78 research outputs found
The Influence of Formal Institutions on The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Readiness and Entrepreneurial Behavior: A Cross-Country Analysis
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to use a unique set of measures from Holmes et al. (2013) to clarify the relationship between entrepreneurial readiness and entrepreneurial behaviours across countries and determine whether formal institutions moderate this relationship. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses data collected by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, the Index of Economic Freedom, Political Risk Services, and the Freedom House and Political Constraint Index to test a theoretical model. A multilevel analysis is performed based on set of 377,356 observations from 51 countries spanning eight years (2001-2008). Findings: The results suggest that entrepreneurial readiness has a strong relationship with entrepreneurial behaviour (as measured by entrepreneurial entry and opportunity-based entrepreneurship) and that this relationship strengthens with increases in political democracy (PD), government regulations (GR), financial capital availability (FCA) and market liquidity (ML).
Research limitations/implications: The study is based on Holmes et al.’s (2013) institutions that are most important for society, uses satisfactory sample size and multi-level modelling. However, many more institutional conditions that remain to be considered might affect entrepreneurial activities. Practical implications: For policy-makers, the results show that PD, GR, FCA and ML correlate favourably with entrepreneurial behaviour when individuals have a high level of entrepreneurial readiness. Policy-makers should introduce policies that provide a secure environment to individuals to start their own ventures.
Originality/value: The current study is among the first to examine the three dimensions of formal institutions—political, regulatory, and economic institutions—in a single study. Using the three dimensions, the study explains theoretically and examines empirically the effect of individual-level entrepreneurial readiness on entrepreneurial behaviour
Power system analysis / Hadi Saadat.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (pages 671-677) and index.Require MS Windows, Professional or Student edition of MATLAB R2007 and SIMULINK 4.1 of higher.xix, 712 pages :This text is intended for undergraduates studying power system analysis and design. It gives an introduction to fundamental concepts and modern topics, with applications to real-world problems. This is the first text in this area to fully integrate MATLAB and SIMULINK throughout. It also provides students with an author-developed Power Toolbox Disk organized to perform analyses and explore power system design issues with ease
Other-languagedness in Stories by R.K. Narayan, Saadat Hassan Manto, and Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
No full textIn her article Other-languagedness in Stories by R.K. Narayan, Saadat Hassan Manto, and Ruth Prawer Jhabvala Biljana Djorić Francuski examines, within a comparative framework, the concepts of otherness and other-languagedness as expressed in three short stories by authors from separate but interconnected cultures: an Indian English writer, Rasipuram Krishnaswamy Narayan; a Pakistani writer, Saadat Hassan Manto; and a writer of European origins who lived in and wrote about India, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala. The author analyzes, within the context of the (post)colonial discourse, the instances of misunderstanding resulting from binary oppositions between the interlocutors, due to their mutual otherness
A Multi-level Study of Entrepreneruship Education among Pakistani University Students
No full textThis study examines how a university’s support impacts students’ entrepreneurial intentions and finds that entrepreneurship education, concept-development support, and business-development support increase such intentions. The university role is critical to the growth of entrepreneurial intentions, and we argue that an individual’s decision in favor of or against becoming an entrepreneur depends on the multi-level context provided by the university. Our findings suggest that students perceive the education and concept-development support (educational and cognitive) from their universities as highly influential on their entrepreneurial intentions. We conclude that a multi-level perspective offers a meaningful understanding of entrepreneurship and offer suggestions for university management and policy-makers for enhancing entrepreneurship. A sample of 805 undergraduate students in universities in Pakistan took part in the study
Exploring Inter-generational Influence on Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediating Role of Perceived Desirability and Perceived Feasibility"
No full textChildren of self-employed parents are twice as likely as other children to become self-employed themselves, as family background exerts a significant influence on the values, attitudes, and behaviour one adopts. This study explores how entrepreneurial intentions are transmitted across generations within families. Using the data from 805 respondents and expanding upon Shapero and Sokol's model of intention in entrepreneurial events (SEE), we analyse the role of an entrepreneurial family background as an intergenerational influence on entrepreneurial intention and the underlying mediating effect of perceived desirability and perceived feasibility in starting a business
The Role of Perceived University Support in the Formation of Students' Entrepreneurial Intention
No full textEntrepreneurship education is central to student entrepreneurship. Previous research has attempted to understand the role of entrepreneurship education in the formation of students' entrepreneurial intention and behavior, albeit in an isolated manner. Universities can support entrepreneurship in many ways, but it is important to measure students' perception of the support that they receive in order to understand the extent of such support and its impact on students. The current study proposed and tested an integrative, multiperspective framework. We have hypothesized that the three dimensions of university support, that is, perceived educational support, concept development support, and business development support, together with institutional support, shape students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In turn, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and individual motivations constitute the fundamental elements of the intention to start a business. A sample of 805 university students took part in the study and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Our findings showed that perceived educational support exerted the highest influence on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, followed by concept development support, business development support, and institutional support. Self-efficacy in turn had a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Individual motivations such as self-realization, recognition, and role had an additional impact on intention. However, intention was not related to financial success, innovation, and independence. The findings suggest that a holistic perspective provides a more meaningful understanding of the role of perceived university support in the formation of students' entrepreneurial intention. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed
Mumtaz Mufti: The Manifester of Bold Expressions, a Self Assessment
No full textMumtaz Mufti has a prominent position in the history of Urdu fiction. He was born in Patiala in 1905 AD. After completing his BA from Islamia College, Lahore, he was educated for twelve years in various schools of the Punjab Government. After independence, he was associated with various departments of Pakistan Air Force, Azad Kashmir Radio, Public Service Commission and Ministry of Information. Several collections of his stories were published. The names of these collections are Un Kahi, Ghema Ghemi, Chup, Asmarain, Gurria Ghar etc. Ghubaray is collection of his essays. Piaz kay Chilkay contains sketches. These books also depict his creativity. Alipur Ka Eli is an unforgettable contribution to the history of Urdu novel. His rebellion against so many kinds of oppression earned him a good name. </p
Fighting HIV/AIDS: Reconfiguring the State?
No full textThe author wishes to thank the anonymous reviewers of the article and the ESRC for funding part of this research
Mumtaz Mufti: The Manifester of Bold Expressions, a Self Assessment
No full textMumtaz Mufti has a prominent position in the history of Urdu fiction. He was born in Patiala in 1905 AD. After completing his BA from Islamia College, Lahore, he was educated for twelve years in various schools of the Punjab Government. After independence, he was associated with various departments of Pakistan Air Force, Azad Kashmir Radio, Public Service Commission and Ministry of Information. Several collections of his stories were published. The names of these collections are Un Kahi, Ghema Ghemi, Chup, Asmarain, Gurria Ghar etc. Ghubaray is collection of his essays. Piaz kay Chilkay contains sketches. These books also depict his creativity. Alipur Ka Eli is an unforgettable contribution to the history of Urdu novel. His rebellion against so many kinds of oppression earned him a good name. </p
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