193,449 research outputs found
The Recent History of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
No full textSeminar TranscriptPsychiatric diagnosis is controversial and is regarded by some principally as a means of reinforcing the vested interests of medical professionals and pharmaceutical companies. On the other hand, the phenomena that are described in clinical psychiatric practice are real and clearly extend across time and between cultures. ‘In every culture there is some notion of emotional or psychological difference. Not all cultures identify these differences in the same way, nor do they use identical terms. Equally, however no culture is indifferent to those who are sad, frightened or unintelligible in their conduct.’ 1 The description and diagnosis of Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) or ‘winter depression’ is a comparatively recent development which provides an unrivalled opportunity to explore the construction of a psychopathological entity through the relevant peer-reviewed publications, as well as the professional and public reaction to these scientific discoveries. This Witness Seminar provides a riveting insight into the thinking of some key protagonists, both the scientists who developed the diagnosis of SAD as well as those for whom this new clinical entity resonated so clearly with their own experiences. What is the point of diagnosis? Ideally a diagnosis should point to a particular disease process, though even in general medicine this is often not the case. However, in a pragmatic sense the value of diagnosis is that it enables a group of people manifesting particular clinical phenomena to be identified as sharing a common prognosis and response to treatment – in the case of SAD a therapeutic response to artificial bright light. Indeed with SAD, it may be that increasing knowledge about the circadian effects of bright light stimulated a search for medical conditions in which it might be effective, that is, in some sense the availability of a treatment led to the identification of the condition. How truly recent is the identification of SAD as a diagnostic entity? In fact, seasonal variation in mood disorder has long been recognized and Rosenthal and colleagues (1984) quote the eminent nineteenth-century psychiatrist, Emil Kraepelin, as commenting in his standard textbook: ‘Repeatedly I saw in these cases moodiness set in in autumn and pass over in spring ... corresponding in a certain sense to the emotional changes which come over even healthy individuals at the changes of the seaso
Sad-Loser Lottery
No full textWe consider lotteries with reimbursements. It turns out that without loss of generality it is enough analyze lotteries where the winner gets her expenses reimbursed. We find that such a lottery (Sad-Loser) has multiple pure-strategy equilibria. We describe all equilibria and discuss their properties. In particular, we find (1) a sufficient condition for the net total spending to be higher in the Sad-Loser lottery than in the standard lottery, (2) that the Exclusion Principle holds.
The Pisum sativum SAD short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase: quinone reduction, tissue distribution, and heterologous expression
No full textThe pea (Pisum sativum) tetrameric short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase-like protein (SAD) family consists of at least three highly similar members (SAD-A, -B, and -C). According to mRNA data, environmental stimuli induce SAD expression (Brosché and Strid (1999) Plant Physiol 121: 479-487). The aim of this study was to characterize the SAD proteins by examining their catalytic function, distribution in pea, and induction in different tissues. In enzyme activity assays using a range of potential substrates, the SAD-C enzyme was shown to reduce one- or two-ring membered quinones lacking long hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. Immunological assays using a specific antiserum against the protein, demonstrated that different tissues and cell types were shown to contain small amounts of SAD protein that was predominantly located within epidermal or sub-epidermal cells and around vascular tissue. Particularly high local concentrations were observed in the protoderm of the seed cotyledonary axis. Two bow-shaped rows of cells in the ovary and the placental surface facing the ovule also exhibited considerable SAD staining. UV-B irradiation led to increased staining in epidermal and sub-epidermal cells of leaves and stems. The different localization patterns of SAD suggest functions in both development and in responses to environmental stimuli. Finally, the pea SAD-C promoter was shown to confer heterologous wound-induced expression in Arabidopsis thaliana, which confirmed that the inducibility of its expression is regulated at the transcriptional level
Sad Iron Heater.
No full textPatent for sad iron heaters: "a device for heating sad irons, and it has for its object to provide a heater adapted to receive a plurality of irons" (lines 8-11)
Penerjemahan adaptasi cerita anak bergambar bak?r sad?q al-sigh?r karya amr samir atef ke bahasa betawi
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerjemahkan cerita anak bergambar Bak?r Sad?q al-Sigh?r Karya Amr Samir Atef. Kemudian menjelaskan pertanggungjawaban dari Bsu yaitu bahasa Arab ke Bsa yaitu bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode penerjemahan adaptasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif-deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa: Penerapan metode penerjemahan adaptasi cerita anak bergambar Bak?r Sad?q al-Sigh?r menggunakan empat strategi: mendahulukan dan mengakhirkan, menambahkan, membuang, dan mengganti. Mengetahui bagaimana proses penerjemahan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti terhadap cerita anak bergambar Bak?r Sad?q al-Sigh?rxiii,54 hlm,25 c
Penerjemahan adaptasi cerita anak bergambar bak?r sad?q al-sigh?r karya amr samir atef ke bahasa betawi
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerjemahkan cerita anak bergambar Bak?r Sad?q al-Sigh?r Karya Amr Samir Atef. Kemudian menjelaskan pertanggungjawaban dari Bsu yaitu bahasa Arab ke Bsa yaitu bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode penerjemahan adaptasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif-deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa: Penerapan metode penerjemahan adaptasi cerita anak bergambar Bak?r Sad?q al-Sigh?r menggunakan empat strategi: mendahulukan dan mengakhirkan, menambahkan, membuang, dan mengganti. Mengetahui bagaimana proses penerjemahan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti terhadap cerita anak bergambar Bak?r Sad?q al-Sigh?rxiii,54 hlm,25 c
Penerjemahan adaptasi cerita anak bergambar bak?r sad?q al-sigh?r karya amr samir atef ke bahasa betawi
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerjemahkan cerita anak bergambar Bak?r Sad?q al-Sigh?r Karya Amr Samir Atef. Kemudian menjelaskan pertanggungjawaban dari Bsu yaitu bahasa Arab ke Bsa yaitu bahasa Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode penerjemahan adaptasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif-deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa: Penerapan metode penerjemahan adaptasi cerita anak bergambar Bak?r Sad?q al-Sigh?r menggunakan empat strategi: mendahulukan dan mengakhirkan, menambahkan, membuang, dan mengganti. Mengetahui bagaimana proses penerjemahan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti terhadap cerita anak bergambar Bak?r Sad?q al-Sigh?rxiii,54 hlm,25 c
Sad music depresses sad adolescents: A listener’s profile
No full textThis research explored both social context and personal characteristics in relation to being saddened
by sad music when in a sad mood. Overall, 1686 respondents (aged 12–16 years; 44% female; 68%
vocational training) answered questions about their background, social context (family climate,
bullying issues), personal characteristics (depressive mood, self-esteem, social comparison style), and
the degree to which they were saddened by listening to sad music. About 17% of the participants
reported saddened mood as a consequence of listening to sad music when sad. Multivariate linear
regression results revealed that female respondents and those who reported elevated levels of depressive
mood and negative social comparison to peers were more likely to feel saddened. These young people
further showed strained peer relations, as indicated by being bullied on social network sites and the
Internet. Harsh family climate and low self-esteem correlated with the saddened mood-inducing effect
of sad music, although they were not significant in multivariate analysis. This pattern of person and
context relations with saddened mood was identical for girls and boys. Adolescents generally seek
music that is mood-congruent; however, this research questioned whether adolescents with problems
should dwell on music that reflects their unhappy state, as this may worsen their mood
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A Sad Tale
No full text4 pages, 1 article*A Sad Tale* (Whitlock, J. H.; Georgi, J. R.; Robson, D. S.) 4 page
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