinnings of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity, we formed the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative1. Here we present a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of up to 125,584 cases and over 2.5 million control individuals across 60 studies from 25 countries, adding 11 genome-wide significant loci compared with those previously identified2. Genes at new loci, including SFTPD, MUC5B and ACE2, reveal compelling insights regarding disease susceptibility and severity.</p
