103,413 research outputs found
Multiscale Modeling of Complex Materials. Phenomenological, theoretical and computational aspects (DOI 10.1007/ 978-3-7091-1812-2_3)
No full textPreface, by T. Sadowski, P. Trovalusci;
Atomistic-Continuum Couplings for Dynamic Fracture, by R. de Borst;
On the Method of Virtual Power in the Mechanics of Non-Classical Continua, by G. Del Piero;
Adaptive Concurrent Multi-level Modeling of Multi-scale Ductile Failure in Heterogeneous Metallic Materials, by S. Ghosh;
Fractals and Randomness in Mechanics of Materials, by M. Ostoja–Starzewski;
Modelling of Damage and Fracture Processes of Ceramic
Matrix Composites Under Mechanical Loading, by T. Sadowski
Multiscale Modeling of Damage in Composite Materials, by T. R. Talreja
Molecular Approaches for Multifield Continua: origins and
current developments, by P. Trovalusc
Sadowski, Dieter: Personal economy and labour policy
No full textBecker FG. Sadowski, Dieter: Personalökonomie und Arbeitspolitik. Zeitschrift für Personalforschung. 2006;20(4):393-400
POLITICAL ISLAM: Asking the Wrong Questions?
No full textThe empirical literature on political Islam is fairly rich and getting better, but theoretical interpretations of these data are still quite primitive. This gap is a product of Orientalist traditions that essentialize Islamic movements, a resulting lack of appreciation for their global diversity, and the inevitable politicization of the subject matter. This essay seeks not only to identify the most important studies in the field but to show how they suggest a typology, chronology, and problematic that might lead to more fruitful analysis in the future.ABDELMALEK A, 1963, DIOGENES, V44, P107; ABRAHAMIAN E, KHOMEINISM ESSAYS IS; Abrahamian Ervand, 1989, IRANIAN MOJAHEDIN; Abun-Nasr Jamil M., 1965, TIJANIYYA SUFI ORDER; Adelkhah Fariba, 2000, BEING MODERN IRAN; Ahmed A. S., 1992, POSTMODERNISM ISLAM; Akhavi Shahrough, 1980, RELIG POLITICS CONT; Almond G., 2003, STRONG RELIG RISE FU; Amir Rana Muhammad, 2004, A Z JEHADI ORG PAKIS; Ammerman Nancy T, 1987, BIBLE BELIEVERS FUND; [Anonymous], 2005, ECONOMIST; Arjomand Said Amir, 1989, TURBAN CROWN ISLAMIC; Auty R, 1993, SUSTAINING DEV MINER; Ayubi N., 1993, POLITICAL ISLAM RELI; Bayat Mangol, 1982, MYSTICISM DISSENT SO; BAYULGEN O, 2005, BUSINESS POLIT, P7; Berman Paul, 2003, TERROR LIBERALISM; Blanchard Christopher M, 2005, AL QAEDA STATEMENTS; Bowen John, 2003, ISLAM LAW EQUALITY I; Buehler Arthur F., 1998, SUFI HEIRS PROPHET I; BURKE J, 2004, ALQAEDA TRUE STORY R; Carapico Sheila, 1998, CIVIL SOC YEMEN POLI; Carpenter Joel A., 1997, REVIVE US AGAIN REAW; Chehabi Houchang, 1990, IRANIAN POLITICS REL; Cleveland William, 1985, ISLAM W SHAKIB ARSLA; Cole J., 1986, SHIISM SOCIAL PROTES; Crenshaw M., 1994, TERRORISM CONTEXT; Crystal Jill, 1990, OIL POLITICS GULF RU; Davis JM, 2003, MARTYRS: INNOCENCE, VENGEANCE, AND DESPAIR IN THE MIDDLE EAST, P1; *DEF SCI BOARD, 2004, TASK FORC STRAT COMM; DELCASTLLO D, 2001, CHRON HIGHER ED 0928, pA19; DELONG J, 2001, DEALING ISLAMIC REFO; Delong-Bas N. J., 2004, WAHHABI ISLAM REVIVA; Duverger M, 1954, POLITICAL PARTIES TH; ECIKELMAN D, 1996, MUSLIM POLITICS; EICKELMAN D, 1975, MOROCCAN ISLAM TRADI; Eickelman Dale F., 1985, KNOWLEDGE POWER MORO; ELLENS H, 2003, DESTRUCTIVE POWER RE, V1; Esmer Y., 2003, HUMAN VALUES SOCIAL, P35; Esposito J.L., 2001, MAKERS CONT ISLAM; FANDY M, 2001, SUADI ARABIA POLITIC; Fischer M. M. J., 1980, IRAN RELIG DISPUTE R; FORAN J, 1994, CENTURY REVOLUTIONS; Geertz Clifford, 1971, ISLAM OBSERVED RELIG; Geertz Clifford, 1976, RELIG JAVA; Gellner Ernest, 1994, CONDITIONS LIBERTY C; Gellner Ernest, 1977, PATRONS CLIENTS MEDI; GILSENAN M, 1983, RECOGNIZING ISLAM AN; HAMDI M, 1998, MAKING ISLAMIC LEADE; Hammoudi A., 1997, MASTER DISCIPLE CULT; HAMZEDH A, 2004, PATH HIZBULLAH; Harik Judith Palmer, 2004, HEZBOLLAH CHANGING F; HEFNER R, 2004, REMAKIGN MUSLIM POLI; Hefner R.W., 2000, CIVIL ISLAM MUSLIMS; Henry C. M., 2001, GLOBALIZATION POLITI; Hermansen Marcia, 1995, CONCLUSIVE ARGUMENT; Hooker M.B., 2003, INDONESIAN ISLAM SOC; Hudson Rex A., 2002, WHO BECOMES TERRORIS; Huntington S.P, 1995, CLASH CIVILIZATIONS; Inglehart Ronald, 2003, FOREIGN POLICY MAR, P67; JAHANBAKSH F, 2001, ISLAM DEMOCRACY MODE; Kalyvas SN, 2006, CAMB STUD COMPAR, P1, DOI 10.1017-CBO9780511818462; Karl T. L., 1997, PARADOX PLENTY OIL B; Kazemi Farhad, 1980, POVERTY REVOLUTION I; KEDIE N, 1972, SCH SAINTS SUFIS MUS; Kedourie Elie, 1994, DEMOCRACY ARAB POLIT; Kepel Gilles, 2003, JIHAD TRAIL POLITICA; Khalid Adeeb, 1999, POLITICS MUSLIM CULT; Kim Younkyoo, 2003, RESOURCE CURSE POSTC; KIMBALL C, 2002, WHEN RELIG BECOMES E; Kuczynski P-P, 2003, WASHINGTON CONSENSUS; KURZMAN C, 1998, LIBERAL ISLAM SOUREB; Lewis Bernard, 2002, WHAT WENT WRONG CLAS; Lewis Bernard, 1990, ATLANTIC MONTHLY, V266, P47; Lindqvist Sven, 2003, HIST BOMBING; LIPSET SM, 1959, AM POLIT SCI REV, V53, P69, DOI 10.2307-1951731; Lockman Zachary, 2004, CONTENDING VISIONS M; Luciani G., 1990, ARAB STATE; MAJID A, 2000, UNVEILING ISLAM POST; Mandaville P, 2001, TRANSNATIONAL MUSLIM; MARLIN R, 2004, WHAT DOES ALQAEDA WA; MARTIN W, 1996, GOD OUR SIDE RISE RL; Marty M.E., 1991, FUNDAMENTALISMS OBSE; Masud Muhammad Khalid, 2000, TRAVELLERS FAITH STU; McDermott Terry, 2005, PERFECT SOLDIERS HIJ; McKenna T, 1998, MUSLIM RULERS REBELS; Mitchell Richard, 1993, SOC MUSLIM BROTHERS; Moaddel M, 2002, JORDANIAN EXCEPTIONA; MOORE RI, 1991, FORMATION PERSECUTIN; Moslem Mehdi, 2002, FACTIONAL POLITICS P; MOUSSALLI A, 1993, RADICAL ISLAMIC FUND; Nakash Yitzhak, 2003, SHIIS IRAQ; NASR S, 1996, MAWDUDI MAKIGN ISLAM; Nasr S.V, 1994, VANGUARD ISLAMIC REV; Navaro-Yashin Y., 2002, FACES STATE SECULARI; Nirenberg David, 1998, COMMUNITIES VIOLENCE; NOMANI F, 1994, ISLAMIC EC SYSTEMS; Paden J., 1973, RELIG POLITICAL CULT; Pape Robert, 2005, DYING WIN STRATEGIC; Peletz Michael G., 2002, ISLAMIC MODERN RELIG; *PEW GLOB ATT SURV, 2005, ISL EXT COMM CONC MU; Rahnema Ali, 2000, ISLAMIC UTOPIAN POLI; Rashid Ahmed, 2000, TALIBAN MILITANT ISL; Reed Steven R., 1993, MAKING COMMON SENSE; Riesebrodt Martin, 1993, PIOUS PASSION EMERGE; Rizvi S. A. A., 1980, SHAH WALI ALLAH HIS; ROBERS P, 2004, END OIL EDGE PERILOU; Ross ML, 2001, WORLD POLIT, V53, P325, DOI 10.1353-wp.2001.0011; Roy O., 1994, FAILURE POLITICAL IS; Roy O., 2004, GLOBALIZED ISLAM SEA; ROY O, 1990, ISLAM RESISTASNCE AF; Roy Olivier, 2004, ISLAMIST NETWORKS AF; RUTHVEN M, 1986, ISLAM WORLD; Sadowski YM, 1998, MYTH GLOBAL CHAOS; Sageman M, 2004, UNDERSTANDING TERROR NETWORKS, P1; Said Edward, 2002, HARPERS MAGAZINE JUL, P69; Said Edward W., 1978, ORIENTALISM; Schatz Edward, 2004, MODERN CLAN POLITICS; Schwedler J., 1995, CIVIL SOC MIDDLE E P; SEVASTOPULO D, 2005, FINANC TIMES 0706; Simmons M., 2005, TWILIGHT DESERT COMI; Simone T. A. M., 1994, WHOSE IMAGE POLITICA; Stepan A, 2003, J DEMOCR, V14, P30, DOI 10.1353-jod.2003.0064; STERN J, 2003, TERROR NAME GOD RELI; TAMMAM H, 2003, MONDE DIPL; VARSHNEYA, 2003, ETHNIC CONFLICT CIVI; Verkaaik O., 2004, MIGRANTS MILITANTS F; Victor Barbara, 2003, ARMY ROSES INSIDE WO; Voll John O., 1994, ISLAM CONTINUITY CHA; Wickham Carrie Rosefsky, 2002, MOBILIZING ISLAM REL; WIKTOROWICZ Q, 2001, MANAGEMETN ISLAMIC A; Wiktorowicz Quintan, 2004, ISLAMIC ACTIVISM SOC; Wiktorowicz Quintan, 2001, MANAGEMENT ISLAMIC A; Wilcox Clyde, 2000, ONWARD CHRISTIAN SOL; WUTHNOW R, SAVING AM FAITH BASE; Yassini Ayman Al, 1985, RELIG STATE KINGDOM; Yavuz M.H., 2003, TURKISH ISLAM SECULA; YAVUZ MH, 2001, ISLAMIC POLITICAL ID; Zaman M. Q., 2002, ULAMA CONT ISLAM CUS; ZOGBY J, 2002, IMPRESSIONS AM; Zogby James, 2002, WHAT ARABS THINK109
Cultural Heritage Law and Natural Cultural Paradigms Within the Sustainable Development Discourse
No full textSince the 1968 s.-c. Bruntland Report, sustainable development has become increasingly important in the international agenda. After the controversial success of the Millennium Development Goals, their heirs — the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals — are beginning to show their potential. In such a scenario, the discourse over sustainability and sustainable development is attracting attention from the international community, as well as from states and stakeholders around the globe.
Renewed global attention to nature (as a key element that needs to be protected per se) together with the worldwide emerging field of cultural heritage law as an autonomous field of law has helped shed light on the interdependence of humans and their environment, as well as on the links between cultural heritage and the natural environment. In such a framework, cultural heritage has gradually infiltrated the sustainable development discourse.
The present work aims to analyze the diverse facets of the relationship between culture and nature to draw attention to the links between cultural heritage and sustainable development
Modelling polylactide/water/dioxane systems for TIPS scaffold fabrication
No full texthe representation of liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) in ternary systems composed by water, 1,4-dioxane and different grades of poly(lactic acid) (PDLLA and PLLA), has been addressed through the PC-SAFT equation of state (EoS), in which the scheme of induced association is used to represent the interaction between solvent (dioxane) and non-solvent (water). The model parameters devoted to the description of pure component properties, as well as those pertinent to the representation of thermodynamic behaviour of solvent/non-solvent mixtures, were tuned on the basis of specific pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) data for the corresponding systems. Only the binary parameters for polymer–solvent and polymer/non-solvent pairs were adjusted to obtain a useful representation of experimental LLE data for the ternary systems. A suitable description of the thermodynamic properties of ternary mixtures was obtained using temperature-independent binary interaction parameters in the range 25–80 °C, and the consistency of the approach in the entire composition range was verified against experimental solubility data specifically measured for the polymer/non-solvent pair. The model shows good ability in the description of the thermodynamic properties of the system and it represents a reliable tool for the prediction of LLE also at conditions different from those considered for its set-up. This approach thus represents a useful designing tool for processes, such as thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), used in the preparation of microporous polymeric scaffolds
Symplocos kowalewskii Sadowski et Hofmann 2023, comb. nov.
No full textSymplocos kowalewskii (Casp.) Sadowski et Hofmann comb. nov. et emend. Basionym: Stewartia kowalewskii Casp. 1872, p. 17 [no figure]. Holotype: X4088, figured in Figs. 1–3. Repository: Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschafen und Rohstoffe, BGR), Berlin, Germany. Plant Fossil Names Registry Number: PFN003014. Additional references. 1886 Stuartia kowalewskii Casp. —Conwentz, p. 63 [no figure]. 1890 Stuartia kowalewskii Casp. —Schenk, p. 517 [no figure]. 1921 Stewartia L.—Gothan, p. 391 [no figure]. 1929 Stuartia kowalewskii Casp. —Gothan, p. 114, Abb. 1 and figure on p. 128. 1 Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. 2 Institut für Paläontologie, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek Platz 2 (UZA 2), 1090 Wien, Austria. * email: [email protected] 1948 Stuartia L.—Gothan, p. 20, Abb. 9a, a1. 1954 Stuartia L.—Gothan and Weyland, p. 417 [no figure]. 1957 Stuartia kowalewskii —Kirchheimer, p. 584 [no figure]. 1964 Stuartia L.—Gothan and Weyland, p. 455 [no figure]. 1970 Stuartia kowalewskii Casp. —Rüffle and Helms, p. 247, pl. 2, fig. 2. 2000 Stuartia kowalewskii Casp. —Rüffle and Litke, p. 451, pl. II, fig. 1. Emended diagnosis. Petals fused at the base into a ring-like structure. Outer surface of ring covered with few long simple trichomes. Stamens numerous, almost as long as petals, arranged in three consecutive rows. Pollen tricolporate, occasionally tetracolporate, with short colpi (brevicolpate) and conspicuous vestibulate apertures, exine is tectate, perforate and scabrate to verrucate (light microscopy; LM), and perforate to microreticulate on short columellae with occasionally occurring supratectal verrucae and echini (scanning electron microscopy; SEM). Description. Corolla: 25–28 mm in diameter; petals five, fused at base (gamopetalous), linguiform to obovate, 7.2–9.3 × 11–13 mm, membranaceous, glabrous (Fig. 1a–e); at base forming a ring-like structure (Figs. 1e, 2c), 2.8 mm in diameter × 1 mm long, rim of ring 0.3 mm wide, covered with few trichomes (Fig. 2d). Trichomes simple, unbranched, acute, up to 880 µm long × 20 µm wide (Fig. 2d). Receptacle, calyx, and gynoecium: not preserved. Androecium: Stamens arranged in three rows, fused to base of petals (Fig. 2b), numerous,> 74 (Fig. 1c–e); filaments flattened, (5.3–) 8.22 (–11) mm long × (149–) 220 (–460) µm wide (middle part measured), base dilated (Fig. 2b), 240–260 µm wide, apex constricted (Fig. 2a); anthers with two thecae, basifixed, subglobose, (832–) 1073 (–1290) µm long × (832–) 911 (–1040) µm wide, base cordate, apex notched (Figs. 2a, 3a). Pollen: tricolporate to tetracolporate, with short colpi (= brevicolpate; Fig. 3b,c,e), oblate to subspheroidal with typical vestibulate apertures, outline in polar view ranges from triangular, triangular convex to circular (Fig. 3c–g), equatorial diameter 30–70 µm; the ratio of the length of the polar axes and colpi is variable ranging from 2.3 to 3.2 (N = 6); thickness of ektexine (tectum, columellae and footlayer) ca. 0.6 µm, tectum and columellae 0.2–0.3 µm thick and in apertural region ca. twice as thick (LM). In LM: ektexine seems tectate and shows perforate, scabrate to loosely verrucate sculpture (Fig. 3f). In SEM: ektexine sculpture is perforate to microreticulate with occasionally occurring supratectal verrucae [diameter 0.3–0.8 (–1.5 µm)] and few supratectal blunt echini (Fig. 3h–j). Colpus length 8–12 µm long, colpus width 3–4 µm in the equator area, colpus apex weakly pointed; supratectal verrucae ofen fused at margo of ectoaperture into a rim-like structure (Fig. 3j); colpus membrane is microverrucate; endoporus ca. 5–6 µm high (width not discernable, but endoaperture appears to be more lalongate in outline). Remarks. The fossil was first published as Stewartia kowalewskii Casp. (Theaceae; also occasionally spelled Stuartia 20), but not figured and only briefly described as a well preserved pentamerous corolla of 28 mm in diameter with attached stamens 18, 21. Since then, the flower inclusion was frequently mentioned by various authors and occasionally figured over the last decades 22 – 29. However, it was never documented in detail nor its identification thoroughly assessed. Kirchheimer 30 considered the fossil as similar to Stewartia I.Lawson but thought that the corolla did not provide sufficient evidence to demonstrate affinities to Stewartia. Affinities to the Theaceae, specifically the Camellioidae, were further suggested 31, 32 but never unambiguously proven. Indeed, the inclusion resembles members of the Camellioideae (including Stewartia) in, for example, the basally connate and numerous (uncountable) stamens arranged in rows; the basifixed anthers (basifixed in some Camellia L. species, but dorsifixed in Stewartia) which lack an apical prolongation of the connective; the length of filaments, which are nearly as long as the petals; and the basally fused corolla 32 – 36 (Table 1). According to Tsou 37, 38, the only diagnostic character of the Camellioideae is the presence of pseudopollen in the connective of the anthers. We could not detect any pseudopollen in the anthers of the amber specimen. However, we are aware that despite the exquisite preservation of the amber specimen, the presence of such pseudopollen would be difficult to assess because it is rather small and inserted into the connective. The extracted pollen of the fossil shows distinct features of Symplocos Jacq. (Symplocaceae) as it exhibits: tricolporate apertures with short colpi (polar axes/colpus length ratio), oblate to subspheroidal shape with a triangular to circular outline in polar view and conspicuous vestibulum. Tectum sculpture and ornamentation is variable: densely verrucate, rugulate to verrucate, a combination of rugulate to microreticulate, perforate, microverrucate, and microreticulate with or without supratectal ornamentation 39. Additionally, the combination of gross morphological characters is also indicative for Symplocos (Symplocaceae), including gamopetalous corolla, androecium adnate to corolla, stamen non-monadelphous and numerous in three consecutive series, filaments thin and constricted at apex, anthers subglobose with two thecae 40. According to Fritsch et al. 40, the Symplocaceae encompass two genera, Symplocos and Cordyloblaste Hensch. Ex Moritzi. However, in Cordyloblaste, the stamens are fused (monadelphous), androecium adnation to the corolla is roughly to the midpoint of the corolla, and petals are coriaceous 40. The pollen of Symplocos and Cordyloblaste share some similarities but can be distinguished by the supratectal ornamentation, which is present in Symplocos and S. kowalewskii, but lacking in Cordyloblaste 40 – 42. Symplocos subgenus Palura (G.Don) P.W.Fritsch (with only one species, S. paniculata Miq.) and Symplocos subgenus Symplocos are distinguished by characters that are mainly not preserved in the fossil, e.g., the numbers of carpels of the gynoecium. However, filaments of S. paniculata are terete and not constricted apically 40, whereas they are flattened in the amber specimen and taper towards the anthers. Moreover, in contrast to the amber specimen, the pollen of S. paniculata is rather small (26–28 µm in diameter) and has a triangular to concave triangular outline in polar view. Furthermore, the pollen of S. paniculata is unique in the rugulate to microreticulate sculpture with perforations and fossulae in between the rugulae, producing a bireticulated pattern. Also as opposed to the amber specimen, pollen of S. paniculata has no supratectal ornamentation 43, 44. Therefore, the amber specimen is more closely affiliated with Symplocos subgenus Symplocos. As based on phylogenetic analysis, this subgenus is divided into taxa (corresponding to clades), including Symplocos sections Barberina A.DC., Lodhra G.Don and Symplocos. The latter is divided into series Symplocos and Urbaniocharis (Brand) P. W.Fritsch 40. The fossil can be excluded from sect. Symplocos based on the combination of its large size (thus excluding series Urbaniocharis, the species of which have corollas <10 mm long 45), the non-monadelphous stamens (in series Symplocos, stamens are connate roughly halfway), and the androecial adnation merely at the base of the corolla (androecium is adnate about halfway to the corolla in series Symplocos). Moreover, within series Symplocos, the informal group (clade) “ Neosymplocos ” is distinguished from the fossil by its pubescent filaments 40. The remaining sections Barberina and Lohdra can only be effectively compared to the amber fossil on the basis of pollen morphology. About 86 extant Symplocos pollen species have been documented in the literature 41, 42, 44, 46, 47. However, the documentation of sculpture variation of extant as well as fossil Symplocos pollen with SEM is incomplete because most pollen images are depicted only with light microscopy 48. In comparing the available extant Symplocos pollen types with those from S. kowalewskii, only a few Asian species resemble the amber specimen in shape, size, outline and ektexine sculpture and supratectal ornamentation, namely S. obtusa Wall., S. pergracilis (Nakai) Yamazaki, S. tanakae Matsamura, and to a lesser extent S. pseudobarberina Gontscharow (all of S. section Lodhra). These species are all characterized by a perforate to microreticulate tectum and supratectal verrucae and occasional supratectal echini 40, 42, which is somewhat similar to S. kowalewskii. However, the density, number and sizes of these supratectal elements differ from those in S. kowalewskii and vary considerably among the named extant species (quite dense in S. tanakae, larger and more loose or regularly distributed in the other species). In section Barberina, some resemblance occurs in the tectum of S. variabilis 49; however, the overall shape and the rounded apex of the colpus differ from the states of S. kowalewskii. Among the fossil record, pollen of S. kowalewskii resembles two fossil Symplocos pollen types from the early Oligocene Haselbach locality (Germany 43, Symplocos sp. 2 and sp. 8) in being microreticulate to foveolate or perforate with supratectal verrucae and baculae. As in S. kowalewskii, these pollen types bear similarities to the extant Asian species S. obtusa, S. pergracilis, S. tanakae and S. pseudobarberina. All in all, the flower and pollen morphology of the amber inclusion is indicative enough to justify its assignment to Symplocos subgenus Symplocos with the new combination Symplocos kowalewskii (Casp.) Sadowski et Hofmann comb. nov. et emend. Based on the available literature, comparisons of S. kowalewskii with extant and fossil Symplocos indicates affinities to Asian taxa, especially to some species in S. section Lodhra. However, future studies that comprehensively document pollen of Symplocaceae are necessary to elucidate distinct affinities of S. kowalewskii to extinct and modern lineages of the family.Published as part of Sadowski, Eva-Maria & Hofmann, Christa-Charlotte, 2023, The largest amber-preserved flower revisited, pp. 17 in Scientific Reports 13 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24549-z, http://zenodo.org/record/753548
Cloud-point curves of ethylene-(meth)acrylate copolymers in fluid ethene up to high pressures and temperatures - experimental study and PC-SAFT modeling
No full textCloud-point pressures of ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid ester copolymers in supercritical ethene have been measured to maximum pressures and temperatures of 3000 bar and 533 K, respectively. The copolymers under investigation were prepared in a continuously operated stirred tank reactor (CSTR), which ensures production of chemically homogeneous polymer. After isolation and purification of the copolymer, the phase behavior was mapped out in a discontinuously operated high-pressure cell. The influence of the type and of the content of (meth)acrylate units within the copolymer on cloud-point behavior in mixtures with ethene was systematically studied for ethylene-ethyl acrylate (poly(E-co-EA)), ethylene-propyl acrylate (poly(E-co-PA)), ethylene-methyl methacrylate (poly(E-co-MMA)), and ethylene-butyl methacrylate (poly(E-co-BMA)) copolymers mostly covering the entire comonomer composition range including the limiting homopolymer systems ethene-polyethylene and ethene-poly(meth)acrylate. The data is compared with previously measured cloud-point pressures for ethylene-methyl acrylate and ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymers in fluid ethene. Starting from the limiting ethene-polyethylene system, cloud-point pressures decrease upon increasing the content of polar comonomer segments. For poly(E-co-MA), poly(E-co-EA), poly(E-co-MMA), and poly(E-co-BMA) this tendency is reversed at higher (meth)acrylic acid ester contents where the cloud-point pressures increase again. No such minimum in cloud-point pressure as a function of comonomer content occurs with poly(E-co-PA) and poly(E-co-BA). The variation of cloud-point pressure with copolymer composition is assigned to effects resulting from (i) short-chain branches on the polymer backbone, (ii) intersegmental interactions of carbonyl groups being shielded to different extents by the various types of alkyl ester groups, and (iii) "entropy penalty" contributions associated with the introduction of the a-methyl groups in case of the methacrylates. The experimental cloud-point-pressure curves are satisfactorily modeled by the Perturbed-chain (PC)-statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) equation of state. The entire set of pure-component parameters and the three binary interaction parameters are independent of temperature, pressure and polymer molecular weight. The parameters from PC-SAFT modeling allow for estimates of the cloud-point behavior of ethene-poly(E-co-(meth)acrylate) systems in wide ranges of pressure and temperature. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Phase equilibria in polydisperse and associating copolymer solutions: Poly (ethene-co-(meth)acrylic acid)-monomer mixtures
No full textPhase equilibria of copolymer-monomer mixtures have been modeled on the basis of experimental cloud-point pressure curves for poly(ethene-co-acrylic acid) and for poly(ethene-co-methacrylic acid). The monomer system was ethene. In case of poly(ethene-co-acrylic acid), in addition, ethene-acrylic acid mixtures were used as the solvent. The association term of the PC-SAFT equation of state has been extended to account for the polydispersity of the copolymer samples. For this purpose, two pseudo-components were introduced for each copolymer. The amount and the molecular weight of these components were related to the number and weight averages of the copolymer material, M-n and M-w, respectively. For the strongly hydrogen-bonded systems, the influence on cloud-point pressures of copolymer composition and of molecular weight distribution can be adequately described by PC-SAFT modeling with temperature-independent parameters. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Coronary bypass surgery with or without surgical ventricular reconstruction
No full textCoronary bypass surgery with or without surgical ventricular reconstruction.
Jones RH, Velazquez EJ, Michler RE, Sopko G, Oh JK, O'Connor CM, Hill JA, Menicanti L, Sadowski Z, Desvigne-Nickens P, Rouleau JL, Lee KL; STICH Hypothesis 2 Investigators.
Collaborators (379)Bochenek A, Krejca M, Trusz-Gluza M, Wita K, Zembala M, Przybylski R, Kukulski T, Cherniavsky A, Marchenko A, Romanov A, Wos S, Deja M, Golba K, Kot J, Rao V, Iwanochko M, Renton J, Hemeon S, Rogowski J, Rynkiewicz A, Betlejewski P, Sun B, Crestanello J, Binkley P, Chang J, Ferrazzi P, Gavazzi A, Senni M, Sadowski J, Kapelak B, Sobczyk D, Wrobel K, Pirk J, Jandova R, Velazquez E, Smith P, Milano C, Adams P, Menicanti L, Di Donato M, Castelvecchio S, Dagenais F, Dussault G, Dupree C, Sheridan B, Schuler C, Yii M, Prior D, Mack J, Racine N, Bouchard D, Ducharme A, Lavoignat J, Maurer G, Grimm M, Lang I, Adlbrecht C, Religa Z, Biederman A, Szwed H, Sadowski Z, Rajda M, Ali I, Howlett J, MacFarlane M, Siepe M, Beyersdorf F, Cuerten C, Wiechowski S, Mokrzycki K, Hill J, Beaver T, Olitsky D, Bernstein V, Janusz M, O'Neill V, Grayburn P, Hebeler R, Hamman B, Aston S, Gradinac S, Vukovic M, Djokovic L, Benetis R, Jankauskiene L, Friedrich I, Buerke M, Paraforos A, Quaini E, Cirillo M, Chua L, Lim C, Kwok B, Kong S, Stefanelli G, Labia C, Bergh C, Gustafsson C, Daly R, Rodeheffer R, Nelson S, Maitland A, Isaac D, Holland M, Di Benedetto G, Attisano T, Sievers H, Schunkert H, Stierle U, Haddad H, Hendry P, Donaldson J, Birjiniuk V, Harrington M, Nawarawong W, Woragidpunpol S, Kuanprasert S, Mekara W, Konda S, Neva C, Hathaway W, Groh M, Blakely J, Lamy A, Demers C, Rizzo T, Drazner M, DiMaio J, Joy J, Benedik J, Marketa K, Beghi C, De Blasi M, Helou J, Dallaire S, Kron I, Kern J, Bergin J, Phillips J, Aldea G, Verrier E, Harrison L, Piegas L, Paulista P, Farsky P, Veiga-Kantorowitz C, Philippides G, Shemin R, Thompson J, White H, Alison P, Stewart R, Clapham T, Rich J, Herre J, Pine L, Kalil R, Nesralla I, Santos M, Pereira de Moraes M, Michler R, Swayze R, Arnold M, McKenzie N, Smith J, Nicolau J, Oliveira S, Stolf N, Ferraz M, Filgueira J, Batlle C, Rocha A, Gurgel Camara A, Huynh T, Cecere R, Finkenbine S, St-Jacques B, Ilton M, Wittstein I, Conte J, Breton E, Panza J, Boyce S, McNulty M, Starnes V, Lopez B, Biederman R, Magovern J, Dean D, Grant S, Hammon J, Wells G, De Pasquale C, Knight J, Healy H, Maia L, Souza A, McRae R, Pierson M, Gullestad L, Sorensen G, Murphy E, Ravichandran P, Avalos K, Horowitz J, Owen E, Ascheim D, Naka Y, Yushak M, Gerometta P, Arena V, Borghini E, Johnsson P, Ekmehag B, Engels K, Rosenblum W, Swayze R, Amanullah A, Krzeminska-Pakula M, Drozdz J, Larbalestier R, Wang X, Busmann C, Horkay F, Szekely L, Keltai M, Hetzer R, Knosalla C, Nienkarken T, Chiariello L, Nardi P, Arom K, Ruengsakulrach P, Hayward C, Jansz P, Stuart S, Oto O, Sariomanoglu O, Dignan R, French J, Gonzalez M, Edes I, Szathmarine V, Yakub M, Sarip S, Alotti N, Lupkovics G, Smedira N, Pryce J, Cokkinos D, Palatianos G, Kremastinos D, Stewart R, Rinkes L, Esrig B, Baptiste M, Booth D, Ramaiah C, Ferraris V, Menon S, Martin L, Couper G, Rosborough D, Vanhaecke J, Strijckmans A, Carson P, Dupree C, Miller A, Pina I, Selzman C, Wertheimer J, Goldstein S, Cohn F, Hlatky M, Kennedy K, Rankin S, Robbins R, Zaret B, Rouleau J, Desvigne-Nickens P, Jones R, Lee K, Michler R, O'Connor C, Oh J, Rankin G, Velazquez E, Hill J, Beyersdorf F, Bonow R, Desvigne-Nickens P, Jones R, Lee K, Oh J, Panza J, Rouleau J, Sadowski Z, Velazquez E, White H, Jones R, Velazquez E, O'Connor C, Rankin G, Sellers M, Sparrow-Parker B, McCormick A, Albright J, Dandridge R, Rittenhouse L, Wagstaff D, Wakeley N, Burns S, Williams M, Bailey D, Parrish L, Daniels H, Grissom G, Medlin K, Lee K, She L, McDaniel A, Lokhnygina Y, Greene D, Moore V, Pohost G, Agarwal S, Apte P, Bahukha P, Chow M, Chu X, Doyle M, Forder J, Ocon M, Reddy V, Santos N, Tripathi R, Varadarajan P, Oh J, Blahnik F, Bruce C, Lin G, Manahan B, Miller D, Miller F, Pellikka P, Springer R, Welper J, Wiste H, Mark D, Anstrom K, Baloch K, Burnette A, Clapp-Channing N, Cowper P, Davidson-Ray N, Drew L, Harding T, Hunt V, Knight D, Patterson A, Redick T, Sanderford B, Feldman A, Bristow M, Chan T, Diamond M, Maisel A, Mann D, McNamara D, Bonow R, Berman D, Helmer D, Holly T, Leonard S, Woods M, Panza J, McNulty M, Grayburn P, Aston S.
SourceDuke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. [email protected]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Surgical ventricular reconstruction is a specific procedure designed to reduce left ventricular volume in patients with heart failure caused by coronary artery disease. We conducted a trial to address the question of whether surgical ventricular reconstruction added to coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG) would decrease the rate of death or hospitalization for cardiac causes, as compared with CABG alone.
METHODS: Between September 2002 and January 2006, a total of 1000 patients with an ejection fraction of 35% or less, coronary artery disease that was amenable to CABG, and dominant anterior left ventricular dysfunction that was amenable to surgical ventricular reconstruction were randomly assigned to undergo either CABG alone (499 patients) or CABG with surgical ventricular reconstruction (501 patients). The primary outcome was a composite of death from any cause and hospitalization for cardiac causes. The median follow-up was 48 months.
RESULTS: Surgical ventricular reconstruction reduced the end-systolic volume index by 19%, as compared with a reduction of 6% with CABG alone. Cardiac symptoms and exercise tolerance improved from baseline to a similar degree in the two study groups. However, no significant difference was observed in the primary outcome, which occurred in 292 patients (59%) who were assigned to undergo CABG alone and in 289 patients (58%) who were assigned to undergo CABG with surgical ventricular reconstruction (hazard ratio for the combined approach, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.84 to 1.17; P=0.90).
CONCLUSIONS: Adding surgical ventricular reconstruction to CABG reduced the left ventricular volume, as compared with CABG alone. However, this anatomical change was not associated with a greater improvement in symptoms or exercise tolerance or with a reduction in the rate of death or hospitalization for cardiac causes. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00023595.
Bibliographie Hilarion G. Petzold 1958 – 2009 mit Anhang als Einführung
No full textDieses Archiv enthält die Gesamtbibliographie der Werke des Autors nebst einiger Texte „Über H. G. Petzold“ im Schlussteil der Bibliographie sowie einen Anhang mit einer Einführung in die Architektur des Werkes in seinem wissenslogischen Aufbau als Ausarbeitung seines „Tree of Science Modells“ (2007).This archive contains the complete bibliography of the author and some texts about H. G. Petzold, moreover an epilogue with an introduction to the architecture of the works in its epistemological structure and composition and as an elaborations of Petzold’s „Tree of Science Modell (2007).https://www.fpi-publikation.de/polyloge/01-2009-petzold-h-g-gesamtbibliographie-h-g-petzold-1958-2009-updating-november2009/peerReviewedpublishedVersio
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