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G7 ülkelerinin ticari diplomasisi: ABD ve Japonya karşılaştırması
Get PDFDış Ticaret Enstitüsü, Uluslararası Ticaret Ana Bilim Dalı, Uluslararası Ticaret Bilim DalıBu çalışma, Amerika ve Japonya'nın ticari diplomasisini karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu iki ülkeyi daha detaylı incelemek için öncelikle Amerika ve Japonya'nın ana üyeleri olduğu Yediler Grubu'nun ekonomileri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma, bu gruptaki üye ülkelerin konumunu ve bunun dünya ekonomisine etkisini değerlendirdikten sonra, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Japonya arasındaki ekonomik ilişkilerin geleceğine dair bir perspektif sunmaktadır. Ayrıca G7 ülkelerinin ekonomik, siyasi, güvenlik ve teknolojik alanlarda yaratabileceği fırsatlara ve üyeler arasında anlaşmazlıklar, gelişmekte olan ekonomilerle iş birliği eksikliği gibi olası zorluklara da işaret edilmektedir. Aslında bu çalışmanın ana odağı Amerika ile Japonya arasındaki politik- ekonomik ilişkilerdir. Bu çalışma Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Japonya arasındaki ekonomik ilişkinin güçlü ve karşılıklı yarara dayalı olduğunu göstermektedir. İki ekonomi, mal ve hizmet ticareti yoluyla oldukça bütünleşmiştir; bunlar birbirlerinin ihracatı için büyük pazarlar ve önemli ithalat kaynaklarıdır. Daha da önemlisi, Japonya ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri sermaye akışı açısından birbirine yakındır, ayrıca Japonya, ABD ulusal borcunun ana dış finansman kaynağıdır ve öngörülebilir gelecekte de bu şekilde kalması muhtemeldir. Ancak ilişkileri, özellikle güvenlik ve siyasi alanlarda da zorluklarla karşı karşıya kaldı. Aynı zamanda iki ülke, ortak düşmanları olan Çin'den gelebilecek herhangi bir tehdidi en aza indirmek için birbirleriyle yakın iş birliği yapmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yedili Grup, Ekonomik İlişkiler, Ticari Diplomasi, Amerika Ekonomisi, Japonya EkonomisiThe present study aims to compare the commercial diplomacy of America and Japan. To further examine these two countries, first of all, the economies of the Group of Seven countries, of which America and Japan are the main members, are examined. After evaluating the position of the member countries in this group and its impact on the world economy, the present study provides a perspective of the future of the economic relations between the United States and Japan. It also points to the opportunities that the G7 countries can create in the economic, political, security and technological fields and possible challenges such as disagreements between members and lack of cooperation with emerging economies. In fact, the main focus of this study is the political-economic relations between America and Japan. The present study shows that the economic relationship between the United States and Japan is strong and mutually beneficial. The two economies are highly integrated through trade in goods and services – they are large markets for each other's exports and important sources of imports. More importantly, Japan and the United States are close to each other through capital flows. In addition, Japan is the main source of foreign financing for the US national debt and is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. But their relations have also faced challenges, especially in the security and political fields. At the same time, the two countries are working closely with each other to minimize any threat from their common enemy which is China. Key Words: Group of Seven, Economic Relations, Commercial Diplomacy, American Economy, Japanese Econo
Trade relations of G7 countries: USA and Japan
No full text1975 yılında politik ve ekonomik bir forum olarak Kanada, Fransa, Almanya, İtalya, Japonya, Birleşik Krallık ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin bir araya gelmesiyle kurulan G7 (Group of Seven) dünya ekonomisindeki önemini her geçen gün artırmaktadır. Bu birlik içerisindeki ABD dünyanın en büyük ekonomisi olurken onu Çin’in ardından üçüncü sırada Japonya izlemektedir. Özgürlük, demokrasi ve insan hakları gibi temel değerleri paylaşan G7'nin liderleri, G7 Zirvelerinde küresel ekonomi, bölgesel ilişkiler ve çeşitli küresel sorunlar gibi uluslararası toplumun o dönemde karşı karşıya olduğu önemli zorluklar konusunda samimi görüş alışverişinde bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede ABD ve Japonya arasındaki siyasi ve ekonomik ilişikler ele alınmaktadır. Ayrıca iki ülkenin üyeleri olduğu Yediler Grubu'nun ülke ekonomileri de incelenmektedir. Çalışmada, G7 grubundaki üye ülkelerin konumunu ve dünya ekonomisine olan etkilerini değerlendirildikten sonra, ABD ile Japonya arasındaki ekonomik ilişkilerin geleceğine dair bir perspektif sunulmaktadır. Çalışma sonucunda ABD-Japonya ittifakının Hint-Pasifik stratejisinin merkezine yerleştirildiği ve bölgesel diplomatik, güvenlik ve ekonomik girişimlerde koordinasyon ve iş birliği yapıldığı gözlemlenmiştir.G7 (Group of Seven), which was established in 1975 as a political and economic forum by the coming together of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States, is increasing its importance in the world economy day by day. While the USA within this union is the world's largest economy, it is followed by Japan in third place after China. Sharing core values such as freedom, democracy and human rights, the leaders of the G7 exchange candid views at the G7 Summits on important challenges facing the international community at that time, such as the global economy, regional relations and various global issues. This article discusses the political and economic relations between the USA and Japan. In addition, the economies of the Group of Seven, of which the two countries are members, are also examined. In the study, after evaluating the position of the member countries in the G7 group and their impact on the world economy, a perspective on the future of economic relations between the USA and Japan is presented. As a result of the study, it was observed that the US-Japan alliance was placed at the center of the Indo-Pacific strategy and there was coordination and cooperation in regional diplomatic, security and economic initiatives
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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