1,720,959 research outputs found
Antimicrobial Activity Comparison Profile of Piper betle L., Pluchea indica L. and Citrus aurantifolia [Christm.] Swingle against Bacterial Isolates from Human Axillary Sweat with Odor Problem
Get PDFThe research to compare the antimicrobial activity profile of Piper betle L. leaf, Pluchea indica L. leaf, and Citrus aurantifolia [Christm.] Swingle fruit against bacteria isolated from axillary sweat of six probandus having axillary odor problem had been done. Eight pure bacterial isolates came from this process, and then identified with Gram stain and several biochemical reactions. Staphylooccus aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. haemolyticus, known as bacteria that usually present in a large amount at human axilla skin with odor problem, were used also in this research. The tested plants were prepared with procedures that usually used by the Indonesian people as traditional home medicine to face the axillary odor problem. Furthermore, fucidic acid and potassium alumunium phosphate were used as reference drugs. Antimicrobial activity of all of the plants and the reference drugs against 11 bacteria were studied using agar diffusion method. The results showed that liquid extracted from Citrus aurantifolia [Christm.] Swingle. fructus had the highest antimicrobial activity compared to the two other plants against bacteria isolated from axillary sweat with odor problem, which was equal with the antimicrobial activity of potassium alumunium phosphate 20% w/v solution. Antimicrobial activity of betel leaf and beluntas leaf were equal with the antimicrobial activity of 19.06 μg/mL of fusidic acid solution.Keywords: betel leaf, Piper betle L., beluntas leaf, Pluchea indica L., lime fruit, Citrus aurantifolia [Christm.] Swingle, antimicrobial, axillary odor. AbstrakTelah dilakukan penelitian untuk membandingkan aktivitas antimikroba dari daun sirih (Piper betle L.), daun beluntas (Pluchea indica L.), dan buah jeruk nipis (Citrus arantifolia [Christm.] Swingle) terhadap bakteri yang diisolasi dari keringat ketiak enam sukarelawan yang memiliki masalah bau ketiak. Delapan isolat bakteri murni didapat dari proses ini dan kemudian diidentifikasi dengan pewarnaan Gram dan uji-uji biokimia. Bakteri Staphylooccus aureus, S. epidermidis, dan S. haemolyticus yang umumnya terdapat dalam jumlah banyak di kulit ketiak yang berbau juga digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Tanaman-tanaman uji disiapkan dengan cara yang biasa dilakukan oleh masyarakat Indonesia untuk mengatasi bau badan secara tradisional. Sebagai senyawa antimikroba standar, digunakan asam fusidat dan tawas (kalium aluminium fosfat) untuk dibandingkan aktivitasnya dengan tiga tanaman uji. Aktivitas antimikroba seluruh tanaman uji dan larutan senyawa antimikroba terhadap 11 bakteri diteliti dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa air perasan jeruk nipis memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terbesar dibandingkan dengan dua tanaman uji lainnya terhadap bakteri yang diisolasi dari keringat ketiak yang berbau, yang sebanding dengan aktivitas antimikroba larutan tawas 20% b/v. Aktivitas antimikroba daun sirih dan daun beluntas sebanding dengan aktivitas antimikroba larutan asam fusidat 19,06 μg/mL.Kata kunci: sirih, Piper betle L., beluntas, Pluchea indica L., jeruk nipis, Citrus aurantifolia [Christm.] Swingle, antimikroba, bau ketiak
Isolasi dan Uji Antimikroba Substansi Bioaktif Mikroba Endofit Ranting Tanaman Johar (Cassia siamea Lamk.)
No full textAssay for secondary metabolite of endophytic fungi from Cassia siamea Lamk.. (Johar Plant) has been investigated. Endophyitic fungi are microorganisms that live asymtomatically within the living tissue of host plants. Endophytic fungi associate with plant, they can help the metabolism of host plant and produce potensial secondary metabolite. The purpose of this experiment were to investigate endophytic microbial agents. Isolate of endophytic fungi from twig of Cassia siamea Lamk., using direct seed method was carried out. The microbial activity was carried out with dilution method using paper disk and glass cylinder. The results showed 3 isolates of bacteria and 7 isolates of endophtyic fungi. The metabolite from three isolates of bacteria had the anti-microbial activity more poten toward Gram positive than Gram negative and four isolates of fungi had anti-Aspergillus agent
Uji Sitotoksik Hasil Fermentasi Kapang Endofit Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) terhadap Sel MCF-7
No full textIn the development of traditional medicine, there are great demands of medicinal plant. Meanwhile, those demands exceed the capacity of natural resource to provide the raw material. The solution for that problem that has been developed is by utilizing organism that live on plant tissue, which known as endophytic microbe. The preliminary Brine Shrimp Lethality Test based research on the polarity degree of supernatant extracts has proved that it has high toxic activity on Artemia salina Leach. Subsequent to that study, a research to examine in vitro cytotoxic effect of supernatant extract fermented from Mahkota Dewa fruit endophytic mould KVM/a and KIVM/b isolate on breast cancer cell has been conducted. Thin layer chromatographic test was performed to identify the patch pattern from each fraction of KVM/a and KIVM/b isolate. Furthermore, preparative thin layer chromatographic test was tested on MCF-7 cell by using neutral red method. The cytotoxic effect was determined based on ICs, value. The results confirm the cytotoxic test effect of semi polar fraction of both isolates on MCF-7 cell with the ICs, value of 36.26 ppm for KVM/a and 30.48 ppm for KIVM/b
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
PRODUKSI KITOOLIGOSAKARIDA MENGGUNAKAN SELULASE DARI Trichoderma reesei DAN BIOAKTIVITASNYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI
No full textPenelitian ini merupakan sebagian dari rangkaian penelitian mengenai eksplorasi enzimenzim kitinolitik mikroba dan aplikasinya untuk pembuatan oligomer kitosan (kitooligosakarida) serta uji bioaktivitasnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji kemampuan antibakteri kitooligosakarida yang diproduksi dari kitosan dengan menggunakan enzim selulase non spesifik komersial dari Trichoderma reesei. Enzim ini ditentukan terlebih dahulu suhu dan pH optimumnya sebagai kitosanase, kemudian digunakan untuk menghidrolisis kitosan dengan konsentrasi 10, 13, dan 15 U/g kitosan, masing-masing selama 1, 2, dan 3 jam. Kitooligosakarida yang dihasilkan kemudian diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan khromatografi lapis tipis, dan diuji bioaktivitasnya sebagai antibakteri. Kitooligosakarida terpilih berdasarkan aktivitas antibakterinya kemudian diproduksi lagi untuk penentuan viskositas dan bobot molekulnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enzim selulase ini bekerja optimal sebagai enzim kitosanase pada suhu 60ºC dan pH 6. Identifikasi dengan menggunakan khromatografi lapis tipis menunjukkan bahwa kitooligosakarida yang dihasilkan dari semua perlakuan mengandung dimer, trimer, tetramer, dan pentamer. Kitooligosakarida tersebut mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus sampai dengan 84%, Salmonella typhosa sampai dengan 26%, Bacillus subtilis sampai dengan 15%, dan Escherichia coli sampai dengan 5,6%. Kitooligosakarida yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis menggunakan enzim ini pada 10 U/g kitosan selama 1 jam memiliki viskositas 2,15 cPs dan bobot molekul 323,76 Da.</jats:p
Formulasi Edible Film Ekstrak Daun Sirih (Piper betle L.) sebagai Antihalitosis
No full textHalitosis (bad breath) is the most complained problem among mouth and teeth health. The source of halitosis are volatile sulfur compounds produced by Streptococcus mutans from degradation of food debris. Sirih leaves (Pqaer betle L.) are traditionally used as mouth antiseptic for its volatile oil. The aim of this research was to formulate sirih extract into an edible film. The leaves were macerated with 96% ethanol for 24 hours, resulting to an extract with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on Streptococcus mutans of 8.49x10-3 g/ml. The extract with strength quadruple of the MIC, or equal to 0.92% povidone iodine, was formulated using 23 factorial design. Com starch, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and sorbitol were independent variables and drying time, moisture, hlm thickness, disintegrating time, and iilrn strength were the dependent ones. The results showed that HPMC significantly fastened the drying time, decreased the moisture, and lengthened the disintegrating time. Sorbitol significantly lengthened the drying time, increased the moisture, and strengthened the film, while corn starch decreased the moisture and lengthened the disintegrating time. Optimation of the formula ingredients using contour plot superimposed cannot be determined due to edible film disintegrating time that was out of comparative interval
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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