263 research outputs found
Singularities in sub-Riemannian geometry
No full textNous étudions les relations qui existent entre des aspects de la géométrie sous-riemannienne et une diversité de singularités typiques dans ce contexte.Avec les théorèmes de Whitney sous-riemanniens, nous conditionnons l’existence de prolongements globaux de courbes horizontales définies sur des fermés à des hypothèses de non-singularité de l’application point-final dans l’approximation nilpotente de la variété.Nous appliquons des méthodes perturbatives pour obtenir des asymptotiques sur la longueur de courbes localement minimisantes perdant leur optimalité proche de leur point de départ dans le cas des variétés sous-riemanniennes de contact de dimension arbitraire. Nous décrivons la géométrie du lieu singulier et prouvons sa stabilité dans le cas des variétés de dimension 5.Nous introduisons une construction permettant de définir des champs de directions à l’aide de couples de champs de vecteurs. Ceci fournit une topologie naturelle pour analyser la stabilité des singularités de champs de directions sur des surfaces.We investigate the relationship between features of of sub-Riemannian geometry and an array of singularities that typically arise in this context.With sub-Riemannian Whitney theorems, we ensure the existence of global extensions of horizontal curves defined on closed set by requiring a non-singularity hypothesis on the endpoint-map of the nilpotent approximation of the manifold to be satisfied.We apply perturbative methods to obtain asymptotics on the length of short locally-length-minimizing curves losing optimality in contact sub-Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary dimension. We describe the geometry of the singular set and prove its stability in the case of manifolds of dimension 5.We propose a construction to define line fields using pairs of vector fields. This provides a natural topology to study the stability of singularities of line fields on surfaces
Singularités en géométrie sous-riemannienne
No full textWe investigate the relationship between features of of sub-Riemannian geometry and an array of singularities that typically arise in this context.With sub-Riemannian Whitney theorems, we ensure the existence of global extensions of horizontal curves defined on closed set by requiring a non-singularity hypothesis on the endpoint-map of the nilpotent approximation of the manifold to be satisfied.We apply perturbative methods to obtain asymptotics on the length of short locally-length-minimizing curves losing optimality in contact sub-Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary dimension. We describe the geometry of the singular set and prove its stability in the case of manifolds of dimension 5.We propose a construction to define line fields using pairs of vector fields. This provides a natural topology to study the stability of singularities of line fields on surfaces.Nous étudions les relations qui existent entre des aspects de la géométrie sous-riemannienne et une diversité de singularités typiques dans ce contexte.Avec les théorèmes de Whitney sous-riemanniens, nous conditionnons l’existence de prolongements globaux de courbes horizontales définies sur des fermés à des hypothèses de non-singularité de l’application point-final dans l’approximation nilpotente de la variété.Nous appliquons des méthodes perturbatives pour obtenir des asymptotiques sur la longueur de courbes localement minimisantes perdant leur optimalité proche de leur point de départ dans le cas des variétés sous-riemanniennes de contact de dimension arbitraire. Nous décrivons la géométrie du lieu singulier et prouvons sa stabilité dans le cas des variétés de dimension 5.Nous introduisons une construction permettant de définir des champs de directions à l’aide de couples de champs de vecteurs. Ceci fournit une topologie naturelle pour analyser la stabilité des singularités de champs de directions sur des surfaces
Short geodesics losing optimality in contact sub-Riemannian manifolds and stability of the 5-dimensional caustic
No full textInternational audienceWe study the sub-Riemannian exponential for contact distributions on manifolds of dimension greater or equal to 5. We compute an approximation of the sub-Riemannian Hamiltonian flow and show that the conjugate time can have multiplicity 2 in this case. We obtain an approximation of the first conjugate locus for small radii and introduce a geometric invariant to show that the metric for contact distributions typically exhibits an original behavior, different from the classical 3-dimensional case. We apply these methods to the case of 5-dimensional contact manifolds. We provide a stability analysis of the sub-Riemannian caustic from the Lagrangian point of view and classify the singular points of the exponential map
Singularités en géométrie sous-riemannienne
No full textWe investigate the relationship between features of of sub-Riemannian geometry and an array of singularities that typically arise in this context.With sub-Riemannian Whitney theorems, we ensure the existence of global extensions of horizontal curves defined on closed set by requiring a non-singularity hypothesis on the endpoint-map of the nilpotent approximation of the manifold to be satisfied.We apply perturbative methods to obtain asymptotics on the length of short locally-length-minimizing curves losing optimality in contact sub-Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary dimension. We describe the geometry of the singular set and prove its stability in the case of manifolds of dimension 5.We propose a construction to define line fields using pairs of vector fields. This provides a natural topology to study the stability of singularities of line fields on surfaces.Nous étudions les relations qui existent entre des aspects de la géométrie sous-riemannienne et une diversité de singularités typiques dans ce contexte.Avec les théorèmes de Whitney sous-riemanniens, nous conditionnons l’existence de prolongements globaux de courbes horizontales définies sur des fermés à des hypothèses de non-singularité de l’application point-final dans l’approximation nilpotente de la variété.Nous appliquons des méthodes perturbatives pour obtenir des asymptotiques sur la longueur de courbes localement minimisantes perdant leur optimalité proche de leur point de départ dans le cas des variétés sous-riemanniennes de contact de dimension arbitraire. Nous décrivons la géométrie du lieu singulier et prouvons sa stabilité dans le cas des variétés de dimension 5.Nous introduisons une construction permettant de définir des champs de directions à l’aide de couples de champs de vecteurs. Ceci fournit une topologie naturelle pour analyser la stabilité des singularités de champs de directions sur des surfaces
A case study in ensemble optimal control for Bayesian input design
No full textWe discuss the problem of input design for uncertainty reduction in a parameter estimation procedure. Assuming a linear continuous-time control system with noisy measurements, we formulate an objective of variance reduction in a Bayesian Gaussian setting as an optimal control problem and analyze it from a geometric control perspective. The resulting cost functional depends on the unknown parameter, we compare the optimal control approach with a non-standard alternative inspired by ensemble control, where the cost is averaged over the prior distribution after computation, rather than before. This requires the statement of a generalized Pontryagin's maximum principle adapted to Gaussian distributions
A bisector line field approach to interpolation of orientation fields
No full textWe propose an approach to the problem of global reconstruction of an orientation field. The method is based on a geometric model called "bisector line fields", which maps a pair of vector fields to an orientation field, effectively generalizing the notion of doubling phase vector fields. Endowed with a well chosen energy minimization problem, we provide a polynomial interpolation of a target orientation field while bypassing the doubling phase step. The procedure is then illustrated with examples from fingerprint analysis
A switching technique for output feedback stabilization at an unobservable target
No full textInternational audienceWe consider the problem of dynamic output feedback stabilization at an unobservable target point. The challenge lies in according the antagonistic nature of the objective and the properties of the system: the system tends to be less observable as it approaches the target. In the literature, switching techniques rapidly appeared as a suitable approach to deal with this issue. On a case of systems with linear conservative dynamics and nonlinear output, this approach is used in conjunction with an embedding into bilinear systems that admit observers with dissipative error. Combining these two elements, global stabilization by means of a dynamic periodic time-varying output feedback is proved, and numerical simulations are provided
Approximate observability and back and forth observer of a PDE model of crystallization process
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we are interested in the estimation of Particle Size Distributions (PSDs) during a batch crystallization process in which particles of two different shapes coexist and evolve simultaneously. The PSDs are estimated thanks to a measurement of an apparent Chord Length Distribution (CLD), a measure that we model for crystals of spheroidal shape. Our main result is to prove the approximate observability of the infinite-dimensional system in any positive time. Under this observability condition, we are able to apply a Back and Forth Nudging (BFN) algorithm to reconstruct the PSD
On the Whitney extension property for continuously differentiable horizontal curves in sub-Riemannian manifolds
No full textInternational audienceIn this article we study the validity of the Whitney extension property for horizontal curves in sub-Riemannian manifolds endowed with 1-jets that satisfy a first-order Taylor expansion compatibility condition. We first consider the equiregular case, where we show that the extension property holds true whenever a suitable non-singularity property holds for the input-output maps on the Carnot groups obtained by nilpotent approximation. We then discuss the case of sub-Riemannian manifolds with singular points and we show that all step-2 manifolds satisfy the extension property. We conclude by showing that the extension property implies a Lusin-like approximation theorem for horizontal curves on sub-Riemannian manifolds
Output feedback stabilization of non-uniformly observable systems by means of a switched Kalman-like observer
No full textInternational audienceWe propose to explore switching methods in order to recover some properties of Kalmanlike observers for output feedback stabilization of state-affine systems that may present observability singularities. The self-tuning gain matrix in Kalman-like observers tend to be singular in the case of non-uniformly observable systems. We show in the case of state-affine systems with observable target that it can be prevented by dynamically monitoring observability of the system, and switching the control when it becomes critical
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