170,964 research outputs found
LA CORTE INTER-AMERICANA E LA CORTE EUROPEA DEI DIRITTI DELL’UOMO: DA UN TRANS-REGIONAL JUDICIAL DIALOGUE AD UNA CROSS-FERTILIZATION?
No full textIntravesical electromotive drug administration of mitomycin-C for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
No full textThis article reviews intravesical application of electromotive drug administration (EMDA) for the treatment of bladder cancer and the evidence in support of intravesical passive diffusion chemotherapy in the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Two recently published randomised trials adopting protocols that use EMDA to enhance urothelial transport of intravesical mitomycin-C showed it provided a therapeutical advantage and suggested that intravesical passive diffusion administration of chemothera-peutic drugs may be suboptimal. Further studies are required to demonstrate feasibility and advantage of intravesical EMDA of mitomycin-C in the wider uro-oncological community
Updates in intravesical electromotive drug administration(A (R)) of mitomycin-C for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
No full textElectromotive drug administration(A (R)) (EMDA) increases the local drug efficacy by controlling and enhancing transmembranous transport into tissue. EMDA of intravesical mitomycin-C (MMC) has been used for treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) for about a decade on the basis of laboratory studies that demonstrated an enhanced administration rate of MMC into all bladder wall layers after EMDA compared to standard instillation/passive diffusion (PD). Higher MMC concentrations might have a clinical impact since EMDA was associated with lower recurrence rates than PD in randomized studies. Further data suggest that EMDA/MMC is at least equivalent to BCG in treatment of high-risk bladder tumours. In addition, BCG combined with EMDA/MMC as well as preoperative EMDA/MMC are new therapeutic strategies with promising preliminary results in terms of higher remission rates and longer remission times. In summary, these findings suggest that EMDA for MMC delivery in the bladder could be a major therapeutic breakthrough in the treatment of NMIBC
Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) with mitomycyn-C for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.
No full textUmpolung of reactivity of lithium trimethylsilyldiazomethane at the C-5 position of 6-substituted uracil derivatives
No full textThe nucleophilic addition of TMSC(Li)N-2 at the low reactive C-5
position of the uracil ring of C-6 substituted uracil derivatives is
reported. The ratio of C-5 versus C-6 nucleophilic addition of
TMSC(Li)N-2 dramatically depends on the stereoelectronic properties of
the C-6 substituent. In particular, substituents characterized both by
sterically bulky and/or electron-withdrawing (EWG) effects appear to
direct the nucleophile mainly (methyl, chloromethyl or halogen) or
completely (isopropyl) toward the C-5 position. The fine-tuned
substituent selectivity found in the nucleophilic addition of
TMSC(Li)N-2 to C-6 substituted uracils plays a leading role in the
synthesis of new trimethylsilyl-1H-{[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5,7-dione
derivatives, which can in turn be easily modified through known silicon
chemistry.
Vetus et nova ecclesiae disciplina circa beneficia et beneficiarios in tres partes distributa : pars prima sive tomus primus
No full textSign.: *-2*, c-e, A-Z, 2A-2ZPort. a dúas tintas e viñeta xilTexto a dúas co
Fibrosis assessment in patients with HCV or HBV chronic infection
No full textMeanwhile, measurement of liver stiffness (LS) is the standard for fibrosis screening in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), namely for the diagnosis of severe fibrosis and cirrhosis (F3 or F4 according to the METAVIR scoring system, respectively) and for the exclusion of significant fibrosis. LS values can be influenced by the degree of necroinflammation in both HBV and HCV infection. In particular, the international guidelines suggest considering normal ALT versus elevated ALT (5 × ULN) in the measurement of LS in HBV-infected patients. Several studies were performed using transient elastography to evaluate its reliability in defining the presence of portal hypertension and esophageal varices. A wide range of cut-off levels have been reported to date. LS is also a strong pre-treatment predictor with regard to the response to antiviral treatment. The precise distinction between advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis is of fundamental importance in terms of both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Regression of fibrosis has been demonstrated in patients with HCV after virus elimination and in patients with HBV during antiviral treatment. In HCV patients, a sustained virological response was accompanied by a significant improvement in hepatic function and a decrease of LS. In HBV patients, pre-treatment and LS changes during nucleoside/nucleotide analogues can predict liver-related events. In conclusion, LS measurement has become essential for the clinical management of patients with HCV and HBV chronic infection
Long-Term Outcome of Otherwise Healthy Individuals with Incidentally Discovered Borderline Thrombocytopenia.
No full textBACKGROUND: The long-term outcome of individuals with mild degrees of thrombocytopenia is unknown. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In a prospective study conducted between August 1992 and December 2002, 260 apparently healthy individuals with incidentally discovered platelet counts between 100 x 10(9)/l and 150 x 10(9)/l were monitored for 6 mo to determine whether their condition persisted. The monitoring period was completed in 217 cases, of whom 191 (88%) maintained stable platelet counts. These 191 individuals were included in a long-term follow-up study to gain knowledge of their natural history. With a median time of observation of 64 mo, the thrombocytopenia resolved spontaneously or persisted with no other disorders becoming apparent in 64% of cases. The most frequent event during the study period was the subsequent development of an autoimmune disease. The 10-y probability of developing idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), as defined by platelet counts persistently below 100 x 10(9)/l, was 6.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.0%-12.0%). The 10-y probability of developing autoimmune disorders other than ITP was 12.0% (95% CI: 6.9%-20.8%). Most of the cases (85%) of autoimmune disease occurred in women. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy individuals with a sustained platelet count between 100 x 10(9)/l and 150 x 10(9)/l have a 10-y probability of developing autoimmune disorders of 12%. Further investigation is required to establish whether this risk is higher than in the general population and whether an intensive follow-up results in an improvement of prognosis
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