1,721,072 research outputs found
Basic of machine learning and deep learning in imaging for medical physicists
No full textThe manuscript aims at providing an overview of the published algorithms/automation tool for artificial intelligence applied to imaging for Healthcare. A PubMed search was performed using the query string to identify the proposed approaches (algorithms/automation tools) for artificial intelligence (machine and deep learning) in a 5-year period. The distribution of manuscript in the various disciplines and the investigated image types according to the AI approaches are presented. The limitation and opportunity of AI application in the clinical practice or in the next future research is discussed
Cerebrospinal fluid leaks after anterior skull base trauma: a systematic review of the literature
No full text- BACKGROUND: Anterior skull base (ASB) fractures are reported in 4% of
head injuries and represent 21% of all skull fractures. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
leaks may follow, severely exacerbating outcomes. We systematically reviewed
the literature to analyze and compare the roles of endoscopic surgery, open
surgery, and combined approaches in the management of CSF leak repair after
posttraumatic ASB fractures.
- METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched
in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting clinical data of
patients with CSF leaks after ASB fracture were reviewed, focusing on management strategies and posttreatment outcomes.
- RESULTS: We included 29 articles comprising 888 patients. The average age
at diagnosis was 34 years (range, 18e91 years), with a male predominance (54%)
and a male/female ratio of 2.9:1 (647:241). Clinical data were available for 888
patients with CSF leaks after ASB fracture, reporting a median follow-up time of
33.5 months (standard deviation, 29; range, 0.5e330.0 months). Open surgical
repair was the most common approach (67.9%), followed by endoscopic surgical
repair (32.1%). The endoscopy cohort showed lower rates of complications (0.7%
vs. 11.1%) and fistula recurrence (2.8% vs. 5.3%) compared with open surgery.
- CONCLUSIONS: ASB fractures are frequently treated as late surgery, 24 hours
from injury or later, especially for endoscopic surgery. Overall, the endoscopic
approach is preferred, mostly because of its safety and effectiveness, offering
lower failure rates than does open surgery
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Valutazione della performance di un algoritmo iterativo basato su intelligenza artificiale: studio preliminare su fantocci
No full textQuesto lavoro ha valutato le prestazioni di un nuovo tomografo PET/TC installato presso la nostra struttura, concentrandosi sulle ricostruzioni iterative potenziate da intelligenza artificiale (AIIR). Sono stati eseguiti controlli di qualità mediante fantocci PET/TC confrontando le ricostruzioni AIIR con quelle convenzionali OSEM.
Le acquisizioni sono state effettuate con diversi protocolli TC (120 kV fissi a diversi mAs) analizzando parametri come uniformità, rumore, contrasto. Le immagini acquisite sono state elaborate con ImageJ e iQWorks.
I risultati hanno evidenziato una riduzione significativa del rumore e un miglioramento del contrasto nelle ricostruzioni AIIR rispetto a OSEM, senza perdita di fedeltà quantitativa. Tali evidenze suggeriscono un potenziale utilizzo delle AIIR non solo per incrementare la qualità diagnostica, ma anche per una possibile riduzione della dose al paziente. Sebbene non ancora approvate per uso clinico, le AIIR rappresentano uno strumento promettente per l'evoluzione dell'immagine PET/TC
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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