1,015 research outputs found
Native American mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that the Amerind and the Nadene populations were founded by two independent migrations
No full textMitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from 167 American Indians including 87 Amerind-speakers (Amerinds) and 80 Nadene-speakers (Nadene) were surveyed for sequence variation by detailed restriction analysis. All Native American mtDNAs clustered into one of four distinct lineages, defined by the restriction site variants: HincII site loss at np 13,259, AluI site loss at np 5,176, 9-base pair (9-bp) COII-tRNA(Lys) intergenic deletion and HaeIII site gain at np 663. The HincII np 13,259 and AluI np 5,176 lineages were observed exclusively in Amerinds and were shared by all such tribal groups analyzed, thus demonstrating that North, Central and South American Amerinds originated from a common ancestral genetic stock. The 9-bp deletion and HaeIII np 663 lineages were found in both the Amerinds and Nadene but the Nadene HaeIII np 663 lineage had a unique sublineage defined by an RsaI site loss at np 16,329. The amount of sequence variation accumulated in the Amerind HincII np 13,259 and AluI np 5,176 lineages and that in the Amerind portion of the HaeIII np 663 lineage all gave divergence times in the order of 20,000 years before present. The divergence time for the Nadene portion of the HaeIII np 663 lineage was about 6,000-10,000 years. Hence, the ancestral Nadene migrated from Asia independently and considerably more recently than the progenitors of the Amerinds. The divergence times of both the Amerind and Nadene branches of the COII-tRNA(Lys) deletion lineage were intermediate between the Amerind and Nadene specific lineages, raising the possibility of a third source of mtDNA in American Indians
Predicting type 2 diabetes risk: a comprehensive analysis of socioeconomic, behavioral, and machine learning predictors
No full textIn the United States and globally, Type 2 Diabetes presents a public health challenge. Early and accurate prediction of T2D can facilitate timely interventions, thereby mitigating the risk of long-term complications. Traditional statistical methods, while valuable, often fall short of capturing the intricate relationships among various T2D risk factors. Machine learning (ML) models, with their ability to handle large, multidimensional datasets, offer promising alternatives. This study explores the application of ML in T2D prediction, leveraging a broad spectrum of predictors from lifestyle habits and socioeconomic backgrounds to environmental exposures, aiming to identify the model that best predicts T2D risk. Methods The study analyzed data comprising 129,024 individuals, including 21,303 with type 2 diabetes, from the Center for Disease Control, 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, annotated with variables including BMI, age, exercise frequency, smoking status, sleep duration, socioeconomic status (SES), healthcare access, and geographical factors. The data was split into 80% training and 20% testing sets. Six Machine Learning models (Logistic Regression, Gaussian Naive Bayes, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Neural Network and Decision Trees) were trained, and their performances were compared based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the Area Under Curve (AUC). Feature importance analysis was conducted to identify the most predictive variables. Results The predictive models used achieved a high area under the curve (AUC ranging from 0.69 to 0.81). However, the Gradient Boosting Model (GBM) and Neural Network outperformed others with similar results of accuracy of 0.86 and 0.85 respectively, specificity of 0.99, and AUC of 0.81. The Gaussian Naive Bayes model presented a balanced sensitivity-specificity trade-off (Accuracy: 0.80, Sensitivity: 0.43, Specificity: 0.87, AUC: 0.75) but fell short in overall accuracy and AUC compared to Gradient Boosting and Neural Network. This study highlighted that people who are unable to work (Coef = 0.5649), or who had a Health Care Coverage with the Alaska Native/Indian Health Service (Coef = 0.6096), or who have not had a medical checkup in the last 5 years or more (Coef = -1.0077) have higher risk for type 2 diabetes. Discussion The gradient boosting model showed the best model performance with the highest AUC value; however, the naive Bayes model is preferred for initial screening for type 2 diabetes because it had the highest sensitivity and, therefore, detection rate. The superior performance of GBM and NN can be attributed to its ability to handle complex interactions among a range of risk factors, from biomedical to socioeconomic and environmental. Notably, the study confirms previously reported risk factors like BMI, Age, gender, etc. by Gary Collins et al, it also identifies employment status, healthcare coverage type, and frequency of medical checkups as 3 new potential risk factors related to T2D, highlighting the potential for machine learning to uncover nuanced insights into disease prediction. By integrating these broader determinants of health, machine learning models can offer a more comprehensive tool for early disease detection, thus highlighting the critical role of machine learning in advancing personalized medicine, health informatics and public health strategies.This work was accepted to the annual Graduate Research and Creative Works Symposium while the author was a graduate student at Rutgers University-Camden
Eje terrestre y cambio climático
No full textThe author question the act of a probable tip out on the earth axis and the consequences on weather changes during last geological periods.
El autor se interroga acerca del posible basculamiento de eje terrestre y sus consecuencias sobre los cambios climáticos que ha sufrido el planeta.
 
Spanish Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students: proceedings and consensus
No full text© 2021 The Author. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. This document is the Published version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in European Journal of Dental Education. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1111/eje.12706Introduction: Cariology is today a broad-based discipline and in the Spanish university teaching field, all this knowledge is not unified in a curriculum. Therefore, the aim was to develop a consensus text based on the European Core Curriculum, updated, and adapted to the characteristics of the Spanish university environment. Materials and Methods: A Spanish Cariology Curriculum Group (SCCG) was set up with members of the Spanish Society of Epidemiology and Oral Public Health (SESPO), Spanish Society of Conservative and Aesthetic Dentistry (SEOC) and Spanish Society of Paediatric Dentistry (SEOP) and university experts to adapt the European Core Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students (ECCC) for Spain. The work was carried out online during 2018 and 2019, and also face-to-face meetings took place to obtain a draft curriculum open for discussion that was presented to all the Spanish universities. The final modifications to the document were specified in a Consensus Conference of Spanish universities offering a Degree in Dentistry that took place in Madrid on 19 November 2019. Results: Thirty-eight university experts, under SCCG supervision, participated in the elaboration of the new framework document. A total of 16 universities, from 23 invited, reached a consensus as to the contents of the Spanish Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students. This new Curriculum emphasises learning outcomes, uses a consensus-based terminology pertaining to caries and other hard-tissue conditions, and introduces a new domain of competence in Domain III of ECCC. Conclusion: This new Cariology Curriculum is the result of a very broad-based consensus of university experts in Spain and lays the foundation for the implementation of an integrated teaching of Cariology in Spain in adherence to Alliance for a Caries Free Future (ACFF) objectives
How corporate governance and globalization can run afoul of the law and good practices in business: The Enron's disgraceful affair.
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to set out the Enron’s demise into the perspective of Corporate and Global Governance. To accomplish this target, the incremental cash flow model is expanded to give room for governance issues, while a functional introduction to information sets is developed, including bounded rationality, asymmetric information, opportunistic behavior, transaction costs and agency problems. Then, corporate governance is linked to globalization by means of some recent approaches that go beyond a narrow economic mindset to encompass a far-reaching dynamics. Taking advantage of such background, the Enron’s story is tracked down over a span of fifteen years since its starting day to its bankruptcy filing. Leading events are explained from corporate and global governance viewpoints, while an in-depth analysis is worked out on Enron’s complex game of deception and breach of contracts: the outrageous affiliated limited partnerships, the lavish pay package to its executives, the involvement with global governance through the Indian affair and the Taliban connection. It is for the incremental cash flow model to explain malfeasance with cash flows from assets, and how cash flows to creditors were actually contrived. Furthermore, to highlight how cash flows were swindled from stockholders and, finally, how Enron made wheeling and dealing with cash flows on behalf of its managers.corporate governance, global governance, incremental cash flow model, globalization, information sets, good practices.
[[alternative]]The Study of System Model for The Knowledge Management Applied in The Department of Elementary and Junior High Applied in The Department of Elementary and Junior High School Education -- An Example of MOE-EJE Website
No full text[[abstract]]In the knowledge economy of 21st century, The topic of knowledge become the kernel in economic development. By Internet fast developing and informational technology universal, people gain easily the information on Internet. The Web site of the Department of Elementary and Junior high school Education (EJE) of ministry of education (MOE) has designed by eLearning and knowledge management model to improve the policy disseminated and administration efficiency that aid the education reform and push.
The study in EJE is focused on kinds of technological tools, such as applying the knowledge management to plan system model, analyzing data flowing and operation condition of system by DFD, gaining content and describing the level of system manager by E-R Model, analyzing the dynamic relationships in Web site include of system administrators, staffs of EJE, so as to describe the
dynamic behaviors of system Web site operation by Perti-Nets, planning the role level of topic issue room by tree structure, mining a lot of information and analyzing them with the help of technology, so as to find out the unknown
and hidden data which may be very useful. Browser search tremendous information on Internet and discover knowledge for anticipation of success rate. It is important to deploy the structure of a knowledge website and create a data
warehouse if the designer can understand the anticipation of searching path on information of success rate. It will also shorten searching information time for a browser. Bayes’ Probability Model is used to analyze website knowledge discover for anticipation of success rate to provide website designer or manager reference with the improvement web layer structure. Finally, the behavior analysis collector has designed by VBA of Excel and analyzed all kind of information, include in browser style statistics, browser version statistics, browser behavior path statistics, browser visiting statistics, flowing rate of Web on hour, day and month. All of browser information are good to maintain and deposit Web site for system manager.
Chamanismos, neochamanismos y la medicina tradicional del yagé en el Eje Cafetero
No full textResumen: En este artículo se plantean de manera ilustrativa algunos elementos teóricos tanto antropológicos como sociológicos sobre chamanismos, neochamanismos y la medicina tradicional del yagé en el Eje Cafetero. En lo fundamental se plantean las bases conceptuales desarrolladas en nues- tro propio proceso de investigación y otras, de fuentes diversas, especial- mente de la antropología, incorporadas en el marco de la relación entre la medicina tradicional del yagé, la salud y la enfermedad y su relación con la espiritualidad y formas neoreligiosas contemporáneas. Se contextualiza el marco cultural de tensiones de la medicina tradicional chamánica con la alopática. Se describe la presencia cultural del yagé a través de las cere- monias y las relaciones e interacciones entre grupos y redes “yageceras” del Eje Cafetero -especialmente Manizales- con la el pueblo Camëntsa del Valle del Sibundoy, destacándose la presencia de estudiantes universita- rios indígenas y las características de los chamanes o taitas, que hacen presencia en la región. La descripción se ilustra con base en relatos toma- dos en el trabajo de campo entre el 2003 y 2004.Abstract: Some theoretical elements, both anthropological and sociological, on shamanisms, neo-shamanisms and the traditional medicine of the yagé in the coffee zone are considered. This work deals with the conceptual bases developed by the author and some other diverse sources especially those concerning anthropology. Such sources are incorporated within the relationship framework between the traditional medicine of the yagé in the coffee zone, health and disease conditions and their connection with spirituality and contemporary neo-religions trends. The cultural framework of tensions of the traditional shamanic medicine with allopathic medicine is contextualized. Furthermore, the cultural presence of the yagé is described through ceremonies and the relations and interactions between yagé producers and networks – especially in Manizales- and the Camëntsa village in Valle del Sibundoy through shamans and taitas that inhabit these regions. The description and interpretation is illustrated based upon narrations taken from the field work between 2003 and 2004
"La ocasión": una novela en el eje de la vacilación
No full textThis paper aims to analyze Juan José Saer’s narrative strategy in the novel "La ocasión". The author takes over some of the characters belonging to Argentinian collective imagination –who are national mythts–, what allows him to show the pampas as a misty and insurmountable mythical place. The especial mapping of plain he draws is not only a geographic framework in which the landowner, the gaucho or immigrant face both the environment and the otherness. This may be understood as a metaphor of man’s general condition. From a Lacanian orientation, the second part of this article examines the configuration of the main character from its central theme: spirit-matter dichotomy.El presente trabajo tiene como objeto el análisis de la estrategia narrativa que Juan José Saer adopta en la novela "La ocasión". Mediante la apropiación de una galería de personajes pertenecientes al imaginario colectivo de Argentina –claros mitos nacionales– pergeña un no menos mítico espacio brumoso e infranqueable como la pampa. La particular cartografía de la llanura que dibuja, no es solo un marco geográfico en el que el estanciero, el gaucho o el inmigrante se enfrentan tanto al entorno como a la alteridad, sino que se perfila como una metáfora de la condición general del hombre. Desde una orientación lacaniana, la segunda parte de este artículo examina la configuración del personaje principal a partir de un eje que gravita sobre la dicotomía materia-espíritu
Chamanismos, neochamanismos y la medicina tradicional del yagé en el Eje Cafetero
No full textAbstract: Some theoretical elements, both anthropological and sociological, on shamanisms, neo-shamanisms and the traditional medicine of the yagé in the coffee zone are considered. This work deals with the conceptual bases developed by the author and some other diverse sources especially those concerning anthropology. Such sources are incorporated within the relationship framework between the traditional medicine of the yagé in the coffee zone, health and disease conditions and their connection with spirituality and contemporary neo-religions trends. The cultural framework of tensions of the traditional shamanic medicine with allopathic medicine is contextualized. Furthermore, the cultural presence of the yagé is described through ceremonies and the relations and interactions between yagé producers and networks – especially in Manizales- and the Camëntsa village in Valle del Sibundoy through shamans and taitas that inhabit these regions. The description and interpretation is illustrated based upon narrations taken from the field work between 2003 and 2004.Resumen: En este artículo se plantean de manera ilustrativa algunos elementos teóricos tanto antropológicos como sociológicos sobre chamanismos, neochamanismos y la medicina tradicional del yagé en el Eje Cafetero. En lo fundamental se plantean las bases conceptuales desarrolladas en nues- tro propio proceso de investigación y otras, de fuentes diversas, especial- mente de la antropología, incorporadas en el marco de la relación entre la medicina tradicional del yagé, la salud y la enfermedad y su relación con la espiritualidad y formas neoreligiosas contemporáneas. Se contextualiza el marco cultural de tensiones de la medicina tradicional chamánica con la alopática. Se describe la presencia cultural del yagé a través de las cere- monias y las relaciones e interacciones entre grupos y redes “yageceras” del Eje Cafetero -especialmente Manizales- con la el pueblo Camëntsa del Valle del Sibundoy, destacándose la presencia de estudiantes universita- rios indígenas y las características de los chamanes o taitas, que hacen presencia en la región. La descripción se ilustra con base en relatos toma- dos en el trabajo de campo entre el 2003 y 2004
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